Dental Aesthetic Index Research Articles

Comparison of Malocclusion Prevalence, Type and Severity between Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Case-Control Study

Background: To analyze the prevalence, type and severity of malocclusions in a group of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using a facial and occlusal analysis and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Methods: A prospective, case–control study was made of two groups, a cerebral palsy and a control group, with the determination of the facial and occlusion analysis in the three spatial planes. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the severity of malocclusion. Results: The patients with CP presented a higher prevalence of increased facial lower third height and a greater tendency towards right-side canine and molar class II malocclusion, narrower transverse relationship and crossbite. The DAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the CP group. Increased physical impairment in the CP group was associated to greater DAI scores. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of malocclusion were significantly greater in the CP group. The type of malocclusion predominantly found in these patients was molar class II, with open bite, increased overjet and a narrow arch. The CP group also presented mixed breathing with higher DAI scores and decreased facial lower third height.

Impact of severity of malocclusion and self-perceived smile and dental aesthetics on self-esteem among adolescents

The psychological impact of malocclusion, social acceptance, self-esteem, and the development of personality traits are considerations that can affect the demand for orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of malocclusion severity and self-perceived smile and dental aesthetics on self-esteem among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. This analytical cross-sectional study was performed among 393 adolescents (210 females and 183 males) at a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index, whereas self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Smile analysis was performed on photographs of posed smiles, whereas photographs of posed smiles and intraoral frontal view with teeth in centric occlusion were rated with the Visual Analog Scale for self-perception of smile and dental aesthetics. A comparison of variables among self-esteem groups was made using the ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests, whereas an association among all variables was examined using the correlation coefficient. Stepwise regression analysis examined the effects of independent variables on self-esteem. A significant correlation was found between self-esteem and self-perceived smile (r=0.294; P < 0.001) and dental aesthetics (r=0.212; P < 0.001). Adolescents with high self-perceived smile (mean ± standard deviation, 7.66 ± 2.20) and dental aesthetics (6.68 ± 2.58) had higher self-esteem than participants with low self-perceived smile (4.75 ± 2.73) and dental aesthetics (4.36 ± 2.29). Self-perceived smile aesthetics had the most predictive impact on self-esteem. The results showed that self-perception of smile and dental aesthetics is a significant factor that influences self-esteem among adolescents.

Parental perception of malocclusion, its severity and aesthetic concerns in children with mixed dentition: A cross-sectional study

This study aimed to associate the parents' perception of the need for treatment and the children's aesthetic concern, considering the influence of malocclusion severity levels. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 770 children aged 8 to 10 years in the mixed dentition stage. A closed question sent to parents assessed the subjective orthodontic treatment need (outcome). Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) evaluated children's aesthetic concerns, and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) diagnosed the anterior characteristics and malocclusion severity levels. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P<0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P<0.10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. Parents of children with higher aesthetic concerns are 1.82 times more likely to believe that their child needs orthodontic treatment (P<0.05). Parents of children with very severe malocclusion are 1.91 times more likely to perceive their child's need for orthodontic treatment (P<0.05). Parents of children with greater aesthetic concerns are more likely to perceive the need for orthodontic treatment, and very severe malocclusion also influences parents' perception of the need for orthodontic treatment.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors That Influence Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents: a Cohort Study.

To determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors that may influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) at ages 12 to 15. Cohort study. Cluster-randomized sample of Hong Kong 12-year-olds. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was used to measure OHRQoL as the response variable. Periodontal status and caries were examined according to WHO criteria. Malocclusion was assessed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Potential predictors of OHRQoL (age, gender, father's education, mother's education, household income, periodontal status, caries, and malocclusion) were analyzed by structural equation modelling. At age 12, 589 participants (305 females, 284 males) were included. At age 15, 331 (172 females and 159 males) were followed up. For direct effects, age 15 was associated with higher oral symptoms (OS) scores (β=0.124, 95%CI=0.049 to 0.2) but lower emotional well-being (EWB) scores (β=-0.105, 95%CI=-0.184 to -0.03). Males had higher OS scores than females (β=0.126, 95%CI=0.059 to 0.208). Mother's education had positive effects on children's EWB (β=-0.096, 95%CI=-0.159 to -0.018). Malocclusion had negative effects on functional limitations (FL) (β=0.083, 95%CI=0.013 to 0.186). For indirect effect, mother's education showed a link via EWB to OHRQoL (β=-0.077, 95%CI=-0.123 to -0.018). Malocclusion showed a link via FL to OHRQoL (β=0.037, 95%CI=0.006 to 0.087). Age, gender, mother's education and malocclusion predicted OHRQoL at ages 12 and 15.

Does Malocclusion Severity affect the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Nigerian Adolescents?

The impact of malocclusion on the psyche of an individual could range from mild reservations about teeth appearance to debilitating anxiety about self-image and self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its association with severity of malocclusion, and assess the effect of gender, age and academic level on psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Nigerian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 96 adolescents with an age range of 13 to 19 years recruited from patients at a hospital dental clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered having sociodemographic section and the English version of the standardized questionnaire measuring the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDAQ). The participants were assessed clinically and categorized into four malocclusion severity levels based on their Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) scores. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the sample’s sociodemographic characteristics as well as the mean PIDAQ and DAI scores. Bivariate analysis (ANOVA) was used to investigate the impact of the DAI scores on the mean PIDAQ scores. The interrelation among DAI and PIDAQ was analyzed using correlation analysis. The mean PIDAQ score was 42.5 ± 11.0. Severity of malocclusion as measured by DAI had no significant effect on psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. The total PIDAQ score and its subscales showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) by age, gender, and academic level. Malocclusion severity has no significant linear relationship with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion.

The impact of malocclusion on the oral health related quality of life of 11\u201314-year-old children

BackgroundThe relationship between malocclusion and the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children needs to be explored further as existing literature presents conflicting evidence. This study aims to determine the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL of 11–14-year-old children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 caregiver/child dyads seeking orthodontic consultation at a tertiary care hospital. The OHRQoL was assessed using child perception questionnaire for 11–14-year-old children (CPQ11–14) and the severity of malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). CPQ11–14 scores ranged from 0 to 64, with lower scores representing better quality of life. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between domain and total CPQ11–14 scores.ResultsThe mean CPQ11–14 score was 19.89 ± 9.8. Mean scores for the oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, and social well-being domains were 5.26 ± 3.22, 3.67 ± 3.58, 3.98 ± 3.89 and 2.08 ± 2.98, respectively. Normal or slight malocclusion was seen in 37.6%, definite malocclusion was seen in 22.4%, severe malocclusion in 15.2% and handicapping malocclusion in 24.8% of the subjects. In comparisons by pairs, it was found that children with handicapping malocclusion had significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores for the social well-being domain as compared with children having normal/minor malocclusion, indicating a poorer quality of life.ConclusionHandicapping malocclusion had a significant negative impact on the social well-being domain of OHRQoL among 11–14-year-old children in this population.

Assessment of Severity of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need Using the Dental Esthetic Index and Angle's Classification: A Retrospective Study

Angle's classification is the most widely used instrument for evaluation of malocclusion. The dental esthetic index (DAI) is a reliable, valid, and universally accepted cross-cultural index adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) that links objective, clinical, and subjective esthetic factors to produce a single score that reflects the severity and the treatment needs of the malocclusion. The present study aims to evaluate Angle's classification and DAI to assess the severity of malocclusion and treatment needs. This retrospective cross-sectional study was done on pretreatment orthodontics records of 145 male patients and 153 female patients in the age-group 9-42 years with malocclusion who had received or were undergoing orthodontic treatment in the orthodontic department clinics of the College of Dentistry, Jazan University. Preorthodontic study casts, orthopantomography, and lateral cephalometric X-rays were analyzed. DAI scores were calculated, and treatment needs were assessed. Angle's classification of malocclusion was also noted. Among patients with normal or minor malocclusion (DAI score ≤25), a significantly higher percentage of patients were class I (58%) than any other class of malocclusion. Among patients determined to have handicapping malocclusion (DAI score ≥36), significantly higher percentage of patients were class II/1 (44%) than any other class of malocclusion. Class II/1 showed the highest percentage of definite (24%) (DAI score 26-30), severe (19%) (DAI score 31-35), and handicapping malocclusions (44%) (DAI score ≥36). A total of 26% of patients had skeletal class I. A total of 38% of patients had skeletal class II. A total of 36% of patients had skeletal class III. Approximately 13% of patients had maxillary canine impactions and 3% of patients had mandibular canine impactions. The study reported 35% of patients were having handicapping malocclusion (DAI ≥36) and 14% having severe malocclusion (DAI score 31-35). The malocclusion was characterized by a high frequency of anterior crowding. Thus, the complementary use of DAI and Angle's classification, with improvements, helps establish an all-inclusive criterion for screening and prioritizing of patients eligible for receiving subsidized, publicly funded orthodontic care and thus allows better use of limited available resources.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВОЗРАСТА И ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УЛЫБКИ НА ЖИЗНЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Subject. A person's individuality depends on the peculiarities of his behavior in the conditions of modern life realities of society, his way of thinking and his communication skills. All the features of human behavior are interconnected, but some of them, in our opinion, play the most decisive role in life, in particular the appearance of a person. The dental status, namely, the ideal smile, is taken into account not only as a dentofacial composition, but also determines the special role of the aesthetic aspect of orthopedic rehabilitation, which is an integral part of the form of individual and collective life activity of a modern person. Thus, the study of aesthetic problems remains especially relevant dental care being provided to the dental patients.&#x0D; The aim is to study the relationship between the influence of age and aesthetic parameters of a smile on the sociability of patients.&#x0D; Methodology. Our study involved 30 male and female patients aged 30 to 40 years. We conducted the main (collecting anamnesis, study of diagnostic models) and additional (analysis of the results of the assessment of the dental aesthetic index (DAI)) research methods and questionnaires according to the V.F. Ryakhovsky test "Assessment of the level of sociability".&#x0D; The results of the study. Analysis of the results of the study allows us to conclude that 50% of patients from the examination group of the age category of 30-40 years have severe and very severe malocclusion, which directly affects the harmony of the smile. People smile less, they are embarrassed to speak, communication efficiency is not high, thus one of the conditions for building a successful career is not achieved. &#x0D; Conclusions. Having completed our research, we came to the conclusion that the age of the studied patients and the state of the dental system affect people's communication efficacy. Thus, dental health has a significant impact to the components of human well-being.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 15-year-old adolescents of the Arkhangelsk region

Relevance. Purpose of the study to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 15-year-old adolescents of the Arkhangelsk region.Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study is a part of the Third National dental examination of children and adolescents of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 1091 teenagers from 7 urban and 5 rural settlements. The study assessed the prevalence of malocclusion and calculated the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs according to the sex and place of residence. The prevalence of malocclusion was presented by proportions with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) calculated by the Wilson method. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The numeric variables were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results. The malocclusion prevalence was 67% (95% CI: 64,2–69,8) without sex or location of residence differences. The mean DAI score was 24,0 (95% CI: 23,2–24,8) for the rural and 22,9 (22,5–23,4) for the urban adolescents (p &lt; 0,001). 33,5 % of the 15-year-olds needed orthodontic treatment, with no differences in sex or place of residence. 18,7% of adolescents exhibited overt malocclusion, 9,7% had severe malocclusion, and 5,0% – very severe.Conclusions. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in the Arkhangelsk region remain high. The mean DAI score was higher in rural than in urban adolescents. All the above mentioned indicates the necessity to prevent and timely treat orthodontic pathology in adolescents.

Malocclusion and its relationship with oral health-related quality of life in patients with eating disorders.

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-reported satisfaction of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Methods: The sample consisted of sixty women who attended a specialized mental health clinic of a Brazilian medical school. Participants were distributed into two groups: patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (ABN; n=30) and control patients without eating disorders (CN; n=30). The dental occlusion was evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index; the OHRQoL was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire; and the self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing was obtained by interviews. Results: Severe and very severe malocclusion were observed in 26.67% and 46.67% of patients in the ABN group, respectively, while the CN group showed 80.00% of patients without abnormality/mild malocclusion. ABN group showed a higher proportion of patients (p < 0.05) with tooth loss, spacing in the region of incisors, maxillary misalignment, and mandibular misalignment in relation to CN group. ABN group presented lower (p< 0.05) OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing, compared to the CN group. There was a significant positive correlation (p< 0.05) between the Dental Aesthetic Index and OHIP-14 scores in the ABN group. Conclusions: The prevalence of severe malocclusion in ABN group was high, with a negative impact on OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the chewing ability, speech ability and appearance of teeth.

Effect of socioeconomic, nutritional status, diet, and oral habits on the prevalence of different types of malocclusion in school-children.

Objective:Although there have been many reports on the prevalence of malocclusion, there is a paucity of data concerning factors associated with it. The present study aimed to study the effects of three environmental factors namely socio-economic status (SES), nutritional status, and oral habits on malocclusion.Material and Methods:A total number of 765 students [Low socio-economic status (LSS; 369 subjects) and High socio-economic status (HSS; 396 subjects)] based on Modified Kuppuswamy scale were examined within the age group of 13- 15 years amongst various government and private schools in Chandigarh, India. A survey questionnaire was filled up by the subjects, which was followed up with clinical examination using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI index). Additionally, the provisional diagnosis, retained, transposed teeth, and overbite were estimated.Results:The total prevalence of malocclusion in the population was 49.7%. The prevalence of malocclusion in LSS was found to be 42.90% and in HSS was 57.10% (P: 0.003). The mean DAI score in LSS was 26.011 and in HSS was 27.179. The mean DAI score in soft eaters was 29.527, average eaters was 26.369 and hard eaters was 26.410.Conclusion:The total prevalence of malocclusion in Chandigarh was 49.7%. Class I type 1 was the most prevalent type of malocclusion. Adolescents belonging to HSS had more malocclusion as compared to those belonging to LSS. Soft diet caused increased malocclusion. The present study highlighted the effect of diet pattern on the prevalence of malocclusion. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Mixed Dentition of School Going Children of Dharan, Nepal

Introduction: Malocclusion can be defined as a mal-relation between the dental arches in any planes beyond the normal limits. With the rise in concern about good dental appearance, people compare it with success in different fields of life and are always willing to pursue the orthodontic treatment.&#x0D; Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs according to gender, race and age in mixed dentition of school going children of Dharan, Nepal.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 830 school children from 10 randomly selected schools from January 2017 to December 2017. The type of malocclusion was determined using a structured questionnaire and the orthodontic treatment need was calculated based on Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Chi-square test was used to test the associations.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusion was 49.11%, 11.43%, 4.03%, and 12.24%, respectively. Normal occlusion was found in 5.79% and 17.39% had asymmetry. The prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs was: 70.06% for slight or no need, 18.67% for elective need, 7.76% for highly desirable need, and 3.52% for mandatory need. Class I malocclusion was statistically significant for both Caucasians and Mongolians and among 8-year-old children (P≤0.001) whereas, 6-and-7-year-old children had no need for orthodontic treatment which was significant (P&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of malocclusion to be high with Class I being the most common and nearly one third in need for treatment as assessed by the DAI.

Comparison of the Occlusal Feature Index (OFI) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) in 10–14-year-old children at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital

Background: Malocclusion often occurs in children due to discrepancies between primary teeth and permanent teeth. An assessment of the severity of the malocclusion is necessary for establishing the diagnosis and determining the need for treatment. The Occlusal Feature Index (OFI) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) are indices that assess the need for orthodontic treatment, but they use different weights. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the need for orthodontic treatment based on the OFI and DAI in 10–14-year-old children. Methods: The sample in this study is secondary data in the form of 66 study models pre-treatment in children aged 10–14 years at the Universitas Sumatra Utara (USU) Dental Hospital. All samples were collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The measurement results were analysed statistically by the Chi-square test to see the comparison between the OFI and DAI. The results obtained are presented in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: For the OFI, 42.4% of the samples had no orthodontic treatment needed, 31.8% were indicated to treat, and 25.8% require mandatory treatment. For the DAI, 47% of samples had no/little treatment need, 25.8% had elective treatment need, 16.7% had treatment considered mandatory, and 10.6% treatment highly desirable. Based on the assessment to compare the OFI and DAI using the Chi-square test, p=0.001 was obtained. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the need for orthodontic treatment between OFI and DAI in children aged 10–14 years at the USU Dental Hospital.

Necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en una muestra peruana mediante el Índice Estético Dental.

Introduction: The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is considered an essential tool in the association of the aesthetic and clinical elements of occlusion. It plays a key role in the timely and essential orthodontic treatment. Objective: to determine the orthodontic treatment required in students of a Peruvian public institution using the DAI. Material and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out during the months of June to July 2016 in a Peruvian educational institution. The sample consisted of 120 students. The use of the DAI allowed to assess the orthodontic treatment required, through the 10 occlusal conditions and regression indicators that constitute a linear formula, with the following components: no treatment required, elective treatment, desirable treatment, and priority treatment, according to the severity of the malocclusion as normal, defined, severe, and very severe, respectively. Results: 53.3% (64) of the students required priority orthodontic treatment due to presenting DAI=43.03. Between the ages of 12-14 years, 56.7% (34), 8.3% (5), and 28.3% (17) required priority, desirable, and elective orthodontic treatment, respectively. The need for priority orthodontic treatment was more prevalent in females accounting for 57.6% (38). 95% (57) of the students from rural areas required orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment in a Peruvian sample using the Dental Aesthetic Index was priority orthodontic treatment, mostly in females with ages ranging between 12-14 years.

Dental Aesthetic Index (Dai) Score Among Patients with Antero-Posterior Basal Bone Discrepancy

Aim: To determine the mean Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) malocclusion score among patients with Antero-posterior basal bone discrepancy (APBBD) and to assess the treatment need of the patients with horizontal jaw deformities as calculated by DAI guidelines. Methodology: The descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Orthodontic department, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore. Lateral cephalograms of the patients were analyzed for anteroposterior basal bone discrepancy by measuring angle ANB. Two hundred and thirty one subjects were included in the study having ANB &gt;4° or &lt;1° through non probability consecutive sampling technique. Study casts were obtained and malocclusion parameters for Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were calculated. Results: The mean Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) score in APBBD was 37.10 ± 7.62, in skeletal class II (37.14 ± 7.90) and in skeletal class III (36.98 ± 6.68), (p-value 0.75). Moderate positive correlation existed between DAI score and ANB in skeletal class II subjects (R 0.49, p &lt;0.001). Conclusion: The mean DAI score in APBBD showed mandatory treatment need in patients with Antero-posterior basal bone discrepancy. Moderately positive correlation existed between ANB and DAI score in skeletal class II patients. Keywords: Malocclusion, Dental Aesthetic Index, Jaw disharmony

Esthetic impact of maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding in children in the mixed dentition

This study aimed to investigate the esthetic impact of mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema in children in the mixed dentition. The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 785 children, aged 8-10years, in the late mixed dentition. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated clinically with the Dental Aesthetic Index. Mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema were evaluated to determine tooth size-arch length discrepancies. The sample was stratified as group 1, children without maxillary midline diastema or mandibular crowding (n=177); group 2, children with maxillary midline diastema (n=256); group 3, children with mandibular crowding (n=208); and group 4, children with maxillary midline diastema and mandibular crowding (n=144). The subjective esthetic impact was evaluated using the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score. Descriptive and exploratory analyses of the data were performed. A generalized linear model was applied, adjusted for the possible confounding variables (age, gender, and race) with a significance level of 5% because the Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score did not meet the assumptions of analysis of variance. Children in groups 2 and 3 showed greater esthetic concern than group 1 (P<0.05). Children in groups 2 and 3 did not show a significant difference with children in group 4 (P>0.05). Children with mixed dentition with mandibular crowding or maxillary median diastema reported significantly more esthetic concern than children without these conditions.

Orthodontic status and treatment need of 13 to 15 year-old children in Kwa-Zulu Natal South Africa: An epidemiology study using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)

The prevalence of malocclusion among school going children in KwaZulu-Natal remains poorly defined despite the known physiological and psychological impact of this dental occurrence. The aim and objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and possible treatment need in 13-15 year-old school going children in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted on 270 school-going children aged 13 to 15 years, in the Umlazi and Pinetown school districts. A two-staged clustered and systematic random sampling technique was used to draw the study sample. Data was collected through an intraoral examination of occlusal status and the malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was assessed through use of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Questionnaires were developed to collect information on the learners’ health status and socio demographic profile. The results indicated that 144 (53.3%) of the 270 learners had DAI scores &lt;25 (no abnormality or minor malocclusion not requiring orthodontic treatment); 26 learners (9.6%) had DAI scores of between 26-30 (definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic treatment); 59 learners (21.9%) had DAI scores of between 31-35 (severe malocclusion requiring orthodontic treatment); and 41 learners (15.2%) had DAI scores &gt;36 (very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment). There was an increase in the proportion of malocclusion in older children. The age group of 15 years old had a mean and standard deviation of 30.02+8.9 when compared to the age group 13 years old (27.76+12.17). The association between gender distribution and severity of malocclusion was found to be statistically significant (p=0.01). The present study primarily indicated a significant prevalence of malocclusion in the identified children. Although 53.3% of children did not require treatment, 37.1% presented with severe and handicapping malocclusion. This suggests a definite and mandatory treatment need for this group of children. The study could provide useful baseline epidemiological data that could inform oral health planning on the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need for 13-15 year-old school going children in the identified geographical area.

Impact of malocclusion on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of 8 to 10 years old school children

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Objective: To investigate the impact of malocclusion on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of school children.&#x0D; Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among four hundred and twenty five (425) 8-10 years school pupils in Lagos Nigeria. Malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index while OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10). Data entry and analyses was done with SPSS Version 23.0. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05.&#x0D; Results: Gender distribution of the study population was; 48.8% (208) males and 51.2% (217) females. The mean age of the participants was 9.23±0.83 and their median age was 9 years. The prevalence of malocclusion according to DAI was 25.9%. Over 70% of the children were found to have no/ or slight need for orthodontic treatment (DAI score &lt; 25), elective treatment was needed in 19.1% of subjects (DAI score 25-30), while in 6.8% of the surveyed population; treatment was highly desirable/mandatory. The differences in the prevalence of malocclusion among the different age groups was observed to be statistically significant (P = 0.038). The overall mean CPQ 8-10 was 19.51±17.1. There was no statistically significant difference in mean CPQ scores between gender (P=0.565), age (P=0.524) and severity of malocclusion (P=0.296)&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in this study was 25.9% with an overall mean CPQ of 19.51±17.1. Higher mean CPQ values were observed with females, older age group and subjects with DAI 31- 35; however, it was not statistically significant.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Impact of malocclusion severity on the quality of life of non-white adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of malocclusion severity on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of non-white adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 585 non-white Brazilian adolescents (12-15 years). The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used for the clinical assessment of malocclusion and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) on OHRQoL. Deep bite and transverse occlusal relationships were assessed in association with the DAI. The adolescents with DAI 3 and 4 were distributed into 4 groups: G1 - individuals without transverse occlusal relationships or deep bite; G2 - individuals with only posterior crossbite; G3 - individuals with only deep bite; and G4 - individuals with Brodie bite. The backward stepwise procedure was used to select variables on each level, eliminating variables with a p≤0.20. From the logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The adolescents with severe malocclusion divided into the G2, G3 and G4 showed p-value of 0.0501, 0.1475, and 0.5407, respectively, but did not remain in the final model. Malocclusion severity had no impact on the OHRQoL of non-white adolescents.

Alterations of oral functions and dental malocclusions in adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study.

This article aims to assess whether alterations of oral functions (AOF) are associated with malocclusion (MO)'s type and severity. Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 332 adolescents aged 12 years in São Luís-MA, Northeastern Brazil. MO criteria included Angle's classification, Dental Aesthetic Index, and other morphological problems. The AOF were evaluated by breathing, phonation, chewing, and swallowing. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using logistic and multinomial regression analyses (α=5%). Mouth breathing was associated with defined (OR=3.84; 95%CI=1.45-10.12), disabling (OR=4.34; 95%CI=1.99-9.49), and class III (OR=4.15; 95%CI=1.19-14.54) MO. Phonation problems were associated with defined (OR=2.01; 95%CI=1.02-4.39), disabling (OR=3.04; 95%CI=1.55-5.96), and Class II (OR=2.02; 95%CI=1.28-3.18) MO. Chewing disorders were associated with posterior crossbite (PCB) (OR=2.32; 95%CI=1.12-4.82). Swallowing disorders were associated with Class III MO (OR=5.66; 95%CI=1.35-23.71), PCB (OR=6.13; 95%CI=2.76-13.62), and posterior open bite (OR=4.53; 95%CI=1.72-8.92). Breathing and phonation alterations are associated with MO in anterior arch segments, while chewing and swallowing disorders, in the posterior segments.