Denier Polyester Research Articles

Machine learning assisted mechanical properties prediction of fine denier polyester fiber

In recent years, more and more attention has been attracted by fine denier polyester fibers in electronic information industry due to their unique structural and excellent mechanical properties. As known, the mechanical properties of fine denier polyester fibers have a close relationship with their melt-spinning process parameters, thus, it is worth further exploring the influence of process parameters on fiber mechanical properties (namely breaking strength, elongation at break and CV of breaking strength). This study aims to develop a novel prediction model based on the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the key mechanical properties of fine denier polyester fibers. For this purpose, firstly, different specifications of fine denier polyester fibers with different mechanical properties are produced by adjusting the key melt-spinning parameters, namely spinning temperature, take-roll speed and metering pump speed. Then the experimental data is collected, analyzed and augmented with effect to be used for modeling. Next, a novel prediction model based on ANN is developed by importing the two-streams structure and two attention matrices to improve the feature abstraction for mechanical properties prediction. Lastly, different predictive performance indicators, namely root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) are imported to evaluate the proposed model. For the total of three mechanical properties, the predicted results of the proposed model in terms of RMSE, MAPE and R2 are respectively 0.3499, 0.0906 and 2.9516.

Structural properties and diameter prediction of fine denier polyester fiber based on machine learning algorithms

Fine denier polyester fibers have attracted attention in electronic information industry owing to their unique structural properties and ultra fine diameters. Since there is a close connection between melt-spinning process parameters and their structural properties and diameters, the influence of process parameters on fiber structural properties and diameters is an issue worth further exploration. This study aims to construct prediction models based on the Gaussian process regression (GPR), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms to predict the structural properties and diameter of fine denier polyester fibers. For this purpose, firstly, fine denier polyester fibers with different structural properties (i.e., orientation degree and crystallinity) and diameters are produced by changing the key melt-spinning parameters, namely spinning temperature, take-up speed and metering pump speed. Then GPR, RBFNN and ELM methods are applied to predict the structural properties and diameter of fine denier polyester fibers based on the experimental data. Lastly, different predictive performance indicators, namely mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are imported to evaluate the above three methods. The predicted results which the MSE values of GPR, RBFNN and ELM models are respectively 0.461, 0.358, 0.136, and the MAE values of GPR, RBFNN and ELM models are respectively 0.625, 0.564, 0.320 show that ELM model provided superior performance over the GPR and RBFNN models in predicting the structural properties and diameter of fine denier polyester fibers.

Development of Thermally Comfortable Clothing for Hot and Humid Environment

ABSTRACT Comfort is essential in sportswear, where athlete requires transportation and evaporation of sweat from body. In addition to that water vapor permeability, thermal resistance and air permeability are also inevitable elements that decide thermal comfort of sportswear. Double face knitted fabrics are usually used to make sure excellent comfort of cloth in active and sports wears. In this research, two faced knitted fabrics were prepared using standard polyester and micro denier polyester in combinations with cellulosic yarns (micro-modal, micro-tencel, modal, tencel, viscose and cotton) in inner and outer layers, respectively. The most important characteristics of thermal comfort like thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, air permeability and overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) were measured for all the double face knitted fabric samples. The investigational outcome established that the modal, micro-modal, tencel, micro-tencel, viscose and cotton yarns in combinations with standard polyester and micro denier polyester yarns affect the thermo physiological comfort characteristics considerably. The results also showed that micro denier polyester/micro-tencel combination gave best OMMC, while the air permeability of polyester/viscose, water vapor permeability of polyester/tencel and thermal resistance of polyester/modal combinations were measured to be the best. This paper elaborates the thermal comfort behavior of all possible combinations of double faced knitted fabric in detail with reasoning.

Study on Moisture Management Properties of Plated Interlock Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT In this study eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo, eri silk/micro denier polyester/tencel plated interlock fabrics and the moisture management properties have been developed and analyzed. The effects of raw material combination and fabric structure on moisture management properties with plated interlock knit fabrics are examined. For this study, two types of plated interlock knit structures have been developed. The outer layer made up of bamboo/tencel yarns (14.8 tex), the middle layer micro denier polyester (125 denier) connected with more tuck points, the next to skin layer made up of eri silk yarns (14.3 tex). The result shows that plated interlock knit structure are highly influences the moisture management properties. When compare to eri silk/micro denier polyester/bamboo and tencel combination Excellent moisture management properties were observed in eri silk/micro denier/tencel combination plated interlock knitted fabrics.

Variation of physical durability between LLIN products and net use environments: summary of findings from four African countries

BackgroundPhysical durability of long-lasting-insecticidal nets (LLIN) is an important aspect of the effectiveness of LLIN as a malaria prevention tool, but there is limited data on performance across locations and products. This secondary analysis of data from the VectorWorks project from 10 sites in four African countries involving six LLIN brands provides such data.MethodsA total of 4672 campaign nets from 1976 households were recruited into prospective cohort studies 2–6 months after distribution through campaigns and followed for 3 years in Mozambique, Nigeria, DRC and Zanzibar, Tanzania. LLIN products included two 100 denier polyester LLIN (DawaPlus® 2.0, PermaNet® 2.0) distributed in five sites and four 150 denier polyethylene LLIN (Royal Sentry®, MAGNet®, DuraNet©, Olyset™ Net) distributed in five sites. Primary outcome was LLIN survival in serviceable condition and median survival in years. Net use environment and net care variables were collected during four household surveys. Determinants of physical durability were explored by survival analysis and Cox regression models with risk of failure starting with the first hanging of the net.ResultsDefinite outcomes for physical durability were obtained for 75% of study nets. After 31 to 37 months survival in serviceable condition varied between sites by 63 percentage-points, from 17 to 80%. Median survival varied by 3.7 years, from 1.6 to 5.3 years. Similar magnitude of variation was seen for polyethylene and polyester LLIN and for the same brand. Cox regression showed increasing net care attitude in combination with exposure to net related messages to be the strongest explanatory variable of survival. However, differences between countries also remained significant. In contrast, no difference was seen for LLIN material types.ConclusionsVariation in net use environment and net care is the main reason for differences in the physical durability of LLIN products in different locations. While some of these factors have been identified to work across countries, other factors remain poorly defined and further investigation is needed in this area. Grouping LLIN brands by similar textile characteristics, such as material or yarn strength, is insufficient to distinguish LLIN product performance suggesting a more differentiated, composite metric is needed.

Thermal Comfort Properties of Bi-Layer Knitted Fabrics

Transmission of sensible and insensible perspiration is an important factor for fabric comfort. Improvement in the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics results in the achievement of fabric comfort. In this research, the thermal comfort properties of six bi-layer knitted fabrics were studied. The bi-layer knitted fabrics were made with different combinations of yarn in the inner layer and outer layer. The yarn combinations selected were polyester staple yarn-polyester staple yarn, polyester staple yarn-cotton, cotton-cotton, polypropylene-cotton, micro denier polyester-cotton, and micro denier polyester- micro denier polyester for the inner and outer layers, respectively. To find the thermal comfort properties of the six bi-layer knitted fabrics, an objective fabric test was carried out. The results showed that the bi-layer fabrics made from micro denier polyester, both in the inner and outer layers, exhibit better thermal comfort properties, thereby providing a higher level of comfort; hence, they are preferred for active sportswear. The water vapour permeability, air permeability, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of the bi-layer knitted fabric made up of micro denier polyester as the outer and inner layer were found to be higher when compared to the other bi-layer structures. The results were discussed together with one – way ANOVA test results at a 0.05 significance level.

Development and performance study of a new shrink-proof and non-iron cotton blended fabric

The approaches for cotton shrink-resistant finishing can be categorized into chemical finishing and physical finishing. In this research, a new approach to prevent cotton fabric from shrinkage and wrinkling without resin finishing was studied to reach an easy care effect of “wash-and-wear” for related end products. It was achieved by adding a certain proportion of fine denier polyester and memory polyester fibers. Unlike the previous chemical finishing methods, this physical finishing method does not cause yellowing, formaldehyde content increase or strong damage of tensile strength. It can reduce the shrinkage rate and increases the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) through the shape memory formed by the memory polyester fiber in the heat setting stage. Our results were of better condition with significant improvements in WRA, anti-pilling effect, shrink-proofing and strength of the fabrics. The fabrics can be widely used in bedding textiles and shirting fabrics.

Development of polyester needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for filter press applications

This paper reports the development of nonwoven fabric by needle-punching technique for filter press application in textile effluent treatment plant. For filter press development, the nonwoven fabric was reinforced with the nylon scrim as the central layer in order to withstand the filtration pressure. The nonwoven fabrics were developed using different denier polyester fibres and changing punch density. The influence of fibre fineness and punch density on the properties of nonwovens was investigated. The filtration parameters such as filtration efficiency, dewatering efficiency, blinding tendency and cake discharge properties of the developed nonwoven filter fabrics filter fabrics were evaluated and compared with existing woven fabric filter media. The influence of calendering on the filtration properties of the nonwovens was also studied. The results showed that bursting strength of the developed nonwovens increased with increase in fibre fineness and decrease in punch density. It was also found that the air permeability of the developed nonwovens varied inversely in relation to punch density and the proportion of fine fibres. It was observed that developed nonwovens had 8% higher filtration efficiency and 6% higher dewatering efficiency compared to the existing woven fabric filter media. The blinding resistance and cake discharge properties were slightly lower than that of woven fabric filter. It was found that calendering improves filtration properties of the developed nonwoven fabrics.

Mechanical properties of double-layered woven fabrics used in car seat upholstery

The objective of this study is to examine mechanical performance of double-layered woven fabrics used in car seat upholstery. For this purpose, 450 denier polyester yarns were supplied to produce double-layered woven fabrics. For the production of the fabrics, full weft connection, which is warp yarn of the top layer makes a connection with the weft yarn of the bottom layer, was used. To produce such a fabric, four different factors such as bottom layer pattern, number of interlacing warps in a unit report, number of interlacing picks per top warp and number of weft skips were investigated using Taguchi experimental design. After weaving stage, fabrics were stentered. Mechanical and physical properties of the fabrics were measured before and after stentering and the results were analysed with regard to Taguchi experimental analysis.

Thermal Comfort Properties of Bi-layer Knitted Fabric structure for Volleyball Sportswear

The thermal comfort properties of different knitted fabric structures made from modal, polypropylene and micro denier polyester were studied for volleyball sportswear. Eleven knitted fabrics were produced, in which three samples were single jersey, two plated and six bi-layer knitted structures. The air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, wicking and drying ability of bi-layer knitted fabric made up of polypropylene as the inner layer and modal as the outer layer with one tuck point of repeat were found to be higher as compared to other bi-layer, plated and single jersey structures. Both theobjective and subjective results show that bi-layer knitted fabric with polypropylene as the inner layer and modal as the outer layer with one tuck point of repeat is mostly suitablefor sportswear. The results are discussed together with multivariate ANOVA test results ata 95% significance level.

Stainless steel/polyester woven fabrics and copper/polyester woven fabrics: Manufacturing techniques and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

This study uses metallic wires, stainless steel (SS) wires, and copper (Cu) wires as the core and 75 denier polyester (PET) fibers as the wrap material to form the metal/PET wrapped yarns. The optimal SS/PET and Cu/PET wrapped yarns are then made into different woven fabrics. The test results of the metallic wrapped yarns show that the optimal tenacity occurs with the wrapping count being 12 turns/cm, while the metal/PET woven fabrics have a low surface resistivity due to the conductive metal/PET wrapped yarns along the weft direction. An increasing number of laminating layers increases the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) while decreasing the air permeability of the woven fabrics. The laminating angle is also proportional to the EMSE of the woven fabrics. In sum, the combination of metal wires and PET fibers provides the resulting woven fabrics with good EMSE.

Research on Properties of Silk/ Synthetic Composite Flat Multi-Filaments Fabric

Sixty five cocoons were selected to combine with fine denier polyester filaments, and flat treatment was made for the composition on a multi-component composite textured yarn homemade device to produce silk/ synthetic fiber composite flat filament. Then this flat multi-filaments was used as weft to develop zonal silk composite flat multi-filaments fabric. According to the testing of the glossiness and bulkiness, the results show that the glossiness of flat multi-filaments fabric was better than 8% of that of the ordinary fabric, and the fluffiness was also comparatively better than that of the ordinary fabric.

Polyester Bone Scaffolds Using Polymer Adhesives

This study creates a PET bone scaffolds with a stabilized structure. With various twists per inch (TPI), 150 denier polyester (PET) filaments are twisted into plied yarn, after which the optimal plied yarn is braided into PET bone scaffolds. The plied yarn is evaluated for mechanical properties to determine the optimal TPI. The maximum elongation of the plied yarn occurs when the TPI is at its optimal, 9. The PET bone scaffolds are immersed in sodium alginate (SA) solution and CaCl2 solution, respectively, and then observed by a stereomicroscope and evaluated for porosity. The surface observation of PET bone scaffolds indicates that the immersion leads to the adhesion of filaments and consequent, their compact arrangement, which results in a lower porosity of the bone scaffolds, but a greater tensile strength.

Managing Tsetse Transmitted Trypanosomosis by Insecticide Treated Nets - an Affordable and Sustainable Method for Resource Poor Pig Farmers in Ghana

An outbreak of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis resulted in more than 50% losses of domestic pigs in the Eastern Region of Ghana (source: Veterinary Services, Accra; April 2007). In a control trial from May 4th–October 10th 2007, the efficacy of insecticide-treated mosquito fences to control tsetse was assessed. Two villages were selected – one serving as control with 14 pigsties and one experimental village where 24 pigsties were protected with insecticide treated mosquito fences. The 100 cm high, 150denier polyester fences with 100 mg/m2 deltamethrin and a UV protector were attached to surrounding timber poles and planks. Bi-monthly monitoring of tsetse densities with 10 geo-referenced bi-conical traps per village showed a reduction of more than 90% in the protected village within two months. Further reductions exceeding 95% were recorded during subsequent months. The tsetse population in the control village was not affected, only displaying seasonal variations. Fifty pigs from each village were ear-tagged and given a single curative treatment with diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg bw) after their blood samples had been taken. The initial trypanosome prevalence amounted to 76% and 72% of protected and control animals, respectively, and decreased to 16% in protected as opposed to 84% in control pigs three months after intervention. After six months 8% of the protected pigs were infected contrasting with 60% in the control group.

Simulation of Multifilament Superfine Denier Polyester Melt Spinning

Based on melt spinning dynamic model and theory, a basic model of superfine denier polyester multifilament was established. Besides the expressions of quench air temperature and quench air velocity for superfine denier filament spinning process have been established in this paper. In different conditions of diameters of spinneret holes, spinning temperature and the quenching process, the degree of orientation, crystallinity and spinning stress of polyester filament in the spinning process was simulated, respectively. The variation of quench air temperature and air velocity of multifilament in different circles of spinneret was mainly discussed. The research was expected to provide basic theory for optimizing production technique and manufacturing high quality superfine denier polyester filament.

Effect of filament fineness on comfort characteristics of moisture management finished polyester knitted fabrics

Clothing comfort is an important aspect for any garment used for sportswear and leisurewear. Every human being sweats during different kinds of activities. An important feature of any fabric is how it transports this water out of the body surface so as to make the wearer feel comfortable. Hence, wetting and wicking properties are critical aspects during wearing of clothes. Polyester micro-fibers have twin characteristics of durability and comfort. The usage of continuous filament micro-denier polyester yarn for sportswear and leisurewear clothing has a practical significance in clothing comfort. In this study, polyester filament yarn were taken and made into single jersey knitted fabrics. Five different fabrics were made from 150 denier polyester yarns constituting different number of filaments, namely, 34 filaments, 48 filaments, 108 filaments, 144 filaments, and 288 filaments. Moisture management finish was applied to the five types of single jersey knitted fabrics and the effect of filament fineness on comfort characteristics of moisture management finished polyester knitted fabrics was analyzed to achieve suitability for making sportswear. From the tests, it was observed that the fabric containing 108 filaments in yarn gives better wetting, higher wicking, and optimum moisture vapor transmission. A new test method was introduced to find out the transverse wicking behavior of the fabrics. Filament fineness and surface area of yarn play a vital role in deciding the comfort characteristics of the fabric, as also moisture management finish treatment which enhances it.

Study of stiffness and abrasion resistance of needle‐punched nonwoven blankets

The properties of needled fabrics depend on the nature of component fibers and the manner in which fibers are arranged in the structure. Fiber properties along with the various machine and web parameters contribute to the structure that emerges from the needling operation. In this paper, the effect of machine parameters such as depth of needle penetration and punch density on fabric stiffness and abrasion resistance of needled blankets has been studied. The effect of calendering and sandwiching hollow polyester fibers between two layers of fine polyester fibers on the abrasion resistance and fabric stiffness has also been studied. It was observed that fabric stiffness first increases and then decreases as the depth of needle penetration increases. Increase in punch density leads to a decrease in fabric stiffness only at higher levels of depth of penetration due to fiber rupture. Calendering improves the fabric abrasion resistance properties but fabric stiffness also increases. Sandwiching of hollow polyester fibers between the two layers of fine denier polyester fibers improves the abrasion resistance without increasing the fabric stiffness.

Drafting Dynamics of Fine Denier Polyester Fibers

It is important to understand the role of fiber properties in the drafting process. Finer denier fibers may have different drafting behaviors than average denier fibers, such as drafting force, required roller settings, draft distribution, and velocity change zone. The objective of this work is to study the interaction of specific fiber fineness values and the drawing machine. Three different fine denier polyester fibers (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2) are run on a three-over-three roller drafting machine set at six different drafts with three roller settings. A high-speed video camera system observes fiber movements and measures fiber speeds in the drafting zone. In this study, fiber speed and variations in fiber speed are significantly affected by fiber fineness and drafting conditions. Fineness changes drafting behavior by introducing fiber clusters and fiber contact points. The acceleration process depends on the interaction of static and dynamic friction forces at the fiber contact points. Therefore, fiber movement in the drafting zone is not a continuous process, that is, it consists of local acceleration and slowing down of segments of fibers.

Ultrathin-wall vascular grafts for endovascular surgery

The purposes of this study were to develop ultrathin-wall grafts suitable for stent-graft procedures and to examine the feasibility of the grafts from the physical point of view. We fabricated ultrathin-wall grafts with a wall thickness of 42 to 137 μm, using 50 denier polyester threads consisting of 72 polyester monofilaments. We studied the following physical properties of the ultrathin wall: the surface structure of the grafts, the longitudinal tensile strength of the grafts, the water permeability of the grafts, and the size of introducers through which the stent grafts can pass. In ultrathin-wall grafts with a wall thickness of 75 μm or more, a regular surface structure with zero planimetric porosity was recognized. In those with a thickness less than 64 μm, the porosity increased as the wall thickness decreased. The longitudinal tensile strengths of the 75 μm and 64 μm grafts were 13.1 ± 0.9 and 9.5 ± 0.9 kg, respectively. The water permeability of the 75-μm grafts was 380 ml/min, and that of the thinner grafts increased as the wall thickness decreased. Stents with a diameter of 40 mm covered with the ultrathin-wall grafts could pass through introducers with an inner diameter of 18 French. We conclude that the newly developed ultrathin-wall grafts are physiologically suitable for endovascular surgery.

Dye distribution in the dyeing of mixed denier polyester fabrics

Microfibre polyester is sometimes blended with higher denier fibres to achieve good aesthetic effects at lower cost. Two polyester yarns of 1.4 and 0.7 denier were dyed singly and together with a range of depths of CI Disperse Blue 79, and the dye distribution over the course of the dyeings was examined. The uptake is initially greater on the microfibre, but as dyeing is continued the distribution becomes more even, and eventually the same concentration of dye is present on both fibres. Based on the common observation that a given concentration of dye produces a lighter shade on a microfibre, the redistribution of dye during the process causes a continuing shade change even though the bath exhaustion is constant. A mixture of three dyes produced a stable hue on a fabric of 1.0 denier polyester after 20 min at a fixed dyeing temperature, but when dyed on a fabric of 1.0 and 0.5 denier yarns, a change in hue continued for more than 60 min.