Density Of Solid Particles Research Articles

Propagation of shock wave in a non-ideal dusty gas in rotating medium using Lie group theoretic method: Isothermal flow

This paper concerns with the similarity solutions using Lie group theoretic method for one-dimensional unsteady isothermal flow behind the shock wave in the mixture of non-ideal gas and small solid particles in rotating medium. Group theoretic technique brings the different possible cases of potential solutions with the power law, particular case of power law and exponential law shock paths with the different choices of constants present in the generators of the Lie group of transformations. Similarity solutions for non-ideal dusty gas (a mixture of non-ideal gas and small solid dust particles) exist if the density of the ambient medium is constant. Solutions are obtained for both exponential law and power law shock paths. The effects of the variation of the physical parameters on the flow variables distribution behind the shock wave front, and on the shock are discussed. The shock strength increases with an increase in the ratio of the specific heat of the solid particles to the specific heat of the gas at constant volume [Formula: see text], the initial azimuthal velocity variation index [Formula: see text], and the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas [Formula: see text]. The shock wave decays with an increase in the value of gas non-idealness parameter [Formula: see text].

Assessment of turbulent contact absorber hydrodynamics with application in carbon capture

Chemical gas–liquid absorption systems are one of the most employed technologies for CO2 removal from post-combustion processes, due to the high capture efficiency. This work presents a complex hydrodynamics model used to describe a novel CO2 capture technique that relies on the use of a three phase, gas–solid-liquid absorption column, in which the gas phase acts as the continuous phase, the liquid as the dispersed phase and the low-density solid particles are inert.To determine and analyze the hydrodynamic parameters of the process: minimum fluidization velocity, fluidized bed height, pressure drop, fluid retention, an air–water system was used. The developed hydrodynamics model was validated against experimental data from a pilot column (correlation coefficients above 0.97).For the study of the chemisorption process, the liquid phase consists of NaOH solution and the gas phase is a mixture of CO2 and air. The implementation of the hydrodynamic model along with the mass transfer model contributes to increasing the correlation coefficient for the outlet CO2 concentration to a value above 0.99. In this case, the increased value of the mass transfer area leads to a value up to 10 times higher of the transferred flow of carbon dioxide between the two phases, compared to regular packed bed columns.The model proves useful in the analysis of the influence of liquid phase and solid phase characteristics on the system’s performance. The results show that the capture rate is highly dependent on the fluidized bed height. Increasing the size or density of solid particles leads to a decrease in the height of the fluidized bed resulting in a 20 – 40% decrease in the carbon capture rate.

Variability in the Solid Particle Density and Its Influence on the Corresponding Void Ratio and Dry Density: A Case Study Conducted on the MBT Reject Waste Stream from the MBT Plant in Marišćina, Croatia

In this study, a functional relationship between the solid particle density (ρs), void ratio e, and dry density (ρd) of mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) municipal solid waste (MSW) was examined. In total, 60 waste specimens were tested with an air pycnometer device and corresponding triplets (e, ρd,and ρs) of values were obtained. In addition, a long-term oedometer test with an allowed decomposition process was also conducted. Based on the obtained results, the variability in the solid particle density caused by heterogeneity and decomposition, as well as its influence on the corresponding void ratio and dry density values, were critically evaluated. The obtained results showed that the variability in the solid particle density caused by waste heterogeneity had a significant influence on the initial void ratio value. Furthermore, the obtained results also showed that the change in the solid particle density, caused by the degradation process, had a significant impact on the final void ratio and dry density values. In addition, an empirical relationship, ρd=fe, was proposed. The proposed function allows a landfill operator to establish the corresponding dry density at an arbitrary chosen void ratio, and vice versa, without having the exact knowledge of the corresponding solid particle density value.

Justification of the upper limit of slope formation when washing the tail storage tiers

Purpose. The method of determining the distance from the inner facelower edge of the embankment dam along the level of the wash to the point where particles of a given density and size will begin to fall from the flow to the dusting surface of the of washout, taking into account the flow rate and concentration of the water mixture, the slope of dusting surface of washout and the coefficient of friction of the soil from which it was formed in the article, for the conditions of collecting waste from mineral raw materials processing into artificial storages using hydraulic methods. Methodology. In contrast to existing methods, the approach used in the article provides for the upper limit determination of the particles concentration zone of a specific fraction, determined taking into account the critical flow regime, when the speed at which particles fall out of the flow is determined by the hydraulic particle size and the slope of the bottom surface flow. Results. The dependence of the relative upper limit of the slope during washing formation of the layer on the solid fraction parameters, the flow rate and the volumetric concentration of the water mixture coming from the pipeline was established. The dependence has a maximum, the parameters of which are determined by the density, diameter and friction coefficient of solid particles, as well as the value of the flow of the water mixture distributed along the length of the beachis shown. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the technique takes into account the influence on the material fractionation process of both particle density and their diameters. This makes it possible to calculate the occurrence of man-made deposits limits and predict the parameters and characteristics of man-made deposits formed in mineral raw material processing waste storages. Practical significance. For the first time it is possible to determine on the dusting surface of washout where the zones in which the particles of only one fraction are concentrated intersect, though it is possible to calculate the areas with a combined concentration of several fractions particles with the help of the formulas given in the article.

Correlations between field capacity, porosity, solid particle density and dry density of a mechanically and biologically (biodried) treated reject waste stream

Several parameters are crucial for the proper functioning of bioreactor landfills (BL): field capacity (θk), porosity (n), solid particle density (ρs) and dry density (ρd). This paper considers the correlations between parameters, as measured on mechanically and biologically treated waste stream suitable for a BL. In total, 53 waste samples were tested and the n, ρs and ρd values were recorded. The related θk values were calculated from the modified ρdvs. θk relationship, published by Fungaroli and Steiner (1979). Through modified expressions, the following relationships were derived: second degree polynomial n vs. θk and first degree polynomial ρsvs. θk. In addition, the first degree polynomial ρdvs. n is proposed. The outlined relationships clearly highlight the contribution of n and ρs on corresponding θk values. Therefore, for optimal operating conditions of the BL, continuous monitoring of the mentioned parameters and proper adjustment of the θk value is necessary.

Flow behind an exponential shock wave in a perfectly conducting mixture of micro size small solid particles and non-ideal gas with azimuthal magnetic field

Unsteady adiabatic and isothermal flows behind an exponential spherical or cylindrical shock wave in a perfectly conducting mixture of micro size small solid particles and non-ideal gas under the influence of azimuthal magnetic field is investigated. The moving piston drives the shock wave. The azimuthal magnetic field in the ambient medium is assumed to be varying according to exponential laws. In our study, micro size solid particles are taken to be pseudo-fluid with the supposition that the equilibrium conditions for flow are maintained in the entire flow- field region, and the heat conduction and the viscous-stress of the conducting mixture are negligible. In both the isothermal and adiabatic cases, similarity solutions are obtained by taking into consideration the magnetic field and compressibility. The effects on the shock wave propagation and on the flow variables by the ratio of the density of micro size solid particles to the initial density of the gas Ga as well as by the non-idealness parameter δ of the gas in the conducting mixture, by the mass concentration λp of micro size solid particles in the conducting mixture and by the adiabatic exponent γ are worked out in detail. A relationship between the solutions in the cases of isothermal and adiabatic flows is made. It is found that due to the thought of zero temperature gradient the flow variables fluid velocity, density and magnetic field and shock strength decrease. Also, it is important to note down that the shock wave strength enhances with an increase in Gaor due to change in geometry from cylindrical to spherical; whereas it decreases with an increase in the non-idealness parameterδ or the strength of ambient magnetic field MA−2or the adiabatic exponent γ .

Effect of Solid Particles on the Gas Hold Up in the Fluidized Bed Columns: Experimental and Mathematical Studies

The present research investigated the effect of solid properties on the gas holdup of the fluidization bed bubble columns (FBCS). All experiments were performed in the constant clear tap water of 80 cm height. The range of solid particle diameters was 0.7 – 2 mm with two different densities of 1075 and 1200 kg/m3, superficial air velocities 4 – 7 cm/s. It was observed that there are proportional relationships between superficial gas velocity and particle diameter with the gas holdup. While an inverse relationship between solid concentration and particle density with the gas holdup. Mathematical and statistical analysis was also used as a powerful way to represent the gas hold up as a function of different operating conditions.

Exponential shock wave in perfectly conducting self-gravitating rotational axi-symmetric dusty gas with magnetic field, radiative and conductive heat fluxes

In the present paper, we study the exponential shock propagation in a self-gravitating rotational axisymmetric perfectly conducting mixture of van der Waal gas and solid particles with magnetic field either axial or azimuthal and radiative and conductive heat fluxes. In our model, the solid particles are distributed continuously in the mixture and are chemically inert, and the equilibrium conditions for flow are preserved in the entire region of flow field behind shock wave. In a thick gray gas model case, the radiation is assumed to be of diffusion type. The Fourier's heat conduction law is used to express the heat conduction. The effects of the problem parameters variations are discussed. It is shown that the density of micro size solid particles to the gas initial density ratio or the gravitational parameter or the rotational parameter or the gas adiabatic index has effects to enhance the shock wave strength. Also, it is derived that an increase in the nonidealness of the gas, Alfvén Mach number, and the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture have decaying effects on the strength of shock wave. It is shown that the shock wave is stronger when magnetic field is axial and weaker for azimuthal magnetic field.

Design and Investigation of a 3D-Printed Micro-Fluidized Bed

Micro-fluidized bed has aroused much attention due to its low-cost, intensified-process and fast-screening properties. In this paper, a micro-fluidized bed (15 × 15 mm in cross-section) was designed and fabricated with the use of the stereolithography printing technique, for the investigation of bubbles’ hydrodynamics and comparison of the solids (3D-printed particles VS fungal pellets) fluidization characteristics. In a liquid–gas system, bubble flow regime started from mono-dispersed homogeneous regime, followed by poly-dispersed homogeneous regime, transition bubble regime and heterogeneous bubble regime with increasing gas flowrates from 3.7 mL/min to 32.7 mL/min. The impacts from operating parameters such as gas flowrate, superficial liquid velocity and gas sparger size on bubble size, velocity and volume fraction have been summarized. In liquid–solid fluidization, different solid fluidization regimes for both particles bed and pellets bed were identified. From the bed expansion results, much higher Umf of 7.8 mm/s from pellets fluidization was observed compared that of 2.3 mm/s in particles fluidization, because the hyphal structures of fungal pellets increased surface friction but also tended to agglomerate. The similar R–Z exponent n (5.7 and 5.5 for pellets and particles, respectively) between pellets and particles was explained by the same solid diameter, but much higher Ut of 436 µm/s in particles bed than that of 196 µm/s in pellets bed is a consequence of the higher density of solid particles. This paper gives insights on the development of MFB and its potential in solid processing.

Physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of landfilled waste from Campina Grande, Brazil.

The properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills vary considerably, depending on the waste's composition, time, and density. This variability in MSW properties leads to many uncertainties in the analysis of landfill performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate landfilled waste's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties for 8 days. Throughout this study, it was possible to investigate the gravimetric composition, density of solid particles, moisture content, volatile solids, pH, total alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), grain size distribution, compaction properties, and shear strength of the landfilled waste. It was found that 71% of the waste corresponds to the denominated "others" category, the content of fine materials is 65%, the optimum water content is 34%, the moisture content is 41%, and the volatile solids is 67%. The chemical parameters indicated that the MSW was in the initial phase of biodegradation (acidogenesis), as the pH, total alkalinity, COD, and N-NH3 showed to be 5, 1575 mgCaCO3.L-1, 13698.6 mgO2.L-1, and 56 mgN-NH3.L-1, respectively. On the mechanical aspect, the waste presented a cohesion of 17 kPa and an internal friction angle of 16°. In general, the results showed that the waste's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties altered during the landfilling process.

Determination of the parameters of suspended particles using acoustic radiation

The flow of a gas or liquid can be visualized by detecting and analyzing sequential images of the particle distribution on the surface of the object under study through the determination of the motion parameters. However, this approach does not provide estimation of the mass and density of solid particles along with visualization of their distribution. We present the results of determining the mass and density of suspended particles using additional irradiation of the particle flux with acoustic radiation. The technique is based on the use of the method of visual processing of images of particle flows entrained by an acoustic field of a given frequency and amplitude for at least two periods of acoustic vibrations. Relaxation of the particles in the measuring plane «cut out» by the light «knife» was also taken into account. The basic mathematical expressions required for estimation of the mass, density, velocity field and shape of the particles using digital image processing and temperature measurement in the flow area are presented. The block diagram and design of the device used for the implementation of the proposed diagnostic method are presented. This technique can be used to determine the parameters of suspended particles in medicine, biology, ecology, powder metallurgy and other fields of science and technology.

Modified dynamic boundary conditions (mDBC) for general-purpose smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH): application to tank sloshing, dam break and fish pass problems

Dynamic boundary conditions (DBC) for solid surfaces are standard in the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code DualSPHysics. A stationary solid is simply represented by fixed particles with pressure from the equation of state. Boundaries are easy to set up and computations are relatively stable and efficient, providing robust numerical simulation for complex geometries. However, a small unphysical gap between the fluid and solid boundaries can form, decreasing the accuracy of pressures measured on the boundary. A method is presented where the density of solid particles is obtained from ghost positions within the fluid domain by linear extrapolation. With this approach, the gap between fluid and boundary is reduced and pressures in still water converge to hydrostatic, including the case of a bed with a sharp corner. The violent free-surface cases of a sloshing tank and dam break impact on an obstacle show pressures measured directly on solid surfaces in close agreement with experiments. The complex 3-D flow in a fish pass, with baffles to divert the flow, is simulated showing close agreement with measured water levels with weirs open and gates closed, but less close with gates open and weirs closed. This indicates the method is suitable for rapidly varying free-surface flows, but development for complex turbulent flows is necessary. The code with the modified dynamic boundary condition (mDBC) is available in DualSPHysics to run on CPUs or GPUs.

Similarity solution for magnetogasdynamic shock wave in a perfectly conducting dusty gas with axial or azimuthal magnetic field in rotating medium under the influence of radiative and conductive heat fluxes

The effect of magnetic field, the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas, non-idealness of the gas, mass concentration of micro size solid particles, adiabatic exponent, and the heat transfer parameters effect on one-dimensional shock wave propagation in a dusty gas with conductive and radiative heat fluxes in the presence of azimuthal or axial magnetic field in rotating medium have been investigated for cylindrical geometry. By using the similarity method a system of ordinary differential equations are derived from the system of governing equations of motion. The dusty gas is taken to be perfectly conducting mixture of non-ideal gas and small inert solid particles of micro size, in which solid particles are continuously distributed. It is understood that variable energy input is constantly supplied by the moving piston and the equilibrium flow conditions are maintained in the whole flow-field region. The results of numerical integration for the system of ordinary differential equations show that the magnetic field, mass concentration of solid particles, the ratio of the solid particles density to the gas initial density, non-idealness of the gas, adiabatic exponent and the heat transfer parameters have strong influence on the shock wave and on the flow variables. It is found that the presence of magnetic field, an increase in conductive and radiative heat transfer parameters and non-idealness of the gas have decaying effect on the shock wave; whereas the ratio of the solid particles density to the gas initial density or the adiabatic exponent have effect to increase the shock strength.

Promjene u fizikalnim svojstvima tla nakon zarastanja livadnih pašnjaka sukcesijskim travama

This study investigated the changes in soil physical properties after the abandonment of haypastures dominated by Helictotrichon pubescens and subsequent colonization by successional grasses Brachypodium pinnatum and Calamagrostis epigejos. We also investigated if there are linear relationships among the soil physical properties in the studied soils, and the results of the soil chemical property analysis were used as an aid in the interpretation of these relationships. The studied soil was calcocambisol on limestone. Soil samples were collected in disturbed and undisturbed state, and the differences among them were analysed by Mann-Whitney U test, whereas the relationships between soil properties were analysed with simple linear regression models. Soil solid particle density was higher in the B horizons of successional grasslands (median=2.61 g/cm3) than in those of haypastures (median=2.54 g/cm3). The A horizons of haypastures were barely 2–3 cm deep, whereas under successional grasses their depth reached as much as 25 cm. At the same soil depth (10–12 cm), the soil colonized by successional grasses had higher total porosity (median=53.3%) and lower bulk density (median=1.18 g/cm3) than those of haypasture soil (medians of 45.1% and 1.41 g/cm3, respectively). Soil total porosity and water holding capacity were positively linearly associated (r2= 0.71, P<0.0001), but they were both negatively associated with bulk density (r2=0.98 and r2=0.67, respectively, P<0.0001), which was due to strong control of humus over the soil physical properties. We showed that the prevailing grassland type should not be ignored when studying physical properties of a specific soil type.

Theoretical bases of hydraulic mixture in round cylindrical pipelines

Hydro transport is characterized by the combined movement of liquid and solid particles, which in a mixture form two-phase or multiphase flows with different physical and mechanical properties. One of the main tasks of hydraulic transport is to study the throughput of pipelines, where taking into account the distribution of sediment concentration over the cross section of the pipeline formed under the influence of gravitational force is of great importance in describing the nature of the two-phase flow. Pressure-bearing suspended flows in hydro transport systems are usually characterized by high volumetric concentrations and a wide range of sizes and densities of solid particles that are part of hydraulic mixtures. The flows under consideration are more complex in their structure than turbulent flows of homogeneous liquids in pipes. Therefore, the methods for calculating these flows are much more complicated than the usual methods of hydraulics of pressure flows of homogeneous liquids. To develop scientif-ically based methods for calculating the parameters of the movement of hydraulic mixtures in pipes, widely used the averaged equations of the weighted flow and experimental data. When moving slurries through pipes, gravity plays a significant role. The article discusses the influence of gravity on the throughput of pressure systems with different slopes and obtains new dependences of the flow rate of turbid flow on the slope of the pressure pipe.

Influence of operating conditions of milled peat jet transport on relative sliding of air and solid phases

Air-and-peat mixture in horizontal jet transport pipeline is considered as a compressible two-component mixture with uniform distribution of solid peat particles in continuous air phase. Such heterogeneous medium flow is substituted for a flow of interpenetrating air phase and a quasi-solid phase approximating the flow of discrete particles. Such approach makes it possible to write individual equations of continuity and motion for each phase, but it is required to introduce the forces of aerodynamic interference at the phase boundaries in the motion equations. From the analysis of the known theoretical and experimental research data on jet transport of granular materials, it is possible to identify some parameters such that variation of any of these parameters changes the jet transport energy consumption. Such parameters are: jet capacity per mass of air and solid, Qair and Qs (kg/s) or input-output characteristic of mass concentration, μ = Qs/Qair; reduced velocities of air, Vair, solid particles, Vs, and soaring, Vsn, hereinafter called the flow-rate mode parameters, as well as the size and density of solid particles and the profile of the jet pipeline route. The flow-rate mode parameters are simply registered in the jet transport tests. The numerical determination procedure of the actual operating conditions of milled peat jet transport is justified. The known experimental data on jet transport of milled and treated peat are processed. It is found that the relative sliding ratio is functionally connected with all operating conditions in horizontal jet transport. The change of any parameter or their combination induces transition to air-and-peat mixture flow with various relative sliding of air and solid phases at different energy consumption of horizontal jet transport.

Effect of Operational Parameters on Three-Phase Air-Lift Pump Performance (Dept.M)

Air-lift pump is a type of deep wells pumps. Sometimes, it can be used for removing water from mines or to pump slurry of sand and water or other solutions. The performance of air-lift pumps depends mainly on the operational parameters such as air volumetric flux, nature of lifted water and solid. The main objective of the present work is to study theoretically the air-lift pump performance under variety of operational parameters. A mathematical model simulating the performance of air-lift pump under various operational parameters was developed. A computer program was developed to solve the governing equation. The model results were compared with available published data for validation. There was a good agreement between the present results and the published data. The effects of operational parameters on the air-lift pump performance are predicated and plotted against the water volumetric flux and pump efficiency. The results showed that the water volumetric flux and pump efficiency increased gradually reaching a maximum value some where between 1 to 4 m/s, then slightly decrease with increasing the air volumetric flux. The water volumetric flux and pump efficiency decrease linearly with increasing the solid particles volumetric flux. The predicted results show that the solid particles density and diameter had slight effects on the pump performance.

A review on hydrodynamic parameters and biofilm characteristics of inverse fluidized bed bioreactors for treating industrial wastewater

Abstract Wastewater treatment processes play crucial role in keeping the human health and environment at proper hygiene. Currently, biological wastewater treatment methods are dominant in the effluent treatment process because of their cost-effectiveness in the treatment. However, the rapid increase in population has created a need for the implementation of highly efficient wastewater treatment methods. In the recent past, the treatment of wastewater through fluidized-bed bioreactor has proven as one of the best processes from the currently available methods of chemical and biochemical engineering fields. This review aims to explore and compile the methods of fluidization used for the treatment of wastewater in the recent past, majorly by the inverse fluidization method. In the inverse fluidization process, the density of solid particles utilized in the fluidization is lower than that of the liquid and compared to an up-flow fluidized bed bioreactor, and it is a very effective system for biological wastewater treatment. This review discusses the developments made in recent years with regard to aerobic inverse fluidized bed bioreactors, with more emphasis placed on the reported applications on treating industrial wastewaters. The influence of hydrodynamic parameters (minimum fluidization velocity, phase holdup, bed expansion, and bed height, pressure drop, superficial gas velocity, liquid velocity, hydraulic retention time, biofilm carriers and ratio of volume of settled bed to the volume of reactor) are highlighted in the discussion, and also the effect of these parameters on the biofilm and its subsequent effect on wastewater is included. Recent trends of application of aerobic inverse fluidized bed bioreactors for the removal of COD and scope of future study elements have been discussed in this manuscript.

Spherical and cylindrical shocks in a non-ideal dusty gas with magnetic field under the action of heat conduction and radiation heat flux

In this article, the propagation of spherical or cylindrical shock waves in a mixture of small solid particles of microsize and a non-ideal gas with conductive as well as radiative heat fluxes are studied under the influence of an azimuthal or axial magnetic field. The solid particles are uniformly distributed in the mixture, and the shock wave is assumed to be driven by a piston. It is assumed that the equilibrium flow conditions are maintained and the moving piston continuously supplies the variable energy input. The density of the undisturbed medium is assumed to be constant in order to obtain the self-similar solutions. Heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier’s law, and the radiation is considered to be of diffusion type for an optically thick gray gas model. The thermal conductivity and the absorption coefficient are assumed to vary with temperature and density. Numerical calculations have been performed to obtain the flow profiles of variables. The effects of different values of the non-idealness parameter, the strength of the magnetic field, the mass concentration, the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas, the piston velocity index, and the adiabatic index are shown in detail. It is interesting to note that in the presence of an azimuthal magnetic field, the pressure and density vanish at the piston, and hence, a vacuum is formed at the center of symmetry, which is in excellent agreement with the laboratory condition to produce the shock wave. The author of the article agrees to the retraction of the article effective AUGUST 20, 2021.

Determination of characteristic properties of mineral suspension for calculating the particle velocity

Calculations of hydraulic devices for separating mineral suspensions and extracting valuable components and waste are based on determining the speed of constrained deposition and surfacing of particles. When determining the speed, it is necessary to know such characteristics of the suspension as viscosity, porosity, density. The article offers a method for analytical calculation of these indicators. Its peculiarity is that the definition of these characteristics is associated with only one parameter – the volume density of the medium (substance). It is easily determined in practice by weighing a sample of suspension in a container of a known volume. This method is illustrated by the characteristics of two water-based mineral suspensions: with a solid particle density of 2.55 g / cm3 (ash and slag waste from a thermal power plant) and a density of 2.0 g/cm3 (crushed tuff). For these suspensions, the approximate dependences of these characteristics on the density of the medium (substance) are established. It is established that the application of the most common suspension model in the form of a discrete cellular structure provides acceptable limitations of the studied characteristics. The obtained values are within the scope of typical indicators of mineral pulps in the working zone of hydro-classifiers and hydro-separators. However, a number of well-known formulas for the speed of restricted movement that use this model are unacceptable for calculating hydraulic devices since they take into account inflated values of characteristics. The described method can be used for dispersed systems of two or more phases, for example, using weighted average values of components. The proposed method for calculating the characteristics of suspensions is suitable for practical use, given that the hydraulic apparatus receives already classified raw materials and the particles have a small variation in shape and size. The obtained analytical dependences of suspension characteristics on density are used for calculating speed of both constrained and free movement of particles, which is the basis for determining technological and design parameters in the design of hydraulic devices and apparatuses.