Dengue Research Articles

A review of dengue transmission and dengue therapy among people

Dengue fever is a significant threat to global health, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. It is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus to develop effective control and prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies have provided valuable insights into outbreaks' spread patterns, risk factors, and nature. These are essential for targeted interventions such as vector control, reducing human-mosquito contact, and community-based preventive measures. At the same time, there is a pressing need to develop effective therapies to alleviate the disease burden and reduce mortality associated with dengue outbreaks. Current therapeutic research focuses on antiviral treatments, supportive care strategies, and vaccine development to combat the diverse clinical manifestations of dengue. To address the multifaceted challenges of dengue, there must be a concerted effort toward developing robust preventive measures, innovative therapies, and enhanced diagnostic tools. A comprehensive understanding of its transmission dynamics coupled with effective therapeutic interventions is pivotal in pursuing dengue control and mitigation, as it poses a formidable global health challenge.

Survey Indeks Entomologi dan Identifikasi Larva Aedes Aegypti di Kelurahan Pampang Kecamatan Panakukkang Kota Makassar

One effort to control Aedes aedes. mosquitoes is by knowing the entomological index. The entomological index is an indicator of the density of Aedes aegypti larvae in a particular settlement which is an important consideration in determining effective vector control efforts. The success of larva monitoring is seen from the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI) and Larval Free Rate (ABJ), because these entomological indices are used to monitor the population density of Aedes spp in the spread of the dengue virus. The problem in this service is how to reduce the high number of dengue fever cases. This community service is to determine the larval density of the House Index, Container Index, and Breteau Index. The service methods used are surveys and observations. The results of the larval survey in Pampang subdistrict showed that the HI, CI and BI values ​​in Pampang subdistrict were respectively 26% (DF=4), 14.36% (DF=4) and 27.45 (DF=4) in the density category. moderate, while the larvae free rate (ABJ) is 79%, which still does not meet the Environmental Health Quality Standards standards in an area described as having an ABJ of less than 95%.

Application of artificial neural network method for early detection of dengue fever

Application of artificial neural network method for early detection of dengue fever

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER PREVENTION EFFORT WITH 4M PLUS (COVERING, DRAINING, RECYCLING, MONITORING, AND PLUS SPRINKLING) IN SIDOARJO

The health education activity on efforts to prevent dengue fever with 4M plus given to housewives in Ngaban Village, Tanggulangin Sidoarjo is a form of community service activity in the form of delivering material on efforts to prevent dengue fever with 4M plus as a way to prevent the occurrence of dengue fever. Implementation of outreach activities on December 17 2023 at the Ngaban Village Hall, Tanggulangin Sidoarjo. The target of this health education activity is housewives in Ngaban Village, Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. In implementing extension activities, there is a process of preparing activities starting from making proposals and submitting permits to related parties. As a form of evaluation, this activity was attended by 17 participants. Participants were very enthusiastic about taking part in the activity and 95% of the audience could understand the efforts to prevent dengue fever with 4M Plus

Spatiotemporal analysis of imported and local dengue virus and cases in a metropolis in Southwestern China, 2013–2022

Dengue fever is a viral illness, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. With climate change and urbanisation, more urbanised areas are becoming suitable for the survival and reproduction of dengue vector, consequently are becoming suitable for dengue transmission in China. Chongqing, a metropolis in southwestern China, has recently been hit by imported and local dengue fever, experiencing its first local outbreak in 2019. However, the genetic evolution dynamics of dengue viruses and the spatiotemporal patterns of imported and local dengue cases have not yet been elucidated. Hence, this study implemented phylogenetic analyses using genomic data of dengue viruses in 2019 and 2023 and a spatiotemporal analysis of dengue cases collected from 2013 to 2022. We sequenced a total of 15 nucleotide sequences of E genes. The dengue viruses formed separate clusters and were genetically related to those from Guangdong Province, China, and countries in Southeast Asia, including Laos, Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia. Chongqing experienced a dengue outbreak in 2019 when 168 imported and 1,243 local cases were reported, mainly in September and October. Few cases were reported in 2013–2018, and only six were imported from 2020 to 2022 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Our findings suggest that dengue prevention in Chongqing should focus on domestic and overseas population mobility, especially in the Yubei and Wanzhou districts, where airports and railway stations are located, and the period between August and October when dengue outbreaks occur in endemic regions. Moreover, continuous vector monitoring should be implemented, especially during August–October, which would be useful for controlling the Aedes mosquitoes. This study is significant for defining Chongqing's appropriate dengue prevention and control strategies.

Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dengan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Banda Aceh

Dengue fever (DHF), one of the most concerning health problems in Indonesia.Individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to DHF are important factors that can influence the occurrence of DHF cases. Meanwhile, one of the determinants contributing to determining knowledge, attitudes, and practices is the level of educationand relationship these factors were not tested yet in Banda Aceh.Therefore, this studyfocusedon determining the relationship between mothers' education level and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of DHF prevention in Banda Aceh.This research was a descriptive correlative study with a cross-sectional approach involving 228 mothers living in villages with a high risk of DHF, selected using a proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire containing 62 statements to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practices of DHF prevention, then analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test.The data analysis showed a relationship between the mother's education level and knowledge (p-value 0.00) about DHF and DHF prevention practices (p-value 0.033). Still, there was no relationship between the mother's education level and attitude (p-value 0.754) against DHF in Banda Aceh. This study indicates that maternal education factors need to be considered in planning community nursing interventions to increase knowledge and practice of dengue preventionthat is adjusted to the level of education of mothers in the community.

Medicinal Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia, Caesalpinia bonduc and Quercus infectoria Extracts

Medicinal plants have therapeutic value because of the chemical substances present in them. This study was performed to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of three medicinally important plants, such as Caesalpinia bonduc (karanjuwa), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), and Quercus infectoria (Majuphal) extract; that are locally used for the cure of various diseases, particularly dengue fever. To study the anti-bacterial, phytochemical and antioxidative potential of these plants, plant extracts were made in ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial assay revealed that all the selected plant extracts of C. bonduc, T. cordifolia, and Q. infectoria variably inhibited the growth of test bacterial strains. The maximum antibacterial activity observed for the ethyl acetate extract of T. cordifolia was against Bacillus (41 mm) and Pseudomonas (38 mm). Phytochemical analysis of extracts of C. bonduc, T. cordifolia, and Q. infectoria revealed the presence of alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids, phenols, and reducing sugars. Antioxidative analysis of the extracts of C. bonduc, T. cordifolia, and Q. infectoria, as revealed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (66%, 62% and 77%), phosphomolybdate (480, 520 and 490 µg/ml), showed ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (266%, 371% and 265%), and total flavonoid content (75%, 170% and 155%) assay. Due to significant antibacterial and antioxidant potential, the extract of T. cordifolia was subjected to Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis that confirmed the presence of different bioactive components in the extract of T. cordifolia (Giloy). Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis of the bioactive fractions revealed Phthalic acid and Benzene acetic acid as the compounds responsible for imparting good antibacterial and antioxidative potential to the ethyl acetate extract of T. cordifolia. These findings highlight the potential of T. cordifolia as a valuable medicinal plant for the development of future antimicrobial drugs.

The CARDIAC MANIFESTATION IN DENGUE INFECTION

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue infection rarely affects the heart, but clinical symptoms of cardiac involvement may range greatly from a silent illness to severe myocarditis resulting in death. With the increasing incidence of dengue fever, reports of atypical manifestations are on the rise, these may be underreported because of a lack of awareness and underdiagnosed Cases: A 40-year-old man presents with acute fever for three days with positive non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and asymptomatic bradycardia. ECG revealed sinus rhythm (40 bpm) with an absence of ST-segment elevation. His laboratory examination showed a rise in NT-Pro BNP and CKMB levels. Echocardiography showed hyperechogenic myocardium suspicious for myocarditis, with a left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of 73% and no systolic, diastolic, or valve abnormalities. The patient recovered without further complications and was discharged home. Conclusion: Cardiac involvement is uncommon and encountered in centres which handle large numbers of patients with dengue infection. Clinical manifestations of cardiac involvement in dengue infection can vary widely, from an incidental finding to severe cardiac failure resulting in death. Keywords: bradycardia; dengue infection; myocarditis; NS1

The Looming Threat of Dengue Fever: The Africa Context.

In Africa, compared to 2019, dengue infections have surged ninefold by December 2023, with over 270 000 cases and 753 deaths reported across 18 African Union (AU) Member States. This commentary synthesises the context of dengue outbreaks in Africa and provides recommendations for sustainable control. In 2023, 18 African Union Member States reported outbreaks of dengue, among which seven had ongoing armed conflicts. These countries were amongst the top 15 African countries contributing to the most displaced persons on the continent and accounted for 98% of all dengue cases reported in the continent in 2023. Climate change remains an important driver, both through the displacement of people and global warming. The continent continues to face several challenges in detection, reporting and management, such as the lack of local laboratory capacity, misclassification of dengue cases and lack of medical countermeasures. Solutions targeting the strengthening of cross-border surveillance and early warning systems using a multisectoral one-health approach, local research and development for therapeutics and diagnostics and community engagement empowering communities to protect themselves and understand the gravity of the threat could help curb the spread of the disease in Africa.

Strategi Pemerintah dalam Menanggulangi Penyebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Bandung

The spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) continues to be a significant health problem in the city of Bandung. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the government's strategy in dealing with the spread of dengue fever in the city. The type of research used is a literature study. The literature study method involves a series of activities related to collecting bibliographic data, reading and taking notes, as well as managing research materials. This research method includes secondary data analysis from government reports, field surveys, and interviews with relevant health workers. The research results show that the Bandung City government has implemented various strategies, such as a campaign to eradicate mosquito nests, provide outreach to the community, and monitor dengue cases. However, the success rate of these strategies varies. The main challenges faced include a lack of community participation, limited resources, and a lack of inter-agency coordination. In-depth evaluation is needed to evaluate the impact of strategies that have been implemented and expansion and improvement of strategies to increase their effectiveness. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the government's efforts to tackle dengue fever in the city of Bandung and highlights the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration in dealing with complex public health problems.

Pathogenesis, Symptoms and Diagnosis, and Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Adults

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, characterized by symptoms such as fever, muscle or joint pain, leukopenia, rash, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic tendencies. In DHF, there is plasma leakage leading to fluid accumulation in body cavities, and in severe cases, it can progress to Dengue Shock Syndrome, characterized by shock. The illness is mainly spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, presenting a substantial worldwide health issue. The diagnosis of DHF requires the presence of several criteria: fever or recent history of acute fever lasting 2-7 days, often biphasic; at least one hemorrhagic manifestation such as positive tourniquet test, ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding, hematemesis, or thrombocytopenia; and evidence of plasma leakage. Young adults are particularly susceptible to dengue fever due to their frequent outdoor activities. In Padang City, West Sumatra Province, in 2020, the age group most affected by the disease was adults aged 15 to 44 years.

The Role of Community Health Nurses in Overcoming Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreaks in Densely Populationd Housing

Densely populated housing often faces challenges in managing a healthy environment, which exacerbates the spread of Aedes Aegypti. Efforts to prevent Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can be carried out collaboratively between the community and nurses to suppress the spread of the disease. This research aims to explore the role of community nurses in dealing with dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in densely populated housing areas. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative systematic literature review approach. The research results show that community nurses play an important role in empowering the community through the Larva Monitoring Officer (Jumantik) program to monitor and prevent dengue fever. Collaboration between the government, health workers and the community is very important to reduce the incidence of dengue fever significantly.

Distinct inflammatory markers in primary and secondary dengue infection: can cytokines CXCL5, CXCL9, and CCL17 act as surrogate markers?

ABSTRACT Dengue fever poses a significant global health threat, with symptoms including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Each year, India experiences fatal dengue outbreaks with severe manifestations. The primary cause of severe inflammatory responses in dengue is a cytokine storm. Individuals with a secondary dengue infection of a different serotype face an increased risk of complications due to antibody-dependent enhancement. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potential risk factors and biomarkers for effective disease management. In the current study, we assessed the prevalence of dengue infection in and around Aligarh, India, and explored the role of cytokines, including CXCL5, CXCL9, and CCL17, in primary and secondary dengue infections, correlating them with various clinical indices. Among 1,500 suspected cases, 367 tested positive for dengue using Real-Time PCR and ELISA. In secondary dengue infections, the serum levels of CXCL5, CXCL9, and CCL17 were significantly higher than in primary infections (P < 0.05). Dengue virus (DENV)-2 showed the highest concentrations of CXCL5 and CCL17, whereas DENV-1 showed the highest concentrations of CXCL9. Early detection of these cytokines could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing severe dengue, and downregulation of these cytokines may prove beneficial for the treatment of severe dengue infections.

Repellent Activity Testing of an Essential Oil Gel Preparation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomun Burmanii) Bark) And Kaffir Lime Peel (Citrus Hytrix) Against Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes

Dengue fever is still a disease that dominates, especially in the Papua region. To overcome this, it is necessary to modify preparations based on medicinal plants as mosquito repellents, one of which is gel preparations. This study aims to determine the repellent activity test of essential oil gel preparations of Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) and Kaffir Lime Peel (Citrus Hystrix) against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The method used in this research uses experimental methods. This research was conducted in April - November 2022. This research used two formulations, namely cinnamon bark and kaffir lime peel (FI) formulations which were compared with formulation preparations in the form of a base without active substances (FII). The tests carried out were physical quality tests and repellent tests on the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The research results show that based on physical quality tests, it is known that FI has a distinctive odor, slightly yellowish white color and a thick shape. Meanwhile, FII has the distinctive smell of patchouli oil, milky white color and thick shape. In the homogeneity test on FI and FII it was found to be homogeneous and fulfilled the requirements. In the adhesion and spreadability tests on FI and FII it was found that they met the requirements. In the pH test, the pH of FI and FII has a pH value of 7 and meets the requirements. In the repellent test using arm-in-cage with 3 replications using 20 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The formulas tested were FI and FII and observations made were by recording the number of mosquitoes that landed after using the repellent for 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes. The research results showed that in the 15th minute the protection power was 88.3%, in the 30th minute the protection power was 88.3%, in the 60th minute the protection power was 72.3%, in the 120th minute the protection power was 67, 1%, in the 240th minute the protection power was 51.5%, and in the 360th minute the protection power was 47.7%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the essential oil formulation of cinnamon bark and Kaffir lime peel is efficacious as a repellent.

Is the rise in childhood obesity rates leading to an increase in hospitalizations due to dengue?

Background Obesity and diabetes are known risk factors for severe dengue. Therefore, we sought to investigate the association of obesity with increased risk of hospitalization, as there is limited information. Methods and findings Children aged 10 to 18 years (n = 4782), were recruited from 9 districts in Sri Lanka using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Details of previous admissions to hospital due to dengue and anthropometric measurements were recorded and seropositivity rates for dengue were assessed. The body mass index (BMI) centile in children aged 10 to 18, was derived by plotting the values on the WHO BMI-for-age growth charts, to acquire the percentile ranking. Results Although the dengue seropositivity rates were similar in children of the different BMI centiles, 12/66 (18.2%) seropositive children with a BMI centile &gt;97th, had been hospitalized for dengue, compared to 103/1086 (9.48%) of children with a BMI centile of &lt;97th. The logistic regression model suggested that BMI centiles 50th to 85th (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.048) and BMI centile of &gt;97th (OR 2.33, 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.67, p = 0.0003) was significantly associated with hospitalization when compared to children in other BMI categories. Conclusions Obesity appears to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in dengue, which should be further investigated in longitudinal prospective studies. With the increase in obesity in many countries, it would be important to create awareness regarding obesity and risk of severe disease and hospitalization in dengue.

Edukasi Upaya Pencegahan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Karang

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the most common health problems in society which causes various health problems. This disease is caused by the bite of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito which transmits the dengue virus. In the Tanjung Karang Community Health Center working area, 96 residents in the last 2 years have been affected by dengue fever. The aim of implementing this community service is to provide education to people who have been affected by dengue fever so that they have a higher level of knowledge in efforts to prevent dengue fever. This community service program is implemented using the Asset Based Community Development method. The population in this study were all residents who had experienced dengue fever in the Tanjung Karang Community Health Center working area. The total number of dengue fever cases in the Tanjung Karang Community Health Center working area from 6 sub-districts, namely from January 2021 to August 2022, was 96 people. Then it was entered into the Slovin formula with an error rate of 0.05 and the result was 77.41, so the researchers took 77 people as respondents. Education can increase knowledge about dengue prevention efforts in the community to knowledge that was previously quite good. It is hoped that the community will play an active role in carrying out environmental cleanliness, especially in carrying out the eradication of mosquito nests in order to reduce as little as possible the opportunity for mosquitoes to nest and breed by carrying out draining, closing water reservoirs both outside the house and inside the house and burning used items. Communities who have higher knowledge can be empowered as leaders in efforts to prevent DHF.

Global re-emergence of dengue fever: The need for a rapid response and surveillance

Dengue fever virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus mostly spread by Aedes aegypti. According to the World Health Organization, DENV is found primarily in urban and semiurban areas in tropical and subtropical climates globally, putting approximately half of the world's population at risk, where about 100–400 million cases of the disease occur annually. In 2023 alone, there were over five million cases of dengue fever reported in more than 80 countries and territories worldwide. This is due to an ongoing outbreak of the disease potentiated by unanticipated spike in cases. It is crucial to understand DENV transmission patterns to manage public health effectively. Here, we provide an overview of the recent global outbreak of DENV and propose the integrated/coordinated health system (One Health) as a recommendation for effective prevention and control measure.

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis in Dengue Fever with Raised Transaminase

Background: Dengue fever is a viral fever classically characterized by high-grade temperature, headache, ocular pain, sternal pain, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting and sometimes rash. Apart from above stated clinical features, there may be hepatitis, ascites, cholecystitis, pleural effusion, etc. which are confirmed by investigations.Objective: To establish the fact that acute acalculous cholecystitis is not uncommon in dengue fever. Raised transaminases are good indicators for further investigation and to find out the prognosis and management of acute acalculous cholecystitis in dengue fever.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with confirmed dengue fever who were admitted to Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital, were selected randomly for one month. Among them, 44 patients had undergone for ultrasound of the whole abdomen because of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and raised transaminases. Results: Acute acalculous cholecystitis was detected in 20 patients (20%) with confirmed dengue fever. These patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis were treated conservatively and they recovered completely without any surgical intervention.Conclusion: In dengue fever unlike acute pancreatitis or encephalitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis is not uncommon and it is self-limiting and resolved by conservative management. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 04, January 2024: 190-193.

Prevention of Dengue Fever Based on Dominant Risk Factors within Elementary School Environment in Bandung City

Background: Dengue fever is an environment-based disease that is endemic in Bandung City. Bandung City with an average temperature of 25.86°C has a humid and cool climate which is a favorable environment for Aedes aegypti. The average amount of rain per day is 21.3 days per month with an average rainfall of 200.4 mm. These environmental conditions favor the breeding of Aedes aegypti. Objective: The study aimed to obtain the dominant variables in the 3M Plus PSN.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Method: The population in this study were all elementary school students in Bandung City. Through the Cluster Sampling calculation, 973 minimum samples from 13 elementary schools were obtained. With a minimum sample for each elementary school totaling 76 6th-grade students. Results: The results of the study showed that a Knowledge P-value of 0.023, Attitude P-value 0.036, Perception P-value of 0.000, and motivation P-value of 0.018 were associated with DHF Prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Exposure to information media on dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN is not associated with dengue prevention through the 3M Plus PSN. The variable that most influenced the prevention of Dengue Fever through the 3M Plus PSN was perception with a P-value of 0.000 CI of 2.118 (1.639-2.737). Conclusion: Knowledge, perception, attitude, and motivation are related to dengue fever prevention through 3M Plus PSN. Perception is the most dominant factor associated with the prevention of dengue fever through the 3M Plus PSN.

Factors associated with prolonged length of stay in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients at Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a vector bone disease which is being a serious public health concern in tropical and sub-tropical countries around the world. A high number of dengue cases are reported annually in Bali. Prolonged hospital stays affect the high cost of dengue treatment. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of stay in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients. Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a retrospective study design. The data was collected from the medical records of DHF patients at Wangaya Hospital between January - May 2024. The data analysis method used was the Chi square test as a bivariate test. Results: A total of 152 subjects, mostly DHF patients, were male (54.61%), &lt;40 years old (73.68%), without comorbid disease (71.05%), without low food intake (56.58%), and with a length of stay ≥4 days (66.45%). Most of the patients (&gt;50%) had clinical symptoms of fever (100%), headache (91.45%), and myalgia (83.55%). A statistically significant association was found between comorbid disease and prolonged length of hospital stay with a p value of 0.039 (p&lt;0.05), and low food intake showed a significant association with prolonged length of stay with a p value of 0.001 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: This study identified that comorbid disease and low food intake were factors associated with prolonged lengths of stay in DHF patients. Findings of this study may still prove beneficial for physicians to do early identification of DHF patients who have high risk factors for prolonged hospitalization, which can be an effective tool to combat the increasing disease burden.