Matter Density Research Articles

Vertical kinematics of the young Galactic clusters

Abstract The young disc vertical phase is paramount in our understanding of Galaxy evolution. Analysing the vertical kinematics at different galactic regions provides important information about the space-time variations of the Galactic potential. The vertical phase snail-shell structure found after Gaia DR2 release encompasses a wide range of ages. However, the structure of the VZ vs Z diagram appears linear when the analysis is limited to studying objects younger than 30 Ma. Based on the vertical velocity and height-over-disc maps obtained for a sample of young open clusters, this method also allows the matter density in the Solar neighbourhood to be estimated using a completely different approach than previously found in the literature. We use two different catalogues of star clusters to confirm the previous result and study new age ranges. The linear pattern between VZ and Z shows different slopes, ∂VZ/∂Z, for various age groups. The results fit a simple model (harmonic oscillator) of in-plane decoupled vertical dynamics up to a certain age limit, corresponding to ∼ 30 Ma. This work also analyses the relationship between the local volumetric density of matter (ρ0) and the disc vertical kinematics for different age ranges, all below 50 Ma. The best estimates of the effective volumetric mass density in the Solar neighbourhood, 0.09-0.15 M⊙ pc−3, agree with those given by other authors, assessing the reliability of the proposed dynamical model. These values are a minorant of the actual matter density in the region.

Percolation renormalization group analysis of confinement in Z2 lattice gauge theories

The analytical study of confinement in lattice gauge theories (LGTs) remains a difficult task to this day. Taking a geometric perspective on confinement, we develop a real-space renormalization group (RG) formalism for Z2 LGTs using percolation probability as a confinement order parameter. The RG flow we analyze is constituted by both the percolation probability and the coupling parameters. We consider a classical Z2 LGT in two dimensions, with matter and thermal fluctuations, and analytically derive the confinement phase diagram. We find good agreement with numerical and exact benchmark results and confirm that a finite matter density enforces confinement at T<∞ in the model we consider. Our RG scheme enables future analytical studies of Z2 LGTs with matter and quantum fluctuations and beyond. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Constraining cosmological parameters using void statistics from the SDSS survey

We aim to constrain the amplitude of the linear spectrum of density fluctuations (σ_8), the matter density parameter (Ω_ m), the Hubble constant (H_0) c h, and S_8 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) by studying the abundance of large voids in the large-scale structure of galaxies. Voids are identified as maximal non-overlapping spheres within SDSS DR7 galaxies with redshifts of $0.02<z<0.132$ and absolute magnitudes of M_ r <-20.5. We used the theoretical framework developed in previous works and recalibrated the data using halo simulations to constrain σ_8, Ω_ m, and H_0 from the sample of SDSS galaxies mentioned above using a Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. This method has also been validated using simulated halo boxes and galaxy lightcones. We have proven that the theoretical framework recovers σ_8, Ω_ m, and H_0 values from the halo simulation boxes for different values of σ_8 within 1σ ($2σ$) in real (redshift) space. The theoretical framework void statistics from mock lightcones shows significant potential: we have studied the marginalised posteriors in each plane and checked that we were able to recover Planck values for the all the parameters. The results we obtained from the SDSS sample are: Ω_ m H_ Γ=0.270^ and S_ . Combining these constraints with the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) and the Dark Energy Survey (DESY3) yields σ_ Ω_ m H_ and S_ . The combined uncertainties of σ_8 and Ω_ m have been reduced by a factor of 2-3, compared to KiDS-100+DESY3 alone, due to the nearly orthogonal marginalised posteriors of SDSS voids and weak lensing in the -Ω_ m plane.

Sediment Properties and Seagrass Density Influence the Morphological Plasticity of Seagrass Zostera muelleri More Than Elevated Temperatures

Understanding the long-term effects of elevated temperatures on foundational species like seagrasses is critical for predicting and managing the impacts of warming coastal ecosystems worldwide. Seagrasses exhibit plasticity in response to a range of environmental stressors, so the effects of climate change are likely to be context dependent. This study investigated differences in the growth and morphology of Zostera muelleri inside versus outside a warm water plume generated by a power station operating for ~ 26 years in Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia. The effects of other factors, including sediment organic matter, season and seagrass density were also examined to ascertain their importance relative to elevated temperatures. Despite water temperatures in the thermal plume being equivalent to conditions predicted by 2090 under future climate scenarios (1.5–2.7 °C above ambient), there were no consistent effects of these elevated temperatures on Z. muelleri growth and morphology. Instead, growth at all sites (ambient and warm water) was greater by 40.3% in spring and 74.3% in summer when compared to winter. Increasing organic matter content in sediments was associated with a 69.8% rise in below-ground biomass and a subsequent 73.8% reduction in the ratio of above- to below-ground biomass. There was also evidence for seagrass density effects, with denser meadows having shorter leaves and reduced growth rates, likely due to self-shading. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Z. muelleri in the centre of its distribution in eastern Australia can tolerate moderate temperature increases over decadal scales.

Ds-FCRN: three-dimensional dual-stream fully convolutional residual networks and transformer-based global-local feature learning for brain age prediction.

The brain undergoes atrophy and cognitive decline with advancing age. The utilization of brain age prediction represents a pioneering methodology in the examination of brain aging. This study aims to develop a deep learning model with high predictive accuracy and interpretability for brain age prediction tasks. The gray matter (GM) density maps obtained from T1 MRI data of 16,377 healthy participants aged 45 to 82 years from the UKB database were included in this study (mean age, , 7811 men). We propose an innovative deep learning architecture for predicting brain age based on GM density maps. The architecture combines a 3D dual-stream fully convolutional residual network (ds-FCRN) with a Transformer-based global-local feature learning paradigm to enhance prediction accuracy. Moreover, we employed Shapley values to elucidate the influence of various brain regions on prediction precision. On a test set of 3,276 healthy subjects (mean age, , 1561 men), our 3D ds-FCRN model achieved a mean absolute error of 2.2 years in brain age prediction, outperforming existing models on the same dataset. The posterior interpretation revealed that the temporal lobe plays the most significant role in the brain age prediction process, while frontal lobe aging is associated with the greatest number of lifestyle factors. Our designed 3D ds-FCRN model achieved high predictive accuracy and high decision transparency. The brain age vectors constructed using Shapley values provided brain region-level insights into life factors associated with abnormal brain aging.

Assessment of complementary white matter microstructural changes and grey matter atrophy in the 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive means to study PD and its progression. This study utilized the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of parkinsonism to assess whether white matter microstructural integrity measured using advanced free-water diffusion tensor imaging metrics (fw-DTI) and gray matter density using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) can serve as imaging biomarkers of pathological changes following nigrostriatal denervation. By comparing the 6-OHDA-lesioned vs. sham-lesioned rats, we aimed to identify complementary gray matter and white matter changes indicative of disease pathophysiology. Results showed widespread gray matter atrophy and subtle changes in white matter integrity in the 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Gray matter atrophy predominantly affected ipsilateral cortical regions, with some bilateral regions also showing atrophy. Conversely, higher volumes were observed in some regions of the contralateral gray matter in the 6-OHDA model. Furthermore, increased fw-FA and fw-AX were observed in regions including the brainstem, thalamus, superior and inferior colliculus, and fornix. Smaller clusters of decreased fw-FA and fw-AX were found in the corpus callosum. Regions of both increased and decreased diffusivity were noted in fw-RD, primarily in the brainstem, while the f index was elevated in several regions in the 6-OHDA lesioned group, except for a cluster in the contralateral thalamus. In conclusion, this study underscores the significant potential role for gray and white matter imaging biomarkers in delineating disease pathology in parkinsonism.

Neuropathological contributions to grey matter atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in amnestic dementia

BackgroundDementia patients commonly present multiple neuropathologies, worsening cognitive function, yet structural neuroimaging signatures of dementia have not been positioned in the context of combined pathology. In this study, we implemented an MRI voxel-based approach to explore combined and independent effects of dementia pathologies on grey and white matter structural changes.MethodsIn 91 amnestic dementia patients with post-mortem brain donation, grey matter density and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burdens were obtained from pre-mortem MRI and analyzed in relation to Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy body, TDP-43, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) pathologies. After exploring co-occurrence profiles of these pathologies, voxel-based morphometry was implemented to determine their joint and independent effects on grey matter loss. The impact of these pathologies on WMH burden was then evaluated both in spatial and quantitative combined analyses, using voxel-based and generalized linear models respectively.Results86.8% of patients in this cohort presented more than one pathology. The combined structural effect of these pathologies was a focal impact on hippocampal grey matter atrophy, primarily driven by HS and Alzheimer’s pathology (family-wise error corrected, p < 0.05), which also exhibited the strongest individual effects (uncorrected, p < 0.001). WMHs, predominant in middle and anterior cerebral portions, were most strongly associated with vascular (T = 2.47, p = 0.017) and tau pathologies (T = 2.09, p = 0.041).ConclusionsThe mixed associations of these dementia neuroimaging hallmarks are relevant for the fine-tuning of diagnostic protocols and underscore the need for comprehensive pathology evaluations in the study of dementia phenotypes.

Gradients in cell density and shape transitions drive collective cell migration into confining environments.

Epithelial cell collectives migrate through tissue interfaces and crevices to orchestrate development processes, tumor invasion, and wound healing. Naturally, the traversal of cell collective through confining environments involves crowding due to narrowing spaces, which seems tenuous given the conventional inverse relationship between cell density and migration. However, the physical transitions required to overcome such epithelial densification for migration across confinements remain unclear. Here, in a system of contiguous microchannels of varying confinements, we show that epithelial (MCF10A) monolayers accumulate higher cell density and undergo fluid-like shape transitions before entering narrower channels. However, overexpression of breast cancer oncogene ErbB2 did not require such accumulation of cell density to migrate across matrix confinement. While wild-type MCF10A cells migrated faster in narrow channels, this confinement sensitivity was reduced after +ErbB2 mutation or with constitutively active RhoA. This physical interpretation of collective cell migration as density and shape transitions in granular matter could advance our understanding of complex living systems.

Axi-Higgs portal dark matter via Wess-Zumino mechanism

We study the axion portal between the visible and the dark sector, where the dark matter is charged under an abelian extension of the Standard Model. In general, such models are anomalous and are rendered gauge invariant by a Stückelberg axion through Wess-Zumino/Green-Schwarz mechanism. Scenarios such as this naturally exist in TeV scale string theory completions of Standard Model. This axion mixes with other Goldstone bosons in the model to give a physical axi-Higgs which becomes massive upon breaking the anomalous gauge group. Such axi-Higgs fields charged under the anomalous symmetry act as mediators for the dark matter annihilation to Standard Model particles and can lead to an efficient freeze-out mechanism. Here, we show that the Stückelberg axion, and the resultant axi-Higgs, with its appropriate shift symmetry cancels the quantum anomalies and also generates the observed relic density for the dark matter. Moreover, we show that the relevant parameter space in our model, where photon production dominates, is safe from FermiLAT, Cherenkov Telescope Array, and H.E.S.S. indirect detection experiments.

The intersection of field-limited density of states and matter: nanophotonic control of fluorescence energy transfer

Nanophotonic control over Förster resonance energy transfer pathways and efficiency in a crystalline colloidal array with three copolymerized emitters was demonstrated through strategic placement of the rejection wavelength (λrw).

Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels.

Basketball is an attractive sport required both cooperative and antagonistic motor skills. However, the neural mechanism of basketball proficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the brain functional and structural substrates underlying varying levels of basketball capacity. Twenty advanced basketball athletes (AB), 20 intermediate basketball athletes (IB) and 20 age-matched non-athlete individuals without basketball experience (NI) participated in this study and underwent T1-weighted MRI and resting-state fMRI scanning. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), and gray matter (GM) density were calculated and compared among the three groups. The VMHC in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus, as well as the GM density in the right precentral gyrus, exhibited a hierarchical structure of AB>IB>NI. Compared with NI group, AB and IB groups showed strengthened VMHC in supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus. Additionally, the ALFF of left middle occipital gyrus and right hippocampal and the GM density of left medial superior frontal gyrus exhibited differences in AB-IB and AB-NI comparisons. By conducting the cross-sectional comparison, this study firstly identifies the varying levels of basketball proficiency related brain resting-state functional and structural plasticity. Especially, the regions associated with motor perception and control, including bilateral postcentral gyrus, middle and superior temporal gyrus and right precentral gyrus, are involved in the key neural mechanisms of basketball proficiency. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to further validate these findings.

A High Fat, High Sugar Diet Exacerbates Persistent Post-Surgical Pain and Modifies the Brain-Microbiota-Gut Axis in Adolescent Rats.

Persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) occurs in a proportion of patients following surgical interventions. Research suggests that specific microbiome components are important for brain development and function, with recent studies demonstrating that chronic pain results in changes to the microbiome. Consumption of a high fat, high sugar (HFHS) diet can drastically alter composition of the microbiome and is a modifiable risk factor for many neuroinflammatory conditions. Therefore, we investigated how daily consumption of a HFHS diet modified the development of PPSP, brain structure and function, and the microbiome. In addition, we identified significant correlations between the microbiome and brain in animals with PPSP. Male and female rats were maintained on a control or HFHS diet. Animals were further allocated to a sham or surgery on postnatal day (p) p35. The von Frey task measured mechanical nociceptive sensitivity at a chronic timepoint (p65-67). Between p68-72 rats underwent in-vivo MRI to examine brain volume and diffusivity. At p73 fecal samples were used for downstream 16s rRNA sequencing. Spearman correlation analyses were performed between individual microbial abundance and MRI diffusivity to determine if specific bacterial species were associated with PPSP-induced brain changes. We found that consumption of a HFHS diet exacerbated PPSP in adolescents. The HFHS diet reduced overall brain volume and increased white and grey matter density. The HFHS diet interacted with the surgical intervention to modify diffusivity in numerous brain regions which were associated with specific changes to the microbiome. These findings demonstrate that premorbid characteristics can influence the development of PPSP and advance our understanding of the contribution that the microbiome has on function of the brain-microbiota-gut axis.

Neurostructural correlates of harm action/outcome aversion: The role of empathy.

Harm aversion is essential for normal human functioning; however, the neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying harm aversion remain unclear. To explore this issue, we examined the brain structures associated with the two distinct dimensions of harm aversion (harm action/outcome aversion) and the potential mediating role of the four aspects of empathy: fantasy, perspective-taking, empathic concern, and personal distress. A sample of 214 healthy young adults underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and regional gray matter density (rGMD). Whole-brain multiple regression analysis revealed significant correlations between harm action aversion and rGMV/rGMD in various brain regions, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and precuneus for both rGMV and rGMD, the cerebellum for rGMV, and the superior frontal gyrus for rGMD. The rGMV/rGMD in the IFG and the rGMD in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) were correlated with harm outcome aversion. Utilizing 10-fold balanced cross-validation analysis, we confirmed the robustness of these significant associations between rGMV/rGMD in these brain regions and harm action/outcome aversion. Importantly, mediation analysis revealed that empathic concern mediated the relationship between rGMV/rGMD in the precuneus and harm action aversion. Additionally, empathic concern, personal distress, and total empathy mediated the relationship between rGMD in the S1 and harm outcome aversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural mechanism of harm aversion by integrating insights from the brain structure, harm aversion, and the personality hierarchy models while also extending the frontal asymmetry model of Emotion.

Stability of evolving cluster of stars and exotic matter

This paper discusses the phenomenon of evolving spherically symmetric cluster of stars in the presence of an exotic matter. To discuss evolutionary mechanism, we use the Starobinsky model of f(R) gravity as exotic matter and the structure scalars as evolutional parameters. We study various evolution modes such as isotropic pressure, quasi-homologous evolution, density homogeneity, and geodesic nature. The stability of homogeneous density of baryonic and non-baryonic matter is discussed using dissipation, tidal forces, anisotropic pressures, expansion and shear-effects. It is observed that the dark matter has remarkable impact on the evolutionary changes. Also, it is shown that the dissipation factor produces density inhomogeneity in expanding clusters with shear effects. We observe that high curvature geometry enhances quasi-homologous evolution in the presence of shear. We use star Her X-1 as test star to discuss physical behavior of Starobinsky model. It is found that the density of dark matter overcomes the density of matter for large values of dark matter parameter n.

Kaons and antikaons in isospin asymmetric dense resonance matter at finite temperature

We study the in-medium properties of kaons and antikaons in isospin asymmetric hot and dense resonance matter within the chiral SU(3) hadronic mean field model. Along with nucleons and hyperons, the interactions of K and K¯ mesons with all decuplet baryons (Δ++,+,0,−,Σ*±,0,Ξ*0,−,Ω−) are explicitly considered in the dispersion relations. The properties of mesons in the chiral SU(3) model are modified at finite density and temperature of asymmetric resonance matter through the exchange of scalar fields σ, ζ, and δ and the vector fields ω, ρ, and ϕ. The presence of resonance baryons in the medium at finite temperature is observed to modify significantly the effective masses of K and K¯ mesons. We also calculated the optical potentials of kaons and antikaons as a function of momentum in resonance matter. The present study of in-medium masses and optical potentials of kaons and antikaons will be important for understanding the experimental observables from the heavy-ion collision experiments where hot and dense matter may be produced. Our results indicate that when resonance baryons are present within the medium at finite baryonic density, the mass reduction of kaons and antikaons becomes more pronounced as the temperature of the medium increases from zero to 100 and 150 MeV. The study of the optical potentials of kaons and antikaons reveals a stronger correlation with strangeness fraction compared to isospin asymmetry. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

TangoSIDM Project: Is the stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation consistent with SIDM?

Abstract Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) has the potential to significantly influence galaxy formation in comparison to the cold, collisionless dark matter paradigm (CDM), resulting in observable effects. This study aims to elucidate this influence and to demonstrate that the stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation imposes robust constraints on the parameter space of velocity-dependent SIDM models. We present a new set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations that include the SIDM scheme from the TangoSIDM project and the SWIFT-EAGLE galaxy formation model. Two cosmological simulations suites were generated: one (Reference model) which yields good agreement with the observed z = 0 galaxy stellar mass function, galaxy mass-size relation, and stellar-to-halo mass relation; and another (WeakStellarFB model) in which the stellar feedback is less efficient, particularly for Milky Way-like systems. Both galaxy formation models were simulated under four dark matter cosmologies: CDM, SIDM with two different velocity-dependent cross sections, and SIDM with a constant cross section. While SIDM does not modify global galaxy properties such as stellar masses and star formation rates, it does make the galaxies more extended. In Milky Way-like galaxies, where baryons dominate the central gravitational potential, SIDM thermalises, causing dark matter to accumulate in the central regions. This accumulation results in density profiles that are steeper than those produced in CDM from adiabatic contraction. The enhanced dark matter density in the central regions of galaxies causes a deviation in the slope of the Tully-Fisher relation, which significantly diverges from the observational data. In contrast, the Tully-Fisher relation derived from CDM models aligns well with observations.

Mapping the ΛsCDM Scenario to f(T) Modified Gravity: Effects on Structure Growth Rate

The concept of a rapidly sign-switching cosmological constant, interpreted as a mirror AdS-dS transition in the late universe and known as the ΛsCDM, has significantly improved the fit to observational data, offering a promising framework for alleviating major cosmological tensions such as the H0 and S8 tensions. However, when considered within general relativity, this scenario does not predict any effects on the evolution of the matter density contrast beyond modifications to the background functions. In this work, we propose a new gravitational model in which the background dynamics predicted by the ΛsCDM framework are mapped into f(T) gravity, dubbed f(T)-ΛsCDM, rendering the models indistinguishable at the background level. However, in this new scenario, the sign-switching cosmological constant dynamics modify the evolution of linear matter perturbations through an effective gravitational constant, Geff. We investigate the evolution of the growth rate and derive new observational constraints for this scenario using RSD measurements. We also present new constraints in the standard ΛsCDM case, incorporating the latest Type Ia supernovae data samples available in the literature, along with BAO data from DESI. Our findings indicate that the new corrections expected at the linear perturbative level, as revealed through RSD samples, can provide significant evidence in favor of this new scenario. Additionally, this model may be an excellent candidate for resolving the current S8 tension.

Dark Matter Distinguished by Skewed Microlensing in the “Dragon Arc”

Abstract Many microlensed stars discovered by JWST closely follow the winding critical curve of A370 along the “Dragon Arc” with m AB &gt; 26.5, which we show comprises asymptotic giant branch stars microlensed by the observed level of diffuse cluster stars, corresponding to ≃1% of the dark matter density. Most events appear along the inner edge of the critical curve, following an asymmetric band of width ≃4.5 kpc that is skewed by −0.7 ± 0.2 kpc. This asymmetry, we argue, follows from the parity difference in caustic structure inherent to microlensing that extends to higher magnification in the negative parity regions. This parity difference predicts a modest net shift of −0.04 kpc to the inside of the cluster critical curve within a narrower band of ≃1.4 kpc than observed. Adding cold-dark-matter-like subhalos of 106−8 M ⊙ doubles the width, but detections are predicted to favor the outside of the critical curve, where the subhalos generate local Einstein rings, and subhalos inside the critical curve depress the magnification, reducing microlensing. Instead, the density perturbations of “wave dark matter” as a Bose–Einstein condensate (ψDM) can generate a wide band of corrugated critical curves with a large negative asymmetry. We find that a de Broglie wavelength of ≃10 pc reproduces the observed width of 4.5 kpc, with a negative skewness ≃−0.6 kpc, like the data, corresponding to a boson mass of ≃10−22 eV, in agreement with dwarf galaxy dynamical estimates. Independently, we also find clear asymmetry in the Jupiter Arc, with 12 microlensed stars lying along the inside of the critical curve, like the Dragon Arc.

Psi-GAN: a power-spectrum-informed generative adversarial network for the emulation of large-scale structure maps across cosmologies and redshifts

ABSTRACT Simulations of the dark matter distribution throughout the Universe are essential in order to analyse data from cosmological surveys. N-body simulations are computationally expensive, and many cheaper alternatives (such as lognormal random fields) fail to reproduce accurate statistics of the smaller, non-linear scales. In this work, we present Psi-GAN (power-spectrum-informed generative adversarial network), a machine learning model that takes a two-dimensional lognormal dark matter density field and transforms it into a more realistic field. We construct Psi-GAN so that it is continuously conditional, and can therefore generate realistic realizations of the dark matter density field across a range of cosmologies and redshifts in $z \in [0, 3]$. We train Psi-GAN as a generative adversarial network on $2\, 000$ simulation boxes from the Quijote simulation suite. We use a novel critic architecture that utilizes the power spectrum as the basis for discrimination between real and generated samples. Psi-GAN shows agreement with N-body simulations over a range of redshifts and cosmologies, consistently outperforming the lognormal approximation on all tests of non-linear structure, such as being able to reproduce both the power spectrum up to wavenumbers of $1~h~\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and the bispectra of target N-body simulations to within ${\sim }5$ per cent. Our improved ability to model non-linear structure should allow more robust constraints on cosmological parameters when used in techniques such as simulation-based inference.

Dark matter influences on wormhole stability in de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley like massive gravity

The characteristics of wormhole models in the context of the de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley-like massive gravity theory are examined in this article. Dark matter density profiles of Thomas Fermi and Einasto spike are used to find the wormhole shape functions. By exploiting these formed shape functions, we create a wormhole geometry that connects asymptotically flat regions of spacetime while fulfilling all necessary requirements. Through a comprehensive analytical and graphical investigation, we explore the characteristics of exotic matter in these wormhole structures and examine their material composition within the context of energy conditions. The volume integral quantifier is used to quantify the exotic matter. We also discuss the phenomena of the complexity factor for all wormhole models and conclude that it approaches zero for increasing values of the radial coordinate, indicating the homogeneity of the energy density and the isotropic behavior of the pressure. Moreover, the repulsive nature of these wormhole solutions, a critical characteristic for their possible traversability is revealed by our analysis of the anisotropy parameter.