Denial System Research Articles

An improved cubature Kalman filter state prediction method based on the design of active denial tracking system.

In this paper, an improved CKF (Cubature Kalman Filter) target tracking method is adopted to solve the tracking and pointing problem in the field of the Active Denial System. The math model of the system is built and the precision requirement is analyzed. The improved CKF method is input as the feedforward compensation for system control to improve the system tracking performance. In the process of the iterative CKF algorithm, nonlinear means are used. The method makes full use of measurement information and estimates the target velocity acceleration model parameters through the neural network, which is used as the input of the CKF to modify the process parameters of CKF and improve the state estimation accuracy. At the same time, the limited lower bound method is used to ensure that the gain reaches the lower bound bottom line of the precision demand, so that it does not tend to zero with time, so as to avoid affecting its rapid response ability during maneuvering and so that the prediction error is also controlled within the range of the precision demand. The simulation and experimental results show the superiority of the method and make the system fully meet the design requirements.

Research on the Application of Legal Personality Denial System to Actual Controller

Research on the Application of Legal Personality Denial System to Actual Controller

A Study on the Application Rules of China’s Corporate Personality Denial System—A Case Study of Puyang Xingye New Energy Co., Ltd. and Other Cases of Liability Disputes for Harming the Interests of Corporate Creditors

A Study on the Application Rules of China’s Corporate Personality Denial System—A Case Study of Puyang Xingye New Energy Co., Ltd. and Other Cases of Liability Disputes for Harming the Interests of Corporate Creditors

An Analysis of the Corporate Personality Denial System under the Vision of the Company Law—Comment on Article 23 of "Company Law of the People's Republic of China"

An Analysis of the Corporate Personality Denial System under the Vision of the Company Law—Comment on Article 23 of "Company Law of the People's Republic of China"

Analysis on the new horizontal p ersonality denial system from the perspective of creditor protection

Analysis on the new horizontal p ersonality denial system from the perspective of creditor protection

Required Operational Capabilities of the Recognition Subsystem in the Anti-Access/Area Denial System

The subject of this article is the issue of "the required operational capabilities of the reconnaissance subsystem in the anti-access/area denial system".
 When defining the assumptions for the reconnaissance subsystem in the A2/AD system, several assumptions were adopted for the analyses resulting from the concept of military operations from the beginning of the 21st century. These assumptions were derived from analyses carried out as part of conferences, seminars, research work, and army command and staff exercises (see: Wrzosek, 2020). Moreover, epistemological achievements in the field of military thought were used to generate solutions.
 The accumulated knowledge is the basis for concluding that the current reconnaissance subsystem does not meet the requirements, full perception of various reconnaissance data obtained from the area of operations and the translation of aggregate knowledge into the cognitive sphere of commanders and staff. Additionally, it was established that in the current organizational and functional solutions, the commander's knowledge is based on an understanding of the area of operation and the enemy troops' situation. Meanwhile, the new scope of reconnaissance tasks under the A2/AD system requires collecting knowledge from all domains where the fate of a military conflict is decided.

Study on the Application of the Rules of Corporate Personality Denial

The creation of the corporate system is a great invention, it gives the company with independent personality and shareholders with limited liability, stimulate the enthusiasm of investors, greatly promote the development of social economy. However, with the development of society, the use of legal person independent personality and limited liability of shareholders to avoid debt gradually increased, so the legal person personality denial system came into being, used to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creditors. The implementation of the legal personality denial system is always centred on two principles, namely, the principle of good faith and the principle of prohibiting the abuse of rights, the purpose is to protect the interests of creditors, mainly through the restriction of shareholders to abuse the rights of the shareholders to deny the abuse of the limited liability of the shareholders of the company's independent personality at the same time, but also to balance the interests of the shareholders of the company and the creditors.

On the Legal Person Personality Denial System

Company personality independence and shareholders limited liability is the basic principles of the company law, legal person personality denial system is the company personality independence and shareholders limited liability exceptions, legal person personality denial system stipulates the abuse of company legal person independent status and shareholders limited liability shareholders bear joint and several liability for the company’s debt, the responsibility of the system does not involve the actual control of the company. But in reality, no matter what the size or nature of the company, the emergence of the actual controllers is always inevitable and commonplace. The actual controller of the company is not a shareholder of the company in small and medium-sized enterprises, but they often use their dominant position to abuse the independent status of the company and infringe the interests of creditors. Usually, the practice is to control the company through other shareholders in the form of capital contribution or manipulate the company in other ways. In view of the prominent problem that the actual controller abusing the independent status of legal person infringes on the interests of creditors in practice, it is necessary to summarize the judicial practice experience to strengthen the responsibility of the actual controller. Whether the legal personality denial system as the basis of the judgment is applicable to the actual controller is worth thinking and studying.

夫妻公司适用一人公司人格否认制度的思考

夫妻公司适用一人公司人格否认制度的思考

Development of the Chinese A2/AD System in the Context of US–China Relations

In recent years, the growing arms race between the United States and China has begun to affect almost all areas of the offensive and defensive military potential of the two countries. One of its key directions is the development of the Chinese anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) system, aimed at blocking enemy’s military actions, information tools, and capabilities in various zones of the theater of operations, as well as the US response to counter this strategy. The Chinese A2/AD concept and its correlation with the doctrine of development of the Chinese Armed Forces are analyzed. Additionally, based on systematic analysis and analysis of sources and statistical data, the dynamics of strengthening the main elements of China’s A2/AD system over the past decade is discussed, including high-precision missiles, ground and air defense systems, fourth-generation tactical aircraft, electronic warfare, antisatellite weapons, and cyberwarfare. Several conclusions are made as to the effect of these processes on the US doctrines and principles of deploying forces in the Asia–Pacific region.

ON JUDICIAL PRACTICE AND LEGAL PERFECTION WITH SIGNIFICANT INSUFFICIENCY OF CAPITAL

The revision of the Company Law in 2013 changed the capital system of Chinese companies from a paid-in system to a subscription-based system, realizing a major legislative adjustment, which provided a way out for many urban entrepreneurs who lacked funds, and promoted the development of the market economy. However, from a theoretical point of view, the oversimplification of the conditions for the establishment of a company poses a threat to transaction security. When the company's capital is insufficient to repay its debts, it lacks corresponding protection for the interests of creditors. From the aspect of the judicial practice of company law, there is a certain conflict between encouraging entrepreneurship and protecting the interests of company creditors. Aiming at dealing with challenges of theory and practice, this paper uses empirical analysis to discuss how to effectively protect the interests of corporate creditors from the perspective of corporate legal personality protection, especially the application and improvement of "significant insufficient capital". This article is based on the fifty cases, including judgment of the lower courts and high court, and analytical methods of these cases. This article points out that, first of all, the legal meaning of capital should be clarified, and capital should be a corporate asset in a broad sense. Secondly, it is necessary to redistribute the burden of proof and strengthen the legal protection of creditors. Finally, when applying the corporate personality denial system, it is necessary to clarify the bottom line function of the system.

On the Development of the Doctrine of Legal Personality Denial in the Insolvency of Associated Enterprises

With the increasing number of bankruptcy cases, the insolvency of associated enterprises among them has gradually attracted widespread attention. The theory of legal personality denial has entered the field of bankruptcy law from corporate law and other fields, and is mainly applied to solve the problem of bankruptcy of associated enterprises, but the legal personality denial system has greater limitations in the current judicial application in China. Through the examination of extraterritorial application, in the new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law in the future, a special chapter on the bankruptcy of associated enterprises should be established. The denial of legal personality system should be the core, mainly dealing with the abuse of legal personality and supplemented by the two major principles of substantive consolidation and equitable subordination and applied prudently. In the process, it will be continuously integrated with China’s judicial practice. The changes in the status of the three institutional principles will be considered when the legal system for the bankruptcy of associated enterprises is perfect and mature.

Highly efficient microstrip patch antenna for wireless gigabit alliance applications

A <span>wireless gigabit alliance (WiGig) is widely known for higher bandwidth which operates at 60GHz unlicensed spectrum for super-fast data speed over short distances for millimeter-wave band application. This study offers an efficient, compact microstrip patch antenna for WiGig with a lesser return loss -50.45 dB (60 GHz). The gain and directivity of the proposed antenna are 13.01 dB and 13.42 dBi. It provides higher efficiency of around 91%. The proposed antenna also covers another mm-wave band that is at 95 GHz. The U.S. military uses electromagnetic radiation of 95 GHz as a non-lethal weapon. So, the anticipated antenna can be used for a miniaturized active denial system. The proposed antenna has a good gain, directivity, and efficiency for the multigigabits/s data rate. The aforesaid properties imply that it can be used for wireless personal area networks (WPAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and fifth-generation (5G) applications too.</span>

Study on the Application of the Corporate Personality Denial System in the Case of Significant Undercapitalisation

Study on the Application of the Corporate Personality Denial System in the Case of Significant Undercapitalisation

Challenges and Threats to Military Reconnaissance and Radio Combat From the Aspect of the Anti-Access System

ABSTRACT This articles aims to present challenges and threats to military reconnaissance and electronic warfare in the context of the organization of the Anti-Access/Area Denial system. The article first presents the assumptions and practice of the A2/AD system and the identification of threats generated by the Anti-Access/Area Denial system for military reconnaissance. It then explains challenges for electronic warfare in the A2/AA system by the latest EW complexes, which bolster better capabilities. In this article, conclusions are drawn from the experience gained during military conflicts and the observation of events on the Crimean Peninsula.

Cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system generating millimeter waves for active denial system applications

The cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system is a demonstration device capable of generating high-power millimeter electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength and observing their effects on living organisms. It irradiates a biological sample placed in a 30 × 30 × 50 cm3 cell with electromagnetic waves in the 3.15-mm-wavelength region (with an output of ≥1 W) and analyzes the temperature change of the sample. A vacuum electronic device-based coupled-cavity backward-wave oscillator converts the electron energy of the electron beam into radiofrequency (RF) energy and radiates it to the target through an antenna, increasing the temperature through the absorption of RF energy in the skin. The system causes pain and ultimately reduces combat power. A cell-type continuous electromagnetic radiation system consisting of four parts—an electromagnetic-wave generator, a high-voltage power supply, a test cell, and a system controller—generates an RF signal of ≥1 W in a continuous waveform at a 95-GHz center frequency, as well as a chemical solution with a dielectric constant similar to that of the skin of a living organism. An increase of 5 °C lasting approximately 10 s was confirmed through an experiment.

Development of a Compact W-Band Gyrotron System With a Depressed Collector

We present the design and experiments on a 100-kW level $W$ -band gyrotron. The gyrotron was developed as a prototype for an active denial system. We measured a peak output power of 100 kW with 50 kV, 6-A electron beam in 50- $\mu \text{s}$ pulses at a repetition rate of 50 Hz. Driven by the long pulse power supplies with 2-A current limited by the specification, the gyrotron operates at the output power of 37 kW with the total efficiency of up to 48% at a collector depression of 18 kV. The gyrotron was also driven in long pulse up to the pulselength of 2 s at the current of 2 A.

The History and Use of Electromagnetic Weapons

This thesis is about the origin and development of electromagnetic weapons used in policing and military tasks as a non-lethal tool. The electromagnetic weapon was taken into consideration as a military or police means of antipersonnel engagement in the late 1970s. In the 1980s the USA conducted some defense programs towards development of lethal high energy laser weapons, to shoot down ballistic missiles and high-power microwave weapons designed to destroy electronic equipment. This technology was adapted by US Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) to construct new or adapted non-lethal delivery systems, which could be used in military operations. Until late 1990s several types of electromagnetic weapons were created and taken into account for practical use. The most important were: Active Denial System and electromagnetic pulse generators devices, for example E-bomb, which was probably used against Iraq in 2003 war.

A Millimeter-Wave Broadband <italic>in situ</italic> Alignment and Monitor System Based on Interferometric Direction-Finding Antenna

Based on the modified apertures coupling theory, this paper demonstrates a millimeter-wave broadband interferometric in situ alignment and monitor system. The numerically calculated results for the directional coupler have been validated by a comparison with the simulated ones, and the results show that the directional coupler can be applied in the interferometric systems. By nulling the difference of the power signals as well as the mixing signals from each coupler pair, spatial and angular alignments of a beam oblique incidence on the mirror can be performed, meanwhile, the power and the incident angle can be detected. Finally, the adjustment precision of the interferometric system completely meets the requirements and it is expected to be used in the active denial system and the high-power radar system.

Design of 95 GHz, 100 kW gyrotron for Active Denial System application

The design work of 95 GHz, 100 kW gyrotron for Active Denial System (ADS) application is reported in this manuscript. The mode selection is performed considering the various technical constraints. Particle-in-Cell code and indigenously developed code based on the generalized non-linear formalism are used in the beam–wave interaction computation and cavity design. Both the codes show good similarity in results. In addition, the design of electron beam source of 364 kW beam power, beam tunnel, depressed collector and RF window are also discussed. The design results confirm the RF power >100 kW with ≈50% tube efficiency.