Denial Of Responsibility Research Articles

From teachers to students: a correlational analysis of the pro-environmental behavior in a private university in the Philippines

Purpose This study aims to address the following objectives: determine the pro-environmental behavior of students and professors engaged in the course Sustainable Tourism; determine the pro-environmental behavior component of the professor that has the highest influence on the pro-environmental behavior of students; and formulate a model describing the components of the pro-environmental behavior of the professor with significant influence on the pro-environmental behavior of students. It also evaluates the norm-activation-theory-aligned pro-environmental behavior of the course's instructor and the students taking the course after they participated in the course Sustainable Tourism. Design/methodology/approach A correlational analysis using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was conducted in the survey results to determine the specific components of the professor's pro-environmental behavior that influenced the students' pro-environmental behavior. Findings Situational responsibility, efficacy and denial of responsibility were proven more influential in shaping students' pro-environmental behavior. This implies that students learn and adopt a pro-environmental orientation through role modeling and practical application, not by knowledge acquisition. Originality/value This could improve the body of knowledge on pro-environmental behavior by analyzing the reciprocal relationships between the person who delivers the course that instills pro-environmental behavior and students who learn from their professors using the norm activation theory.

College Students are Helping Each Other Cheat in the Group Chat and Here’s Why

ABSTRACT When students have a space of their own, unobserved by professors and administrators, where they can freely talk about their classes and share their coursework, many engage in academic dishonesty. But, as observed in the present study, cheating is not a foregone conclusion for students who decide to join an online group chat. The present study examined N = 30 GroupMe chatrooms associated with undergraduate classes at a mid-sized “Southern State University” – observing academic dishonesty how it happens, when it happens. Significant associations rooted in techniques of neutralization and general strain theory were observed for both the solicitation of academic dishonesty and responses to those solicitations. As hypothesized, greater academic dishonesty was observed for appeals to higher loyalties and denial of responsibility. While the denial of injury and condemnation of the condemners each corresponded with greater solicitation of academic dishonesty, no effects were observed for responses to solicitation. The removal of positively valued stimuli also corresponded with more academic dishonesty. However, the presentation of negatively valued stimuli and failure to achieve positively valued goals were, unexpectedly, associated with less of this kind of behavior. Implications for designing out academic dishonesty are proposed within the context of these findings.

When protests become a threat to authoritarian rule: the case of environmental protests in Viet Nam

This paper argues that the decision of an authoritarian regime to use repression depends both on the repressing agent and the costs as well as the threat perception. This is illustrated in the comparison between two environmental protests in Viet Nam. In 2015, the Vietnamese press reported that police had used tear gas against protesters opposing massive pollution by the Vinh Tan 2 thermal power plant but later treated the violent protesters with leniency. In contrast, the 2016 protest against the Formosa Ha-Tinh Steel Corporation was widely censored in the press and numerous peaceful protesters were arrested and harshly punished. The Vinh Tan case was not perceived as a threat and the costs of repression were judged to be high, while in the case of Formosa, the initial denials of responsibility raised the costs for the regime and the movement that emerged eventually was perceived to be a threat to the regime.

POTENSI FOOD LOSS DAN FOOD WASTE PADA UMKM: MFCA, NUDGING DAN NEUTRALIZATION THEORY

This research analyzes the food loss and food waste phenomenon at Warung Tegal in Bekasi City where food loss and food waste dominate in landfill resulted in overload capacity. Warteg did not know about food loss and food waste ‘s potential, so it was ignored. The analysis was carried out to calculate the potential for food loss and food waste generation using material flow cost accounting (MFCA) from 6 Warteg units and using neutralization and nudge theory to see the behavior of Warung Tegal in management. Case study research strategy with observation and interview research instruments using primary data. The results showed that Warteg A produced a FLW of 10.57%, equivalent to Rp. 568,855. Warteg has not carried out optimal management of neutralization through 3 (three) neutralization techniques: denial of responsibility, denial of injury, and appear to higher loyalty. Warteg minimally mitigates food loss and food waste through nugding carried out upstream and downstream.

Особенности самопрезентации российских учителей с разным уровнем эмпатии

Introduction. The modern educator needs to master new forms and methods of effective communication in his or her professional life. The problem of teachers' self-efficacy and successful self-presentation tactics is very relevant. In this regard, it becomes productive to study the relationship of empathy with self-presentation strategies and teaching styles among school teachers. The purpose of the article was to determine the relationship of empathy with the tactics of self-presentation of teachers. The main research methods are the “Teacher Empathy Scale” (Wang, et al, 2022), the questionnaire “Teacher Roles Scale” (Stojiljković, et al, 2012) and the questionnaire “Scale of self-presentation tac-tics” (Lee, et al, 1999). 116 teachers from the regions of Russia took part in the survey, 94.5% of them were women. SPSS 19.0 programs were used for data processing. Re-search results: the most common tactics of self-presentation among Russian teachers are apology, role model and renunciation. Among the least popular are bullying, negative evaluation of others, exaggeration of their achievements. The tactics of self-presentation were associated with the level of empathy: the closest relationship was revealed with the tactics of “attractive behavior” and “request/ plea”. The tactics of self-presentation turned out to be interrelated with the teaching roles: the pedagogical role is intercon-nected with the tactics of “hindering oneself” and “communicating one's achievements”, as well as “an example to follow”. The motivational role is interconnected with the tac-tics of “hindering oneself”, the cognitive-diagnostic role is interconnected with the tac-tics of “role model”. The role in affective interaction is interrelated with the tactics of self-presentation: “justification with denial of responsibility”, “justification with ac-ceptance of responsibility”, as well as with “desire/effort to please”. Conclusions: the most preferred strategies of self-presentation among Russian teachers are avoidance as evasion of responsibility and avoidance of decisive actions and attractive behavior as behavior that causes a favorable impression of the subject of self-presentation. This should be taken into account when building work with teachers in the school system.

Reactive brand management in higher education: the case of a teacher training programme in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Studies of marketing for higher education have widely explored the branding activities of specific entities in higher education such as universities and programmes, but they consistently focus on proactive brand management. Proactive strategies are centred around gaining and maintaining a stronger brand. This also implies that reactive strategies are underexplored. Reactive strategies are rather centred around repairing stakeholder trust in contexts where stakeholders criticise the brand. For instance, in the Netherlands, stakeholders have strongly criticised teacher training programmes, by raising fundamental issues concerning their quality and societal relevance. Based on a case study of a specific teacher training programme in the Netherlands, we investigate processes underlying reactive brand management. We identify several micro-level strategies of brand managers such as acknowledgement, normalisation and denial of responsibility. Our assumption is that these kind of strategies can contribute to the continuity of problematic or even highly controversial entities in higher education.

Emotional cycles and collective action: Global crises and the World Social Forum

As the world suffers the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, global justice activists pursue political solutions to its devastating consequences especially on the weakest sections of the world’s population. I analyse activists’ responses to the 2008 financial crisis to reflect on how collective action is impacted by social crises. The global justice movement and the financial sector face recurring, intertwined, and inversely related cycles of exuberance and crash. I find that, on the one hand, the prevalence and intensity of recurring crises in large transnational collective actors depend on factors including their prevalent emotional dynamics, their dispositions towards their objectives, and their ability to gauge external reality. On the other hand, differential outcomes of crises in groups are accounted for by the capacity to mourn the losses suffered, as opposed to the denial of responsibility and the externalisation of blame. I analyse these emotional dynamics through psychoanalytic lenses to provide a contribution to the literature on the cycles of collective action and, more broadly, to the study of political action and social change.

Suffering to Save Lives: Torture, Cruelty, and Moral Disengagement in Australia’s Offshore Detention Centres

Abstract Since Australia re-established offshore processing on Manus Island and Nauru in 2012, there have been ongoing reports that asylum seekers and refugees are being subjected to torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDT). People in detention have endured indefinite detention, inadequate provision of health care, and sexual, physical, and mental harm as the government attempts to ‘stop the boats’ and prevent deaths at sea. How can Australia continue to violate the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, while at the same time, promote its offshore detention policies worldwide? This article explores how Australia has engaged in moral disengagement from the pain and suffering of people in detention. Examining self-deception strategies such as denial of torture, denial of responsibility, and denial of wrongdoing, it shows not only how Australia privileged migration deterrence goals over human rights considerations, but utilized legal and humanitarian arguments to evade accountability and deny the existence of, and responsibility and wrongdoing for, torture and CIDT. This article explores the under-examined issue of moral disengagement to show how it is exacerbating the vulnerability of asylum seekers and refugees to torture and CIDT along their migration journeys.

Black students' experiences of “acceptable” racism at a UK university

AbstractOur research, conducted with 30 Black students at a predominantly White institution, used mixed qualitative methods to investigate Black students' sense‐making of experiences that signalled their non‐belonging. All participants experienced both overt and covert racism including the n‐word, racist humour, and negative stereotyping; and this occurred in public and intimate spaces. Our reflexive thematic analysis centred on interactional dynamics that can explain how racism on campus is rendered acceptable; and how and why this is consequential for how Black students can act. We found that White students' practices of “acceptable” racism entailed the denial of responsibility and the privileging of White experiences to deflect responsibility. Importantly, these devices signal that the use of racist discourses does not always arise from unconscious bias or naivety. The perceived power dynamics whereby White students decide who belongs and what is acceptable contributed to Black students' inability to act on their own terms.

Animal rights, environment, or health? Effects of argument type and dissonance on the attitudes toward the consumption of animals

The scientific literature and advocacy organisations highlight three harm-related arguments as paramount reasons for the reduction and cessation of the consumption of animal-derived products (ADP) – violence toward animals, damage to the environment, and human health. However, research on their comparative effects is scarce and there is no clear definition of which type of argument is the most effective in restricting ADP consumption. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these types of arguments on meat-eaters’ attitudes and beliefs toward the propositions of reducing and ceasing ADP consumption. The study sample comprised 545 Brazilian adults. We adopted an experimental between-subjects design based on the presentation of vignettes. Each participant responded to one of the vignettes (animal rights, environmental, or health arguments) or a control condition. Results showed that greater levels of ADP-related dissonance provoked greater positive attitudes toward the reduction and cessation of ADP consumption. Compared to baseline, the animal rights and environmental messages significantly increased dissonance and positive attitudes toward ADP restriction, but not the health argument. Participants most frequently adopted the dissonance-management strategies of denial of responsibility, denial of harm, and the articulation of beliefs favourable to change. The discussion highlights that the different effects of social influence contexts and argument types depend on their capacity to reveal ADP consumption as morally problematic behaviour. To our knowledge, this is the first study to experimentally compare the effects of animal rights, environmental and health-related arguments in generating ADP-related dissonance and attitude change.

Analysis of farmers’ environmental sustainability behavior: the use of norm activation theory (a sample from Iran)

Human activities are the most effective and significant cause of environmental changes, some of which are destructive and others are beneficial. One of the most effective steps to protect the environment is to assess farmers’ behavior in achieving the goals of environmental sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the environmental sustainability behavior of farmers using the norm activation theory (NAT) in a questionnaire-based survey. The statistical population comprised wheat farmers in Kermanshah province, Iran (N = 126,900). The sample size was determined to be 382 farmers by Krejcie and Morgan’s table. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and its reliability was confirmed by a pilot test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Five variables of perceived behavior control, perceived self-efficacy, ascription of responsibility, denial of responsibility, and awareness of consequences had significant effects on personal norms. The variable of personal norms had a significant effect on farmers’ sustainable behavior. By and large, it can be concluded that NAT can adequately account for the environmental sustainability of farmers.

Collective Amnesia and Generational Memory in Kamila Shamsie’s Kartography

The war of 1971 has been widely represented in all forms of media in Bangladesh. However, Pakistani literature offers a stark contrast, as references to the war are sparse. The representation of the war in Pakistani official discourse is also understandably contradictory to that of Bangladesh. Kamila Shamsie’s Kartography (2001) is one of the few Pakistani novels setting the 1971 war as its backdrop. This article attempts to understand the role of literary narratives to offer a perspective which diverges from the nationalist public narrative. It endeavours to locate the novel in a world of proliferating international apologies for historical misdeeds. It delineates the cyclical nature of violence and hatred as demonstrated in the novel by drawing connections between various historical events and their memories, as it attempts to understand how the relationship between personal and political shapes individual and national identity. This article demonstrates through a close reading of the novel how narratives are used to forge collective amnesia and collective denial of responsibility, interrogating generational guilt and national self-examination as illustrated in Kartography.

Anticipated guilt and anti-littering civic engagement in an extended norm activation model

The norm activation model typically concerns behaviors individuals perform to avoid contributing to an environmental problem, which recent research characterized as self-managing behaviors. That research also accounted for behaviors focused on the actions of others, which it labeled other-managing behaviors, finding such behaviors are uniquely related to community attachment and anticipated shame/embarrassment. The current study accounts additionally for civic engagement, which it conceptualizes as a “sibling” of other-managing behaviors. Structural equation modeling of data from a national survey of Singapore residents (N = 949) showed that anticipated shame/embarrassment is related to other managing behavior (β = 0.10) and civic engagement (β = 0.15). In an alternative model, this study added anticipated guilt as a predictor of other managing behavior (β = 0.29) and civic engagement (β = 0.21). In that latter model, anticipated shame/embarrassment was not a significant predictor of either outcome variable. A general conclusion is that the extended norm activation model should include guilt as a predictor of other-managing behaviors and civic engagement. The discussion considers these findings in relation to responsibility denial, emotional arousal, and group-based emotions.

Gender, fraud opportunity, and rationalisation

Framed by opportunity and gender theories, this study examines whether men and women who occupy similar organisational positions differ in the types of fraud committed and their rationalisations. Based on 261 published legal cases of convicted fraudsters in New Zealand, our results show that fraudster's position and rationalisation are important fraud predictors. Our multinomial regression results show that there is a significant difference in the fraud committed in a similar position. There is a relationship between female gambling and embezzlement fraud. A large percentage of fraudsters of both genders offered no rationalisation; those who did, claimed they were victims of circumstances (denial of responsibility) and morally justified their offending. The morally justified rationalisation was associated with lifestyles and pleasing others. Moreover, two rationalisation categories —appeal to higher loyalties and condemning the condemners—are significant in predicting the likelihood of obtaining by deception and embezzlement fraud in the New Zealand context. We also identify two distinct patterns of fraud offending: instrumental-opportunist and pathological-opportunist.

Restaurant management and food waste reduction: factors affecting attitudes and intentions in restaurants of Spain

PurposeAlthough the challenge of food waste (FW) in the foodservice sector is significant, restaurant managers do not always engage in its reduction. The psychological reasons for this disengagement remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to explore the antecedents of behavioural intention of restaurateurs (not) to reduce FW. The influence of three factors is tested, namely, market orientation; environmental apathy alongside selected neutralization techniques, namely, appeal to higher loyalties; denial of injury and denial of responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the method of a large-scale managerial survey (n = 292) administered in the commercial foodservice sector of Spain. The data are analysed via structural equation modelling with partial least squares.FindingsThe study finds that market orientation affects managerial intention to reduce FW but not their attitude, while environmental apathy influences managerial attitudes but not their behavioural intention. The study confirms the negative effect of such neutralizers as the appeal to higher loyalties and the denial of injury on suppressing managerial intention to reduce FW. Contrary to initial anticipations, another established neutralizer, the denial of responsibility, exerts no significant effect.Practical implicationsThe study elaborates on the interventions necessitated to neutralize the effect of the neutralizers on managerial (un)willingness to reduce FW in the commercial foodservice sector.Originality/valueThis is the first known attempt to understand the drivers of managerial engagement in FW reduction in the commercial foodservice sector through the prism of environmental apathy, market orientation and neutralization theory.

‘I waste food but this is not my fault!': Exploring the drivers of plate waste in foodservices of Turkey through the prism of neutralisation theory

Plate leftovers account for a substantial portion of food waste generated in foodservices. Although consumers acknowledge this wastage, they blame others or circumstances beyond their control for why plate leftovers occur, thus showcasing deviant behaviour. This study advocates that neutralisation theory can aid in understanding the antecedents of this deviance. The study employs modified theory of planned behaviour to test the role of selected neutralisation techniques in the context of the hospitality and foodservice of Turkey, an established market of out-of-home food consumption. The findings show that denial of responsibility and appeal to higher loyalties, as the key neutralisers, predict wasteful consumer behaviour. Knowledge of food waste and personal attitudes can reduce the impact of these neutralisation techniques, but cannot eliminate it entirely. To tackle plate leftovers, industry practitioners, policy-makers and academics should identify effective counter measures against customer deviance driven by neutralisation. Financial (dis)incentives, (re) design of business operations and more flexibility given to consumers when placing food orders may represent such counter measures.

ANALYSIS OF NEUTRALIZATION THEORY IN HATESPEECH CASES AGAINTS KEKEYI, YOUNG LEX AND NISSA SABYAN ON INSTAGRAM

In this study, the author discusses the case of hate speech on Instagram social media using four sources whose identities are kept secret. This hate speech originated from sources who did not like the nature or physical characteristics of certain public figures such as Kekeyi, Young Lex, and Nissa Sabyan. These public figures become hate speech target on social media, especially at Instagram. Otherwise, they still famous and have a lot of fans and many haters. There are external and internal factors that encourage sources to utter hate speech. The theory used is the neutralization technique popularized by Sykes and Matza who say that violators can ignore moral and social sanctions to commit criminal acts. Origins of the theory roots form delinquency, but in this paper we use it on cyber hate. Offenders, as an individual who subscribes generally to the morals of cyber society but who is able to justify his own delinquent behaviour through a process that we called “neutralization”. The method used by the researcher is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained from this study are that there are neutralization techniques used by the resource persons such as denial of responsibility, denial of victim, denial of injury, appeals to higher loyalties and condemnation of the condemners.

Following Heavenly Orders: Heroic Deviance and the Denial of Responsibility in Narratives of Rescue

ABSTRACT This case study of heroic deviance focuses onHutu who did not participate in the genocidal violence in 1994 Rwanda and instead risked their lives to rescue Tutsi. Drawing from 45 in-depth interviews, we examine how these deviant heroes invoke religion to narrate their actions. We find that interviewees often neutralize their acts of rescue by attributing responsibility to God. We also theorize why those who engaged in rescue may use religion to neutralize their actions, including coping with trauma, mitigating stigma, and managing impressions. These findings have important implications for the study of deviance and for atrocity prevention policy.

Illegal Waste Dumping under a Municipal Solid Waste Charging Scheme: Application of the Neutralization Theory

Illegal waste dumping has become a threat to human health and the global environment. In Hong Kong, the government has proposed a quantity-based municipal solid waste charging scheme to reduce waste. However, individuals may still dispose of waste improperly, even if such a scheme has been implemented. In this study, the neutralization theory was adopted and an online survey with 273 respondents was conducted to examine the reasons for improper dumping intentions. A principal component analysis identified two types of neutralization: intrinsic neutralization (including denial of responsibility, denial of injury, and defense of necessity) and extrinsic neutralization (including condemnation of the condemners and appeal to higher loyalties). A regression analysis showed that intrinsic neutralization and gender were significant factors for illegal waste dumping intentions when attitude toward illegal waste dumping was controlled.

Denials of Responsibility in Couple Therapy

Although minimization of blaming and denials of responsibility are key components of many approaches to couple therapy, there has been little attention paid to how partners absolve themselves of responsibility and counter attributions of blame. In this study, we used thematic analysis to examine 40 videorecorded sessions of couple therapy. The study shows that injuring partners denied responsibility for harm by shifting it to sources outside of themselves, thereby justifying their own actions and minimizing negative consequences. More subtle ways of deflecting responsibility—partial or qualified admission of fault—were also observed. The implications for couple therapy are discussed.