Dense Layer Research Articles

Evaluation of macular and optic nerve head changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucomatous eyes

Background Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is introduced as a safe, noninvasive, and dye-free technology that provides an assessment of both large vessels and microvasculature of the retina and some parts of the choriocapillaris. Measuring vessel densities using OCTA at both the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucomatous eyes and comparing them with those of normal eyes will give us an idea about the effect of glaucoma on vessel densities and the role of OCTA in controlling and monitoring glaucoma progression, which remains despite the various medical and surgical treatment options, the second most common reason of blindness worldwide. Aims The current study aimed to assess vessel densities in glaucomatous patients at both the macula and ONH and compare them with vessel densities of normal participants and to assess if OCTA can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Settings and design Case–control study. Patients and methods The study enrolled 60 patients who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 30 patients with any type of glaucoma and group 2 included 30 normal participants. OCTA was performed on all of them to assess the macular and ONH vessel densities. Results Glaucomatous patients showed decreased vessel density at the macula and the ONH. The vessel densities at the foveal and all quadrants of parafoveal regions of the macula were decreased when compared with vessel densities of normal participants. Vessel densities at all quadrants of the peripapillary region also decreased when compared with those of normal participants with a strong positive correlation between average peripapillary vessel density and average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Conclusions Both macular vessel density and ONH vessel density are affected in glaucoma and that may play a role in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.

Laser-optical technologies for space debris removal

Technologies for the removal of space debris fragments of artificial (man-made) origin from near-Earth space is being proposed in order to provide the security of space flights. The fundamental principle of the proposed method is based on the utilization of intense solar radiation to direct and concentrate at space debris fragments with the aim of creating a plasma braking and transferring the fragment from a circular to an elliptical orbit following its subsequent burn up in the dense layers of the atmosphere. At the same time, the generation of substantial solar radiation is facilitated by a synthesized multi-aperture optical system situated in a heliosynchronous space orbit and permanently oriented towards the Sun.

High-accuracy gearbox fault detection using deep learning on vibrational data

Abstract In the face of escalating demands for reliability in industrial machinery, this study introduces an advanced deep-learning model aimed at the early detection of faults in rotating gear systems. Addressing the need for timely fault diagnosis to prevent operational disruptions and financial setbacks, our work utilizes a novel neural network approach applied to vibrational data from Kaggle’s Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Dataset. The methodology involves data preprocessing steps, including normalization and one-hot encoding, followed by training a sequential neural network with multiple dense layers and dropout for regularization. The model, trained using the Adam optimizer and evaluated over 50 epochs, significantly outperforms traditional machine learning techniques, achieving a remarkable 98.63% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and compromised gear conditions. This research marks a significant stride in predictive maintenance, providing a robust foundation for future development toward prognostic health management systems that anticipate maintenance needs and ensure uninterrupted industrial productivity.

Wettability regulation of the electric double-layer structural evolution of complex fluids: Insights into thermodynamic and electrical properties

Understanding the structural evolution at the electrode is essential for accurate prediction of complex fluid applications, where the carbon nanotube is chosen as the carrier of CO2-ionic liquids (ILs) in electroreduction. Then, the electrical double layer with tunable wettability is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The competition and cooperation between van der Waals and Coulomb interactions are evaluated by examining the structural and electric characteristics. When an external potential (φ) is initiated, the co-ions are repelled from the electrode and the counter-ions compete with CO2 in the electric double layer (EDL), with different thermodynamics produced by varying the proportion of CO2/ionic liquid. As the solid–liquid interaction parameter (β) increases, more counter-ions aggregate, producing double density peaks for Tf2N− and sharply increasing the density of CO2. With increases in β and φ, the local charge density and local field potential increase, and the EDL thickness decreases. However, the location of the CO2 density layer shifts ahead to the counter-ions, weakening their shielding effect and capacitance. Using a combination of structural analysis, the first and second peaks of Tf2N− of EDL are composed of sulfonyl and trifluoromethyl, respectively. As a response, the steric hindrance of CO2 decreases, and more molecules migrate to the surface in a parallel orientation. The structural evolution is quantitatively evaluated in terms of the entropy, results show that the orientation transition is prominent in structural evolution. The coupling relation between thermodynamic and electrical properties plays a pivotal role in determining the structural evolution of complex mixtures, and these findings could benefit the advancement of ILs-based CO2 electroreduction and other complex fluid applications.

Effect of The Density and Height of F2 layer on Ground-Based Observation of Jupiter's Radio Signal

The density and height of the ionospheric F2 layer affect the observation of Jupiter's radio signals. The study aims to determine an approximate observation threshold from the values of the F2 peak density and the height of the F2 peak. The Florida and Lamy stations in the USA were selected. Utilizing actual observation data of Jupiter's radio signals from the Radio JOVE Data Archive for the years 2014-2015. The Radio Jove Pro software was employed to predict radio emissions from Jupiter. Ionospheric data were sourced from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) website. The primary focus of this study is to examine the role of the ionosphere in blocking the radio signals emanating from Jupiter. It was found that 49% and 31% (for the Florida and Lamy stations, respectively) of the predicted radio emission events from Jupiter were not observed. The likelihood of observation is higher after sunset and depends on Jupiter's elevation above the horizon relative to the observer. The F2 peak density during nighttime and throughout the year ranged from approximately 1011 to 1012 m-3 at altitudes of about 260-360 km. 89% and 98% (for the Florida and Lamy stations, respectively) of the observations occurred when the F2 peak density was less than around 6×1011 m-3. In contrast, 80% and 56% (for the Florida and Lamy stations, respectively) of the cases of non-observation occurred when the F2 peak density was greater than approximately 6×1011 m-3. As for The height of the F2 peak (hmF2), 85% and 93% of the observations occurred when the hmF2 was greater than about 300 km for the Florida and Lamy stations, respectively. The probability of observation is significantly influenced by the relationship between the electron density and its corresponding altitude.

Dependence of high temperature tribological performance of MoS2-based composites on type of oxides

As a solid lubricating material with excellent anti-friction and anti-wear performance, MoS2 is prone to oxidation in high temperature and atmospheric environment, which leads to the deterioration of lubricating performance and the decrease of service life. The addition of nano-particle oxides can improve the high-temperature lubricating performance of MoS2-based solid lubricating materials to some extent, but the effects of different nanoparticles oxides under the same test condition is still unclear. The effects of nano-particles oxides (TiO2, Cr2O3, Al2O3 and ZrO2) on the tribological performance of MoS2-based composites at 450 °C were compared. It was shown that MoS2-TiO2 exhibited the best high temperature tribological properties, and its average friction coefficient was about 0.26, which was about 26 % and 10 % lower than that of 718 substrate and MoS2, respectively. Here we attempted to propose a new concept of correlative potential to explain the lubricating difference of binary oxides under high temperature. The good tribological performance of MoS2-TiO2 at high temperature was attributed to the low correlative potential of TiO2 nanoparticles and the dense tribo-oxide layer formed at the friction interface that reduce the shearing of the rubbing interface. The research results can provide reference for the selection and design of MoS2-based composites, and also enrich the theory of high temperature tribology.

Article Review: Histologic Structure of Stomach in Carnivores

Aims of this review to explain a histological features note in some carnivores. To supply data about stomach wall structure for the surgery and medicine.This review for carnivores . The stomach wall in this carnivores consist from four tunics; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa while some dissimilar in some of tunic features, mainly in tunica mucosa ( lamina muscularis and stratum compactum). The stratum compactum found in the tunica mucosa of domestic cats resting on muscularis mucosa which made from of dense layer white fibers spread underneath mucosa which looked obviously in fundic gland region.

Drying model and drying characteristic analysis of multiphase porous medium for flake materials

The main purpose of this paper is to optimize the drying process and gain a fundamental understanding of the movement of different phases during the drying process of cigarette flakes. Therefore, the drying model of a multiphase porous medium for cigarette flakes has been established in this paper. Binary diffusion of water vapor and gas pressure transport, as well as capillary diffusion of liquid water and gas pressure transport, are considered in this model. The non-equilibrium equations are used to calculate the evaporation rate, and the fluxes of water vapor and liquid water are also obtained. The results indicated that the stochastic stacking model is suitable for studying cigarette flake drying. Because water evaporation absorbs more heat than hot air, the temperature of the cigarette flakes decreases during the drying process. The water activity, vapor density, and vapor mole fraction of the medium layer of cigarette flakes were significantly higher than those of the upper and lower layers. The highest water vapor and liquid water fluxes occur in the medium of the drying process. Additionally, it was observed that the saturated vapor pressure was higher than the equilibrium vapor pressure and steam pressure, non-equilibrium evaporation occurs in the medium of drying. The correlation between the evaporation rate and the drying temperature and humidity of the cigarette flakes was found to be positive.

Study on the working performance and microscopic mechanism of high-performance grouting material (HPGM) reinforced dense fine sand layer

To address the challenges of small diffusion radius, low early strength and long setting time of traditional cement grout in dense fine sand layer, based on the synergistic mechanism, a novel high-performance grouting material (HPGM) was developed using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA), and ultra-fine Portland cement (UFPC) as raw materials. Firstly, Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the working performance of HPGM under varying proportions. Secondly, based on the self-designed advanced small pipe grouting full-scale test device, the diffusion performance and reinforcement characteristics of HPGM under varying proportions were analyzed. Finally, the XRD and SEM testing methods were employed to elucidated the hydration mechanism of the HPGM. The test results indicate that as the mass ratio of GGBS to UFFA decreases, there is a gradual increase in hardening rate, fluidity and setting time of HPGM. Additionally, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) initially increase before decreasing. Furthermore, with the decreased mass ratio of GGBS to UFFA, the HPGM diffused in dense fine sand layer through compaction-splitting, permeation-splitting, and splitting grouting processes. The hydration products of the HPGM primarily consist of C(-A)-S-H, AFt, and Ca(OH)2, when the mass ratio of GGBS to UFFA falls within the range of 4:2–3:3, the UFFA facilitates the AFt hydration products in significant quantities. Its cementation and filling effect lead to the formation of a dense microstructure in the soil, resulting in a substantial reduction in permeability coefficient and a marked increase in UCS. The research findings can offer high-performance grouting material for underground engineering construction while also presenting innovative ideas for resource utilization from solid wastes like GGBS and UFFA.

Dopamine hydrochloride and L-arginine Co-functionalized halloysite nanotubes for modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane with improved separation performance

In recent years, a range of high-performance ultrafiltration membranes have been developed, but maintaining high retention without sacrificing high throughput remains a serious challenge. In this paper, functionalized halloysite nanotubes is constructed by copolymerization and by a one-step reaction of L-arginine and dopamine hydrochloride using halloysite nanotubes as carriers. Subsequently, modified polyethersulfone membranes are prepared by blending them as additives through non-solvent-induced phase transition separation. As the synthesized nanofillers is rich in functional groups, negative electronegativity, and unique structures, the study focuses on adding nanofillers’ effect on the membrane structure and physicochemical properties. The addition of appropriate nanofillers enhances the membrane surface wettability and negative electronegativity, and the enlarged internal pores and the dense layer that remains flat and homogeneous effectively promote the flux of small molecules, the retention of large molecules, and the cyclic stability of the membrane. The prepared polyethersulfone membranes demonstrate exceptional cycle stability, high separation efficiency (almost 100 % for Congo red), and significantly improved permeation performance (initial permeate flux up to 316.5 L m-2h−1). The results demonstrate the high potential of the modified prepared polyethersulfone membranes for pertinent environmental separation processes.

Achieving excellent mechanical and antioxidant properties in MoAlB ceramics through spark plasma sintering-high-frequency (SPS-HF) sintering

A fully dense MoAlB ceramic was synthesized utilizing MoAlB powder through SPS-HF technology. The Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength of the MoAlB ceramic reached 14.08 GPa, 6.70 MPa m1/2 and 407 MPa, respectively. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the MoAlB ceramic at room temperature were measured to be 3.20 × 106 S m−1 and 23.50 W m−1 K−1, respectively. The ceramic exhibited excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance at 800–1200 °C for up to 64 h. Even after 64 h of oxidation at 800 °C and 1000 °C, the thickness of the oxide layer was only 2.09 µm and 2.20 µm, respectively. The oxidation behavior was controlled by a diffusion process. The rapid formation of a continuous and dense Al2O3 oxide layer effectively inhibited the inward diffusion of oxygen and the oxide layer is well bonded to the matrix.

Stable RbCsFAPbI3 perovskite solar cell: numerical modelling and optimisation using SCAPS-1D

The studies concerning solar cell technology has consistently been captivating and inspiring, largely because of its environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics. The outstanding electronic, optical, mechanical, and electrical characteristics of perovskite materials make them crucial for the development of the photovoltaic industry. In order to model the mixed cation Rb0.05Cs0.1FA0.85PbI3 perovskite solar cells, the SCAPS-1D tool was used. The main feature of RbCsFAPbI3 perovskite is its remarkable stability, and wide bandgap. Rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) cations improve the optoelectronic characteristics of the material, resulting in less non-radiative recombination and improved charge transfer. In this work, the effects of different hole transport layers (CuSCN, CuSbS2,Cu2O) and back metal contacts (Ag, Fe, C-Cu, Au, Ni, Pt) on solar cell performance were investigated. The maximum efficiency of the solar cell has been achieved by studying various parameters like temperature, series resistance, shunt resistance, defect density, and absorber layer thickness. With FF = 84.12%, Jsc = 24.52 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.19 V, and the configuration of FTO/TiO2/RbCsFAPbI3/Cu2O/Au, the optimised device obtains a PCE of 24.64%. The impressive enhancements in performance parameters observed in the structure of the device make it highly suitable for applications in solar energy harvesting systems.

DVDS: A deep visual dynamic slam system

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) utilizing visual sensors represent an extensively investigated research area, holding significant potential for advancements in robotics and autonomous vehicular systems. Recently, dense SLAM systems underpinned by learning-based methodologies have showcased superior accuracy and robustness compared to conventional techniques. Nevertheless, contemporary learning-based SLAM systems exhibit notable discrepancies in pose estimation, particularly within dynamic environments. In addition, the constrained receptive field of convolutional features in these methods impedes their efficacy when confronted with homogeneous, texture-less images, rendering them vulnerable to noise perturbations. We develop a novel deep visual dynamic slam (DVDS) system that exploits solely static pixels within images to retrieve the camera poses. Specifically, we formulate a dynamic object exclusion mechanism that excises dynamic constituents within the scene before the optical flow computation, thus optimizing the precision of the estimation. In addition, we unveil an efficient dispersive transformer (DisFormer) that facilitates per-pixel features in assimilating long-range information from surrounding features, culminating in constructing more precise 4D correlation volumes. Building on the DisFormer, we suggest a Disformer-based gated recurrent unit (GRU) to generate a refined flow field coupled with a confidence map, which is subsequently employed by the dense bundle adjustment layer to iteratively rectify the residuals of inverse depths and associated camera poses. The global receptive field provided by the DisFormer promotes information integration from a wider contextual window, thus improving the robustness of our SLAM system. Comprehensive experiments underscore that our proposed DVDS system manifests superior efficacy compared with state-of-the-art works across both static and dynamic scenes.

Preparation and properties of CrNiWMoCoTi gradient high entropy alloy layer by plasma surface metallurgy

While titanium alloys excel in a number of ways, they have relatively weak wear resistance. To address this problem, this experiment is based on the research foundation of plasma metallurgy and high-entropy alloy (HEA). A continuous and dense CrNiWMoCoTi gradient HEA layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 by using the double glow plasma metallurgy technique, which significantly improves the wear resistance of TC4, and the HEA layer has a high bonding strength with the substrate. By studying the tissue morphology evolution and properties of the HEA layers under different holding times, it was found that all the HEA layers showed a composite reinforcing layer structure of deposited layer + diffused layer, forming an HEA layer with a gradient structure. The experimental results show that the bonding strength between the alloy layer and the matrix at a precisely regulated holding time of 3h, exhibiting a bonding force of about 63.3 N. Further analysis showed that the holding time had little effect on the phase composition of the HEA layer, and the main phases remained stable including fcc, bcc, hcp, AlMoTi2, and Co1.3Ni4.3Mo4.6 phases. With the adjustment of the holding time, the prepared HEA layers showed different degrees of improvement in terms of hardness and wear resistance. Particularly noteworthy is that the HEA layer held for 3 h excels in both properties, reaching 8.7 times the wear resistance and 1.5 times the hardness of the matrix TC4.

Numerical simulation of an externally heated fixed bed reactor for coal pyrolysis based on porous media

A cutting-edge three-dimensional transient model utilizing porous media has been developed to accurately simulate the pyrolysis process of externally heated coal. This innovative model comprehensively considers the evaporation and condensation of water, as well as the release of volatiles. In addition, it meticulously examines the change in coal seam porosity and the interphase heat transfer between pyrolysis gas and solid coal seam. The model's precision has been appropriately confirmed through validation against the central temperature evolution inside the experimental reactor. Notably, this model systematically illustrates various aspects, including the evolution of coal layer temperature, evaporation and moisture density, changes in coal layer density, porosity distribution, volatile release, and interphase heat transfer. The obtained results reveal that the heat absorption by moisture phase change causes the coal seam temperature to relatively stabilize at around the water boiling point for a period, thus delaying the initiation of the coal pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas released by center coal seam pyrolysis tends to flow radially toward the heating wall before flowing out of the reactor. Additionally, the change in coal seam porosity increases the heat transfer rate by an average of 1.5 °C/min during the rapid heating stage. The analysis also highlights the significant occurrence of interphase heat transfer throughout the pyrolysis process and elucidates its mechanism in various stages. Ultimately, this work offers essential theoretical guidance for the design, optimization, and scaling of subsequent externally heated fixed-bed coal pyrolysis reactors.

Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield Responses of Common Wheat to Foliar Application of Methylobacterium symbioticum under Decreasing Chemical Nitrogen Fertilization

Current agriculture intensifies crop cultivation to meet food demand, leading to unsustainable use of chemical fertilizers. This study investigates a few physiological and agronomic responses of common wheat following the inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce nitrogen inputs. A field trial was conducted in 2022–2023, in Legnago (Verona, Italy) on Triticum aestivum var. LG-Auriga comparing full (180 kg ha−1) and reduced (130 kg ha−1) N doses, both with and without foliar application at end tillering of the N-fixing bacterium Methylobacterium symbioticum. Biofertilization did not improve shoot growth, while it seldom increased the root length density in the arable layer. It delayed leaf senescence, prolonged photosynthetic activity, and amplified stomatal conductance and PSII efficiency under the reduced N dose. Appreciable ACC-deaminase activity of such bacterium disclosed augmented nitrogen retrieval and reduced ethylene production, explaining the ameliorated stay-green. Yield and test weight were unaffected by biofertilization, while both glutenin-to-gliadin and HMW-to-LMW ratios increased together with dough tenacity. It is concluded that Methylobacterium symbioticum can amplify nitrogen metabolism at a reduced nitrogen dose, offering a viable approach to reduce chemical fertilization under suboptimal growing conditions for achieving a more sustainable agriculture. Further research over multiple growing seasons and soil types is necessary to corroborate these preliminary observations.

Calibrating estimates of ionospheric long-term change

Abstract. Long-term reduction (∼20 km) in the height of the ionospheric F2 layer, hmF2, is predicted to result from increased levels of tropospheric greenhouse gases. Sufficiently long sequences of ionospheric data exist in order for us to investigate this long-term change, recorded by a global network of ionosondes. However, direct measurements of ionospheric-layer height with these instruments is not possible. As a result, most estimates of hmF2 rely on empirical formulae based on parameters routinely scaled from ionograms. Estimates of trends in hmF2 using these formulae show no global consensus. We present an analysis in which data from the Japanese ionosonde station at Kokubunji were used to estimate monthly median values of hmF2 using an empirical formula. These were then compared with direct measurements of the F2 layer height determined from incoherent-scatter measurements made at the Shigaraki MU Observatory, Japan. Our results reveal that the formula introduces diurnal, seasonal, and long-term biases in the estimates of hmF2 of ≈±10% (±25 km at an altitude of 250 km). These are of similar magnitude to layer height changes anticipated as a result of climate change. The biases in the formula can be explained by changes in thermospheric composition that simultaneously reduce the peak density of the F2 layer and modulate the underlying F1 layer ionization. The presence of an F1 layer is not accounted for in the empirical formula. We demonstrate that, for Kokobunji, the ratios of F2 / E and F2 / F1 critical frequencies are strongly controlled by changes in geomagnetic activity represented by the am index. Changes in thermospheric composition in response to geomagnetic activity have previously been shown to be highly localized. We conclude that localized changes in thermospheric composition modulate the F2 / E and F2 / F1 peak ratios, leading to differences in hmF2 trends. We further conclude that the influence of thermospheric composition on the underlying ionosphere needs to be accounted for in these empirical formulae if they are to be applied to studies of long-term ionospheric change.

Overcoming the Energy vs Power Dilemma in Commercial Li-Ion Batteries via Sparse Channel Engineering.

Improvements in both the power and energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will enable longer driving distances and shorter charging times for electric vehicles (EVs). The use of thicker and denser electrodes reduces LIB manufacturing costs and increases energy density characteristics at the expense of much slower Li-ion diffusion, higher ionic resistance, reduced charging rate, and lower stability. Contrary to common intuition, we unexpectedly discovered that removing a tiny amount of material (<0.4 vol %) from the commercial electrodes in the form of sparsely patterned conical pores greatly improves LIB rate performance. Our research revealed that upon commercial production of high areal capacity electrodes, a very dense layer forms on the electrode surface, which serves as a bottleneck for Li-ion transport. The formation of sparse conical pore channels overcomes such a limitation, and the facilitated ion transport delivers much higher power without reduction in the practically attainable energy. Diffusion and finite element method-based simulations provide deep insights into the fundamentals of ion transport in such electrode designs and corroborate the experimental findings. The reported insights provide a major thrust to redesigning automotive LIB electrodes to produce cheaper, longer driving range EVs that retain fast charging capability.

Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex.

The diversity of the mammalian cerebral cortex demands technical approaches to map the spatial distribution of neurons with different biochemical identities. This issue is magnified in the case of the primate cortex, characterized by a large number of areas with distinctive cytoarchitectures. To date, no full map of the distribution of cells expressing a specific protein has been reported for the cortex of any primate. Here we have charted the 3-dimensional distribution of neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB+ neurons) across the entire marmoset cortex, using a combination of immunohistochemistry, automated cell identification, computerized reconstruction, and cytoarchitecture-aware registration. CB+ neurons formed a heterogeneous population, which together corresponded to 10-20% of the cortical neurons. They occurred in higher proportions in areas corresponding to low hierarchical levels of processing, such as sensory cortices. Although CB+ neurons were concentrated in the supragranular and granular layers, there were clear global trends in their laminar distribution. For example, their relative density in infragranular layers increased with hierarchical level along sensorimotor processing streams, and their density in layer 4 was lower in areas involved in sensorimotor integration, action planning and motor control. These results reveal new quantitative aspects of the cytoarchitectural organization of the primate cortex, and demonstrate an approach to mapping the full distribution of neurochemically distinct cells throughout the brain which is readily applicable to most other mammalian species.

Enhanced densification of screen-printed GDC interlayers for solid oxide fuel cells using nitrate-based precursor in various chelating agents as pore-filling solution

The Gd-doped CeO2 (GDC) diffusion barrier between the zirconia-based electrolyte and the LSCF-based cathode in a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is essential for preventing the formation of Sc2ZrO3 as a secondary phase. However, the reaction between ceria and zirconia at high temperatures (>1300 °C) impedes the formation of a highly dense GDC layer. Herein, we present a cost-effective approach for fabricating a highly dense GDC diffusion barrier layer at lower sintering temperatures by filling the pores of the GDC skeleton using a gelatin or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution as a chelating agent for GDC cations. We investigated the interaction between the cations and the chelating agent molecules and its effect on the diffusion barrier. In addition, the flow behavior of the pore-filling solution was evaluated to determine its penetrability. The proposed method yielded a pore-filled GDC (PF-GDC) interlayer with enhanced density at 1000 °C, a remarkable 250 °C below the conventional sintering temperature for a porous GDC interlayer. The effectiveness of the PF-GDC was investigated by analyzing the performance of electrolyte-supported cells (ESCs) and anode-supported cells (ASCs). On ASCs, the observed peak power density at 800 °C was enhanced 1.5-fold, from 1.91 W⋅cm−2 (porous GDC sintered at 1250 °C) to 2.61 W⋅cm−2 (PF-GDC sintered at 1200 °C). These findings highlight the potential for pore-filling methods to improve the performance of SOFCs.