Dense Array Research Articles

Active Dipping Interface of the Southern San Andreas Fault Revealed by Space Geodetic and Seismic Imaging

AbstractThe Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) in California is one of the most thoroughly studied faults in the world, but its configuration at seismogenic depths remains enigmatic in the Coachella Valley. We use a combination of space geodetic and seismic observations to demonstrate that the relatively straight southernmost section of the SSAF, between Thousand Palms and Bombay Beach, is dipping to the northeast at 60–80° throughout the upper crust (<10 km), including the shallow aseismic layer. We constrain the fault attitude in the top 2–3 km using inversions of surface displacements associated with shallow creep, and seismic data from a dense nodal array crossing the fault trace near Thousand Palms. The data inversions show that the shallow dipping structure connects with clusters of seismicity at depth, indicating a continuous throughgoing fault surface. The dipping fault geometry has important implications for the long‐term fault slip rate, the intensity of ground shaking during future large earthquakes, and the effective strength of the southern SAF.

Basin Structure for Earthquake Ground Motion Estimates in Urban Los Angeles Mapped with Nodal Receiver Functions

We constrained sedimentary basin structure using a nodal seismic array consisting of ten dense lines that overlie multiple basins in the northern Los Angeles area. The dense array consists of 758 seismic nodes, spaced ~250–300 m apart along linear transects, that recorded ground motions for 30–35 days. We applied the receiver function (RF) technique to 16 teleseismic events to investigate basin structure. Primary basin-converted phases were identified in the RFs. A shear wave velocity model produced in a separate study using the same dataset was incorporated to convert the basin time arrivals to depth. The deepest part of the San Bernardino basin was identified near the Loma Linda fault at a depth of 2.4 km. Basin depths identified at pierce points for separate events reveal lateral changes in basin depth across distances of ~2–3 km near individual stations. A significant change in basin depth was identified within a small distance of ~4 km near the San Jacinto fault. The San Gabriel basin exhibited the largest basin depths of all three basins, with a maximum depth of 4.2 km. The high lateral resolution from the dense array helped to reveal more continuous structures and reduce uncertainties in the RFs interpretation. We discovered a more complex basin structure than previously identified. Our findings show that the basins’ core areas are not the deepest, and significant changes in basin depth were observed near some faults, including the San Jacinto fault, Fontana fault, Red Hill fault and Indian Hill fault.

Fireworks: A Potential Artificial Source for Imaging Near-Surface Structures

Abstract Seismic waves induced by incident acoustic waves from air disturbances can be used to image near-surface structures. In this article, we analyze seismic waveforms recorded by a dense array on the Xishancun landside in Li County, Sichuan Province, southwest China during the Lunar New Year’s Eve (27 January 2017). A total of eight event clusters have been identified as a result of firework explosions. For each cluster, which comprises dozens of individual events with high similarity, we manually pick arrival times of the first event recorded by the array and locate it with a grid-search method. We then rotate three-component waveforms of all events from the east, north, and vertical coordinate system to the local LQT coordinates (L, positive direction perpendicular to the landslide surface and pointing downwards; Q, positive direction is from the launch location of firework to the station along the landslide surface; T, perpendicular to the plane formed by the L and Q directions, and the selected positive direction of the T axis makes LQT form the left-hand coordinate system), and stack the LQT components for those events with cross-correlation values CC ≥ 0.8 with respect to the first event. Characteristics of the stacked LQT components are also examined. The particle motions at each station are retrograde ellipse in the frequency range of ∼5–50 Hz, suggesting air-coupled Rayleigh waves generated by the firework explosions. Spectrograms of the Rayleigh waves also show clear dispersions, which might be used to image near-surface velocity structures. Although we cannot directly extract the phase velocities due to the limitation of the seismic array, our study shows that the fireworks might provide a low-cost and easy-to-use seismic source for imaging near-surface structures.

High-spatial density snapshot imaging spectrometer enabled by 2-photon fabricated custom fiber bundles.

We report on a proof-of-concept snapshot imaging spectrometer developed using an array of optical fibers fabricated with 2-photon polymerization (2PP). The dense input array maps to an output array with engineered void spaces for spectral information. Previously, the development and fabrication of custom fiber arrays for imaging spectrometers have been a complex, time-consuming, and costly process, requiring a semi-manual assembly of commercial components. This work applies an automatic development process based on 2PP additive manufacturing with the Nanoscribe GmbH Quantum X system. The technique allows printing of arbitrary optical quality structures with submicron resolution with less than 5 nm roughness, enabling small core fibers/integrated arrays. Specifically, we developed an array prototype of 40 × 80 with 6-micron pitch at the input and 80-micron pitch at the output. The air-clad fibers had a core diameter of 5 µm. Fabricated optical fiber arrays were incorporated into a prism-based imaging spectrometer system with 48 spectral channels to demonstrate multi-spectral imaging. Imaging of a USAF target and color printed letter C as well as spectral comparisons to a commercial spectrometer were used to validate the performance of the system. These results clearly demonstrate the functionality and potential applications of the 3D-printed fiber-based snapshot imaging spectrometer.

Express formation and characterization of SERS-active substrate from a non-degradable Ag-Nb-N-O film

In this work, we propose an original approach for rapid and easy conversion of a thin Ag-Nb-N-O film into surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate. The initial Ag-Nb-N-O substrate has a long shelf life because silver particles are prevalently accumulated inside the film and possess resistivity to degradation. An activation of the substrate is carried out just before the SERS-measurements by a 15-second microwave heating the Ag-Nb-N-O film at 800 W, which facilitates immediate extrusion of internal silver to the surface. This leads to the formation of a dense array of Ag particles that show an improved SERS-activity. We compare SERS-activity of the initial and microwave-treated Ag-Nb-N-O films with that of a control substrate based on Ag nanoparticles grown on the SiO2 surface. Both initial and control substrates are aged in a moist air for 60 days before the SERS-measurements. An intensity of the SERS-signal from 10-5 M 5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or DTNB on the activated Ag-Nb-N-O film is approx. 270 higher than that on the control Ag nanoparticles. The TEM and EDS studies of the initial Ag-Nb-N-O film prove its stability to sulfidization while the control Ag nanoparticles are found to bind to sulfur from the moist air.

High resolution seafloor thermometry for internal wave and upwelling monitoring using Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Temperature is an essential oceanographic variable (EOV) that still today remains coarsely resolved below the surface and near the seafloor. Here, we gather evidence to confirm that Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology can convert tens of kilometer-long seafloor fiber-optic telecommunication cables into dense arrays of temperature anomaly sensors having millikelvin (mK) sensitivity, thus allowing to monitor oceanic processes such as internal waves and upwelling with unprecedented detail. Notably, we report high-resolution observations of highly coherent near-inertial and super-inertial internal waves in the NW Mediterranean sea, offshore of Toulon, France, having spatial extents of a few kilometers and producing maximum thermal anomalies of more than 5 K at maximum absolute rates of more than 1 K/h. We validate our observations with in-situ oceanographic sensors and an alternative optical fiber sensing technology. Currently, DAS only provides temperature changes estimates, however practical solutions are outlined to obtain continuous absolute temperature measurements with DAS at the seafloor. Our observations grant key advantages to DAS over established temperature sensors, showing its transformative potential for the description of seafloor temperature fluctuations over an extended range of spatial and temporal scales, as well as for the understanding of the evolution of the ocean in a broad sense (e.g. physical and ecological). Diverse ocean-oriented fields could benefit from the potential applications of this fast-developing technology.

Imaging quality characterization and optimization of segmented planar imaging system based on honeycomb dense azimuth sampling lens array.

Segmented planar photoelectric imaging is an advanced computational imaging technology that utilizes photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to achieve the miniaturization of imaging systems. The original radial-spoke lens array has dense radial sampling and coarse azimuthal sampling. The sparsity and inhomogeneity of spatial frequency sampling lead to the loss of spatial frequency information and blurred reconstructed images. In this paper, a honeycomb dense azimuth sampling lens array is proposed, and three baseline pairing methods are designed, which can realize dense azimuth sampling, effectively increase spatial frequency sampling and improve the imaging quality. The signal transmission model of the segmented planar imaging system is established and the imaging process is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the honeycomb lens array improves the azimuth sampling density and spatial frequency coverage, and its imaging quality is significantly improved compared with the hexagonal lens array and the radial-spoke lens array. Furthermore, the optimal choice of the baseline pairing method and the error range of the fill factor and are also given in this paper. The results indicate that the mixed pairing method first ensures low and medium-frequency dense sampling, and then increases high-frequency sampling, which makes the imaging results better than those of the other two baseline pairing methods in terms of image contour, contrast and image detail information. The sampling density of the spatial frequency and the imaging quality can be improved by increasing the fill factor. In the actual manufacturing process, the allowable error range of the fill factor of the lens array is within 5%. The research results will provide theoretical support for the design and development of segmented planar imaging system.

High-Resolution Shallow Structure along the Anninghe Fault Zone, Sichuan, China, Constrained by Active Source Tomography

Abstract The Anninghe fault (ANHF), located in southwest China, was a major block boundary that hosted M 7.5 earthquakes historically. For seismic hazard assessment, it is critical to investigate fault properties before future earthquakes. To investigate the fault structure, we deployed three linear dense arrays with an aperture of ∼8–9 km across different segments of the ANHF from October 2019 to March 2020. More importantly, we detonated a new methane source to generate seismic waves, which is environmentally friendly and can be used in different regions such as mountainous and urban areas. After data acquisition, we first removed the noise to accurately pick up the first arrivals of seismic waves. Then, we conducted the first-arrival seismic tomography, a method commonly used in the petroleum industry, to obtain the high-resolution P-wave velocity structure. The tomographic results showed distinct low-velocity zones (LVZs) of ∼1000–1500 m in width and ∼300–400 m in depth along the fault, well consistent with the lateral distribution of site amplification that was derived from regional earthquake waveforms. These LVZs may have formed as a combined result of the fault damage zone and ANHF-controlled sediments. As the Anning River Valley is densely populated, our newly identified LVZs shed lights on earthquake hazard in the region. In addition, we demonstrate that using a combination of methane detonation sources, linear dense arrays, and active source tomography can effectively determine the shallow P-wave velocity model in complex environments (i.e., mountains and urban areas).

Beam-domain deconvolution beamforming algorithm based on compressive sensing

Deconvolution beamforming is often used to improve the azimuth resolution in target detection. However, most traditional deconvolution beamforming algorithms require the array directivity function to be shift-invariant, which are suitable for specific arrays such as linear arrays and circular arrays. A beam-domain deconvolution beamforming method suitable for arbitrary array is proposed based on compressive sensing. First, conventional beamforming is used to obtain several complex beam outputs, then the Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) reconstruction algorithm is applied to the beam-domain model to achieve deconvolution of complex beam outputs. The deconvolution process leads to more accurate estimation for the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) for target signals. The proposed method can also effectively reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm by controlling the number of output beams from the conventional beamforming and is applicable for both non coherent and coherent signals. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed algorithm has azimuth resolution performance comparable to the traditional element-domain SBL beamforming algorithm, and is superior to the conventional beamforming and Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithms. When applied to short and dense arrays, the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm is significantly lower than that of the traditional element-domain SBL beamforming algorithm.

Performance of distributed acoustic sensing relative to co-located hydrophone measurements

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a technology that transforms telecommunication fiber optic cables into dense sensor arrays by continuously transmitting pulses of light down the cable and measuring backscattering from natural inhomogeneities within the fiber cable. The technology can densely sample the acoustic field over long ranges (up to 100 km), providing a means for large scale passive acoustic monitoring. The DAS Calibration Experiment 2022 (DASCAL22) provides 9 days of co-located hydrophone and DAS data in Puget Sound, WA. The DAS data were recorded with a 2kHz sampling rate over ∼3.5 km of cable in a channel reaching close to 100 m depth and with DAS channels spaced 6.38 m. A combination of an active source broadcast from 1, 5, and 10 m depths, and passive signals (primarily boat noise) are used to investigate the capabilities of DAS to sense a range of frequencies and the impacts of the environment on those capabilities.

A tale of whale and fiber: monitoring baleen whales with Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) converts fibers in existing underwater telecommunication fiber-optic cables into dense listening arrays of strain sensors. Recent advances in DAS interrogating technology enable increasing data quality, spatial coverage, and bandwidth, sparking interest in applied environmental sensing. Initially focused on seismic data collection, e.g., for earthquake monitoring, DAS has demonstrated abilities in detecting waterborne acoustic sources, including the low-frequency sounds of blue and fin whales (Balaenoptera musculus and B. physalus) over tens of km of fiber. DAS is instrumented from land, collects data in near-real time, and offers region-wide spatial coverage. Thus, this technology provides a unique opportunity for robust monitoring of endangered and threatened migratory baleen whales at ecologically meaningful spatial and temporal scales. This talk will introduce our research on using DAS to monitor low-frequency baleen whales, including detection and tracking, and the open-access DAS4Whales python package, developed to analyze terabytes of spatio-temporal data collected with DAS. We will also address the potential limitations of this new monitoring technology and provide a roadmap for further research and testing needed to exploit the technology's full potential.

Real-Data Testing of Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Offshore Earthquake Early Warning

Abstract We present a real-data test for offshore earthquake early warning (EEW) with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) by transforming submarine fiber-optic cable into a dense seismic array. First, we constrain earthquake locations using the arrival-time information recorded by the DAS array. Second, with site effects along the cable calibrated using an independent earthquake, we estimate earthquake magnitudes directly from strain rate amplitudes by applying a scaling relation transferred from onshore DAS arrays. Our results indicate that using this single 50 km offshore DAS array can offer ∼3 s improvement in the alert time of EEW compared to onshore seismic stations. Furthermore, we simulate and demonstrate that multiple DAS arrays extending toward the trench placed along the coast can uniformly improve alert times along a subduction zone by more than 5 s.

Joint inversion of Rayleigh group and phase velocities for S-wave velocity structure of the 2021 MS6.0 Luxian earthquake source area, China

On September 16, 2021, a MS6.0 earthquake struck Luxian County, one of the shale gas blocks in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China. To understand the seismogenic environment and its mechanism, we inverted a fine three-dimensional S-wave velocity model from ambient noise tomography using data from a newly deployed dense seismic array around the epicenter, by extracting and jointly inverting the Rayleigh phase and group velocities in the period of 1.6–7.2 s. The results showed that the velocity model varied significantly beneath different geological units. The Yujiasi syncline is characterized by low velocity at depths of ∼ 3.0–4.0 km, corresponding to the stable sedimentary layer in the Sichuan Basin. The eastern and western branches of the Huayingshan fault belt generally exhibit high velocities in the NE-SW direction, with a few local low-velocity zones. The Luxian MS6.0 earthquake epicenter is located at the boundary between the high- and low-velocity zones, and the earthquake sequences expand eastward from the epicenter at depths of 3.0–5.0 km. Integrated with the velocity variations around the epicenter, distribution of aftershock sequences, and focal mechanism solution, it is speculated that the seismogenic mechanism of the main shock might be interpreted as the reactivation of pre-existing faults by hydraulic fracturing.

Receiver Function Adjoint Tomography for Three‐Dimensional High‐Resolution Seismic Array Imaging: Methodology and Applications in Southeastern Tibet

AbstractA new technique for P‐wave receiver function (PRF) inversion, within the framework of wave equation‐based adjoint tomography and referred to as receiver function adjoint tomography (RFAT), has been developed to obtain models of Vp, Vs, and density. This innovative technique fits the synthetic PRFs with observed PRFs and can better image the lateral variations of Vs from the crust to the uppermost mantle than traditional 1‐D PRF inversion. We utilized RFAT to perform high‐resolution imaging beneath a dense seismic array in Southeastern Tibet, revealing low‐velocity zones extending from the uppermost mantle to the crust, as well as an eastward dipping Moho under the Red River Fault (RRF). Our inversion results provide direct evidence for the existence of a distinct asthenospheric upwelling channel beneath the RRF, and further highlight the effectiveness of RFAT for accurately imaging subsurface structures.

Improving Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) Based Analysis of Clinical Outcomes Using Modern Statistical Techniques: A Systematic Answer to Multiple Comparisons Concerns

DVH constraints are essential in the clinical practice of radiation therapy. Historically, DVH constraints were found through sparse sampling of all possible DVH indices to find one that appeared to be most predictive for clinical toxicity. This approach can lead to inconsistent results among studies and to multiple comparison concerns. We aim to solve both problems by examining a full array of DVH indices using statistical methods that account for strong correlations among DVH indices and incorporate radiobiological knowledge constraints. We extracted a dense array of V%_D indices from a treatment planning system using ESAPI interface, with V%_D corresponding to the volume fraction irradiated to dose D, or higher. We used Fused Lasso as the base model to compensate for correlations among DVH indices because it applies a penalty on the difference between DVH variables with adjacent dose. The base model was augmented with additional constraints based on radiobiological considerations: the positivity constraint (beta_i > 0) which assumes that any tissue irradiation cannot reduce the risk of toxicity, and monotonicity constraint (beta_i+1 > = beta_i) which assumes that higher dose to a fixed volume fraction cannot be associated with a lower risk of toxicity. We called the hybrid model KC-Lasso (Knowledge Constrained Lasso) and applied it to two clinical examples: grade 2 acute rectal toxicity in conventionally fractionated RT for 79 prostate cancer patients (77.4 Gy + MR based boost to 81-83 Gy) and cardiac toxicity in conventionally fractionated RT for 119 locally advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients (Median prescribed dose 62 Gy). We further examined alternative data driven models to determine the importance of knowledge constraints. KC-Lasso detected two distinct dose thresholds for grade 2 rectal toxicity, at 35 Gy and 78 Gy. A threshold of 51 Gy was detected for reduced overall survival due to cardiac irradiation in NSCLC patients. An examination of KC-Lasso models at varying step size suggested that a single mid-range index can be used as a treatment planning constraint while full model can be used for confirmatory, final plan evaluation. Alternative models which lack knowledge constraints show patterns of negative and isolated coefficients which are difficult to interpret and are not likely to be generalizable. A more systematic approach to the analysis of correlations between DVH constraints and clinical toxicity can lead to greater consistency of results among different studies, better understanding of true dose thresholds and results which are more generalizable.

Tectonic transition revealed by upper mantle heterogeneities and anisotropy of the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Insights into the Cenozoic intraplate volcanisms

The SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a key channel for understanding the plateau's evolution. However, the links between mantle dynamics, surface deformation, and associated intraplate volcanism remain elusive. Here, 3D radially anisotropic seismic structures of the upper mantle beneath the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau are presented based on adjoint waveform tomography using dense arrays. The seismic image shows a prominent tectonic transition along 26°N, characterized by strong heterogeneities. In the north of 26°N, lithospheric delamination is revealed by high-velocity anomalies between the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Craton at the 150–250 km depth, which may drive the early Cenozoic potassic volcanism. In the south of 26°N, asthenospheric flow is suggested by significantly low velocity and positive radial anisotropy at the uppermost mantle, which probably accounts for the late Cenozoic sodic volcanism. We propose that such upper mantle dynamics shape the surface expression of plateau uplift and intraplate volcanism. Plain language summaryThe mechanism controlling the growth and volcanism of the Tibetan Plateau remains ambiguous. We present clues from subsurface structures using earthquake seismology. We observe strong heterogeneities of velocity and anisotropy in the upper mantle of the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric flow control the generation of the early Cenozoic K-rich volcanism and late Cenozoic Na-rich volcanism, respectively. Our study indicates that tectonic transition might exist in the subsurface of the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.

Research on 3D network in-situ grown NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays construction and its energy storage performance

In this paper, NiCo2O4 nanowire arrays are synthesized on 3D NF skeleton by a one-step hydrothermal method and used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Dense nanowire arrays are grown in situ on NF skeleton, cross-linked and constructed into 3D network structure. As an anode, it exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. The initial discharge capacity of NiCo2O4/NF is as high as 1316 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, and the specific capacity of 790 mAh g−1 can be maintained after 200 cycles. And NiCo2O4/NF can also maintain a specific capacity of 580.37 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in the rating performance. And transfer resistance after 200 cycles reduced by 53.5%,which shows a tendency to decrease during the reaction process and accelerates the rate of Li+ transfer, improved battery cycling performance. The excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the high aspect ratio of the nanowires themselves and the stable 3D network structure, which not only facilitates the rapid transfer of substances and diffusion of Li+, but also alleviates the volume change during the charge/discharge cycle. The band gap of NiCo2O4 can be obtained as 0.671 eV by first nature principle calculation, the electrons readily jump from the valence band to the conduction band and have good conductivity. And the diffusion potential barrier is 0.4 eV, which is easily overcome in the experiment and facilitates the transport of lithium ions.

Optoplasmonic Effects in Highly Curved Surfaces for Catalysis, Photothermal Heating, and SERS.

Surface curvature can be used to focus light and alter optical processes. Here, we show that curved surfaces (spheres, cylinders, and cones) with a radius of around 5 μm lead to maximal optoplasmonic properties including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photocatalysis, and photothermal processes. Glass microspheres, microfibers, pulled fibers, and control flat substrates were functionalized with well-dispersed and dense arrays of 45 nm Au NP using polystyrene-block-poly-4-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P4VP) and chemically modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA, SERS reporter), 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT, reactive to plasmonic catalysis), or 4-fluorophenyl isocyanide (FPIC, photothermal reporter). The various curved substrates enhanced the plasmonic properties by focusing the light in a photonic nanojet and providing a directional antenna to increase the collection efficacy of SERS photons. The optoplasmonic effects led to an increase of up to 1 order of magnitude of the SERS response, up to 5 times the photocatalytic conversion of 4-NBT to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene when the diameter of the curved surfaces was about 5 μm and a small increase in photothermal effects. Taken together, the results provide evidence that curvature enhances plasmonic properties and that its effect is maximal for spherical objects around a few micrometers in diameter, in agreement with a theoretical framework based on geometrical optics. These enhanced plasmonic effects and the stationary-phase-like plasmonic substrates pave the way to the next generation of sensors, plasmonic photocatalysts, and photothermal devices.

Boosting hierarchical construction and charge storage capacity of polyaniline arrays grown on the surface of carbon cloth with the aid of graphene interlayer

To satisfy the demands of high areal energy density for wearable devices, a strategy was presented to design hierarchical structured polyaniline (PANI) arrays on the surface of carbon cloth as the composite textile electrodes for lightweight and flexible supercapacitors. Benefiting from the introducing of graphene interlayer as conductive buffer layer and biomass organic acids including succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid as the dopants, the oriented growth of dense PANI array with hierarchical structure were greatly promoted especially in the presence of tartaric acid. Unique array structures constructed on the thin graphene layer significantly increase the specific surface area of the electrode, and facilitate the ion transport and dissipate stress from repeated polymeric volume change, resulting in considerably enhanced areal capacitance, rate retention and structural stability for PANI composite textile electrodes. The all–solid–state supercapacitor assembled with redox gel electrolyte possesses a high areal capacitance of up to 2181 mF cm−2 at the current density of 5 mA cm−2, and delivers a maximum energy density of 302.9 μWh cm−2 at the power density of 1752.1 μW cm−2 with excellent cycling stability and bending ability, thus demonstrating its great potential applications for wearable electronics.

Liquid Interfacial Coassembly of Plasmonic Arrays and Trace Hydrophobic Nanoplastics in Edible Oils for Robust Identification and Classification by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

The ubiquity of micro-/nanoplastics poses a visible threat to the environment, aquatic organisms, and human beings and has become a global concern. Here, we proposed a liquid interface-based strategy using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to coassemble nanoplastics and gold nanoparticles into a dense and homogeneous plasmonic array, thereby enabling the rapid and sensitive detection of trace nanoplastics. In addition, due to the uniqueness of the oil-water immiscible two-phase interface, we achieved ideal results for the detection of nanoplastics in a complex matrix (e.g., aqueous environment and edible oil) with a detection limit of μg/mL. With the aid of the principal component analysis algorithm, the differentiation and identification of multiple nanoplastic components (e.g., polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate) in aqueous environments and common hazards (e.g., Bap and Phe) in edible oil were achieved. Therefore, our self-assembled plasmonic arrays are expected to be used for monitoring environmental pollution and food safety.