Dendrelaphis Pictus Research Articles

Predation by a Painted Bronzeback, Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin 1789), on a Crab at Garbhanga Reserve Forest, Assam, India

Predation by a Painted Bronzeback, Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin 1789), on a Crab at Garbhanga Reserve Forest, Assam, India

Herpetofauna Diversity at Eaglewood Gyrinops vesteegii Conservation Area in Pusuk Protected Forest, Lombok

Pusuk Protected Forest at Lembah Sari Village, Batu Layar District, western Lombok is Gyrinops vesteegii conservation area, the one of eaglewood trees in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Studying diversity and distribution of herpetofauna in conservation area to understanding how this fauna could be stabilized the community structure of organisms in the ecosystems with their act as secondary and tertiary consumers in food web organization. Herpetofauna in this area was captured by visual encounter surveys (VES) method. Eleven species of herpetofauna have been collected from eaglewood conservation area in protected forest of Pusuk, is comprised by four species of amphibians (Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Limnonectes dammarmani and Limnonectes kadarsani) and seven species of reptiles (Ahaetulla prasina, Cyrtodactylus petani, Dendrelaphis pictus, Draco volans, Eutropis multifasciata, Gekko gecko, Sphenomorpus melanopogon and Sibynopis geminatus). This animal group plays as a role in maintaining the stability of eaglewood ecosystems by controlling its pest populations such as moth larvae of Heortia vitessodes and white lice of Dysmicoccus brevipes. Based on this research, higher diversity of herpetofauna with varying types of their habitats could be control the varying types of forest tree pests

Keanekaragaman Subordo Serpentes Di Kawasan Pantai Sendangbiru Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur

The diversity of the Suborder Serpentes has an important role in the ecosystem and is used as a parameter of environmental quality. The high diversity of the Suborder Serpentes in Indonesia is not matched by adequate research and publications. The Sendangbiru beach area is a Nature Reserve area which has the potential to become a natural habitat for all types of animals, especially the Serpentes Suborder because it has a stable temperature and many unspoiled habitats. This study aims to find out what types of snakes are in the area and how the diversity, level of abundance, and dominance of the Suborder Serpentes are. This research method uses a descriptive explorative method by exploring the routes on Sendangbiru beach area. The suborder Serpentes found will be measured for morphometry, namely by measuring the snake's body which includes body length, tail length, total length, number of scales, and sex. This study found 6 species of snakes. The six species found consisted of the Aglypha, Solenoglypha, and Ophistoglypha snakes. The snake species that have been found belong to the Colubridae family as many as 4 species from 3 different genera, namely the species Dendrelaphis pictus of the genus Dendrelaphis, the species Ahaetulla nasuta and Ahaetulla prasina of the genus Ahaetulla, and the species Chrysopelea paradisi of the genus Chrysopelea. While the other 2 species are the Viperidae family with the species name Cryptelytrops albolabris, the genus Cryptelytrops, and the Pythonidae family, with the species name Malayopython reticulatus, the genus Malayopython. The diversity index (H') in the Sendangbiru beach area is 1.79 with a moderate diversity value, an evenness value (E) 1 and indicates that the suborder found on Sendangbiru beach area has an even value and stable community, and a dominance value (C ) 0.17 with a low dominance value.

The medical relevance of Spirometra tapeworm infection in Indonesian Bronzeback snakes (Dendrelaphis pictus): A neglected zoonotic disease.

Aim:Spirometra parasites cause sparganosis, a zoonotic disease, especially in reptiles and humans. This study aimed to report on the prevalence and effects of Spirometra parasites infection on public health and provide a scientific foundation for its prevention.Materials and Methods:A total of 378 living Indonesian wild-caught and captive-bred Bronzeback snakes (Dendrelaphis pictus) were selected. The snakes were euthanized using ethyl ether anesthesia before checking for Spirometra parasites. The numbers of Spirometra located in the muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue, and coelom (including the viscera) were each counted to investigate the distribution of Spirometra inside the snake body cavity.Results:The total prevalence in the sample was 50.85%. The prevalence values in wild-caught and captive-bred snakes were 70.7% and 48.7%, respectively. More than half (56.6%) of the Spirometra parasites were located in the muscular tissue, while 29.5% were in the subcutaneous tissue and 13.8% were in the coelomic cavity.Conclusion:Wild-caught Indonesian Bronzeback snakes, which are sold as food in markets, and captive-bred snakes, which are collected as exotic pets in Indonesia, have similar opportunities to transmit the Spirometra parasite and cause global health problems due to their high prevalence.

Snake Diversity at Universitas Indonesia’s Urban Forest

Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest is part of Universitas Indonesia’s campus located at Depok, West Java. It is modified into an educational forest, green open space, and water absorption area. The condition of urban forest created its own built environment, which is transformed into an unavoidable interaction between human and wildlife, including snake. Some species that are found at the academic area consisted of local species and introduced species from urban area around campus. It is interesting to know about the diversity of the species at Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest. We used visual encounter survey (VES) as a method to collect all data from 2017 to 2018, including obtained report that has been reported to us. The result showed that the diversity index of snake at Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest in 2018 is higher than in 2017. Its composition consists of Naja sputatrix, Ahaetula prassina, Dendrelaphis pictus, Phyton reticulatus, Xenopeltis unicolor, Pareas carinatus, and Ptyas korros. Those snakes are easily found at Universitas Indonesia’s urban forest during wet season.

Inventarisasi Jenis-jenis Ular ( Serpenthes ) di Kawasan Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak

Snakes is a Reptilian that important role in the food chains. This research was conducted in the area of Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. The aim of this research use to determine the types of snakes found and to find out the characteristics of each snake types in Tanjungpura University area Pontianak. The sampling research was done from March to May 2018, with the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. The results found 17 individual of 10 species, 7 families (Colubridae, Cylindrophiidae, Elapidae, Homalopsidae, Pythonidae, Typhlopidae, and Xenopeltidae). The snakes found consisted of 7 species of non- venomous snakes which included as Coelognathus flavolineatus, Cylindrophis ruffus, Homalopsis bucatta, Malayophiton reticulatus, Ptyas korros, Ramphotyphlops braminus (free-living snakes), Xenopeltis unicolor, and 3 species of poisonous snakes which included as Ahaetulla prasina, Dendrelaphis pictus, and Naja sputatrix

First report of acanthocephalan infection in painted bronzeback tree snake (Dendrelaphis pictus)

First report of acanthocephalan infection in painted bronzeback tree snake (<i>Dendrelaphis pictus</i>)

Phylogenetic analysis of colubrid snakes based on 12S rDNA reveals distinct lineages of Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) populations in Sumatra and Java

Nugraha FAD, Fatchiyah F, Smith EN, Nia Kurniawan N. 2018. ­­Phylogenetic analysis of colubrid snakes based on 12S rDNA reveals distinct lineages of Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) populations in Sumatra and Java. Biodiversitas 19: 303-310. The phylogenetic relationship among the major colubrid snakes, particularly those of the subfamily Colubrinae, has been the subject of much debate. Also, there was limited data on the molecular relationships of Sundaland colubrid snakes. This study aimed to examine the relationships among colubrid snakes from Sumatra and Java based on fragments of 12S rDNA gene. We sequenced 17 specimens of colubrid snakes representing 5 genera and 2 subfamilies: Colubrinae and Ahaetullinae. We used maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods for inferring phylogenetic relationships. The result of our phylogenetic analyses is in line with the previous findings for the separation between Colubrinae and Ahaetullinae. Interestingly, we found two distinct clades of Dendrelaphis pictus species with the high genetic divergence between them where D. pictus from Sumatra and West Java separated from Central and East Java clade. Our divergence time estimation showed that the differentiation between these clades of D. pictus occurred in the late Miocene epoch (8.9 Ma) when Sumatra and Java separated after being inundated in the early Miocene epoch.

KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES ULAR DI DESA PERING, KECAMATAN BLAHBATUH, KABUPATEN GIANYAR, BALI

Snakes are cold-blooded reptiles belong to the Order Squamata, Suborder Serpentes. Snakes often found in lowlands, highlands, trees, soil, water and swamps. People in the Pering village especially in Banjar Perang Sada have less knowledge about venomous and non-venomous snakes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the diversity of snakes in the Pering village, Blahbatuh, Gianyar. This study was conducted on 28 January – 4 February 2015. Data collection was performed by direct observation along the potential snake habitats in two plots rice field near residential area and near the Pura Beji. Data collection was performed during night time from at 7:00 to 11:00 PM with sampling focused on Banjar Perang Sada. Individual snake found was cought and identified in situ. This research found 9 species of snakes namely, Ahaetulla prasina, Boiga cynodon, Dendrelaphis pictus, Pareas carinatus, Ptyas korros, Rhabdophis chrysargos, Xenochrophis piscator, Bungarus fasciatus, and Trimeresurus insularis, the most commonly found was Dendrelaphis pictus. &#x0D; &#x0D;

The dominant species of herpetofauna in the coal mining area at East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muslim T, Sari UK, Yassir I. 2017. The dominant species of herpetofauna in the coal mining area at East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 773-779. Changing of habitat condition influences the variety of species including Herpetofauna. Herpetofauna is one of the components in the ecosystem that plays an important role, both from the ecological and economical aspect. From the ecological aspect, it has a specific role in the food chain, and it can also be used as a bio-indicator of the environment’s condition. Furthermore, herpetofauna found in reclamation area of coal mining not only stabilizes the ecosystem in the food chain, but also it can be used as a bioindicator of environment changes and the success rate of reclamation. The aim of this research was to find out the community of herpetofauna comprising and dominating the coal mining reclamation area, especially the wet and dry areas. The research location was located at PT. Singlurus Pratama Kalimantan Timur. The methods used in this research were visual encounter survey and patch sampling. This research found 10 species from 5 families of reptiles and 11 species from 6 families of amphibians. The highest dominant index score for reptile was 0.71, found in the fragmented forests. Meanwhile, the dominant reptile species were Eutropis multifasciata (20 individuals), Enhydris enhydris (4 individuals), and Dendrelaphis pictus (4 individuals). The highest dominant index score for amphibian was 1, found in the settling pond. Moreover, the dominant amphibian species were Polypedates leucomystax (42 individuals) and Fejervarya cancrivora (41 individuals). These two species were the ones able to survive in the degraded areas and they were easily found in the areas with disrupted habitats.

Herpetofauna community establishment on the micro habitat as a result of land mines fragmentation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muslim T. 2017. Herpetofauna community establishment on the microhabitat as a result of land mines fragmentation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 709-714. Herpetofauna community is established because of habitat suitability or adaptation process that forces a species to survive. In the mining region, herpetofauna habitat change has occurred. The loss of natural habitat and the creation of an artificial habitat result in severance of corridor as a connecting line between herpetofauna habitats so that only microhabitat remains. Microhabitats of herpetofauna survive on limited food resources. The process of surviving of herpetofauna in microhabitats is reflected on the phenomenon of the food chain i.e. reptiles act as predators (top) and amphibians are as preys and as insect predators (middle). In the mining area, an area with a source of water is the destination for all animals, especially herpetofauna, and it even becomes the microhabitat for certain species. The purpose of this study is to determine the species of herpetofauna, its communities and its domination on the water area its microhabitats within the mine area. The exploration is carried out by direct observation (visual encounter surveys). The survey location determination is done intentionally (purposive sampling) on the potential habitat in some locations of water sources, such as pit dam, settling pond, man-made lake (embung), rivers and swamps. Based on the similarity index, there are five species of herpetofauna dominating the life in microhabitats and playing role in the formation of food chain community. Enhydris enhydris and Dendrelaphis pictus are species of snake and act as predator of frog Fejervarya cancrivora and Polypedates leucomystax.

Diversity of Snakes in Rajegwesi Tourism Area, Meru Betiri National Park

Rajegwesi tourism area is one of the significant tourism areas in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The area rich in term of biodiversity which are potential for developed as natural tourism attraction. The aim of this study is to identify snakes species diversity and its distribution in Rajegwesi tourism area. Field survey was done in Rajegwesi area, namely swamps forest, residential area, rice fields, agriculture area ( babatan ), resort area, and Plengkang cliff. This study found some snakes, encompasses Colubridae (10 species), Elapidae (four species), and Phytonidae (one species). There are Burmese Python ( Python reticulatus ), Red-necked Keelback ( Rhabdophis subminiatus ), Painted Bronzeback Snake ( Dendrelaphis Pictus ), Black Copper Rat Snake ( Coelognathus flavolineatus ), Radiated Rat Snake ( C. radiatus ), Striped Keelback ( Xenochrophis vittatus ), Checkered Keelback ( X. piscator ), Spotted Ground Snake ( Gongyosoma balioderius ), Gold-ringed Cat Snake ( Boiga dendrophila ), Common Wolf Snake ( Lycodon capucinus ), Banded Wolf snake ( L. subcinctus ), Cobra ( Naja sputatrix ), King Cobra ( Ophiophagus hannah ), Malayan Krait ( Bungarus candidus ), and Banded Krait ( B. fasciatus ) was found. These snake habitats distributes at 21 coordinate points. Keywords: conservation, ecotourism, snakes.

On the Knowledge and Specific Status of Dendrelaphis ngansonensis (Bourret, 1935) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

An overview of the currently recognized Dendrelaphis species, the bronzeback snakes, and their distribution is given with special emphasis on the Vietnamese taxa. We redescribe the holotype of Dendrophis pictus ngansonensis Bourret, 1935, a taxon from North Vietnam which was synonymized by Smith (1943) with Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789). New Vietnamese Dendrelaphis material, either collected by us in the field, or from several collections, proved to be identical with Bourret’s taxon ngansonensis , and clearly distinguishable from Dendrelaphis pictus . We therefore rescind Smith’s unfounded synonymization of these two taxa and supplement Bourret’s data on morphology, coloration, and distribution of the poorly known taxon ngansonensis . Both taxa are sympatric in Vietnam, what confirms the specific rank of ngansonensis . This status seems also to be justifiable with respect to variation in other taxa of Dendrelaphis known so far for South East Asia. Beside the first photographs of Dendrelaphis ngansonensis (Bourret, 1935) we finally provide first data on its habitat.

Contributions to a Review of the Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) Complex (Serpentes: Colubridae)—3. The Indian Forms, with the Description of a New Species from the Western Ghats

We investigated the taxonomic status of the Indian forms of the Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) group on the basis of multivariate analyses of morphological data taken from 176 museum specimens and two living specimens. A geographically isolated form from the Western Ghats, southwest India, is described as a new species. The subspecies Dendrelaphis pictus andamanensis (Anderson, 1871), an endemic from the Andaman Islands, is given specific status. Finally, the population of D. pictus from Indochina and northeast India, although superficially homogeneous, is shown to be comprised of two morphologically distinct forms. These forms are distributed parapatrically with a transition near the northern and northwestern borders of Indochina. The two forms are considered to represent distinct evolutionary lineages. The name Dendrelaphis proarchos (Wall, 1909) is revalidated to represent the northwestern form. The southeastern form is referred to as D. pictus (Gmelin, 1789). Whether intergradation between D. pictus and D. proarchos occurs at the contact zone is not clear.

Contributions to a review of the Dendrelaphis pictus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) – 1. Description of a sympatric species

AbstractA new species of the colubrid genus Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890 is described. Dendrelaphis haasi sp. nov. ranges from the Malaysian Peninsula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Within this range it also inhabits the islands of Pulau Tioman, Nias, Billiton and the Mentawei Archipelago. D. haasi is similar to Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) with which it occurs sympatrically. However, univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate that D. haasi differs from D. pictus in several aspects of its coloration and morphology. D. haasi differs from D. pictus in possessing a faint, instead of bright, ventrolateral line, a narrow, instead of broad, postocular stripe, broader vertebral scales, a lower number of temporal scales, a higher number of subcaudals, a smaller eye, a longer tail and a parietal scale that extends further down the side of the head. The discovery of D. haasi as well as the recent description of D. kopsteini Vogel and Van Rooijen, 2007, both fairly common species, demonstrate that the systematics of Dendrelaphis are still poorly explored and thus need further investigation. An updated key to the Dendrelaphis-species of the Sunda Region is provided.

Geographical variation in the genus Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) within the islands of south‐eastern Indonesia

The south‐eastern islands of Indonesia between Bali in the west and Timor in the east define a region that is at the interface of the Asian and Australasian biogeographic regions. Three subspecies of the colubrid snake Dendrelaphis pictus have previously been recognized from the region: Dendrelaphis pictus pictus (Bali and Lombok); D. p. inornatus (Sumba to Timor); and D. p. intermedius (Sumbawa to Alor). A re‐examination of Dendrelaphis pictus in this region uses multivariate statistics to examine the geographic variation in head‐shield and body measurements within the species. The findings re‐interpret the taxonomy, indicating that D. pictus from Bali and Lombok are specifically different from D. inornatus on the remaining islands on the Banda Arc. The populations of D. inornatus on the islands of Sumbawa, Sumba, Sawu, Flores, and Lembata are subspecifically different from those on Roti, Semau, Timor, Alor, and Wetar.Several head‐shield measures are strongly correlated with longitude within D. inornatus, suggesting environmentally triggered selection gradients. However, for many variables, the two subspecies differ significantly in the direction of the trends which suggests the subspecies respond differently to these environmental gradients. There is evidence that Dendrelaphis individuals may be transported through the islands by anthropogenic agencies.