Demographic Profile Research Articles

Purchase intention of IOS and Huawei smartphones amongst university students

This study examines the purchase intentions of university students regarding iOS (Apple) and Huawei smartphones, delving into the factors shaping their preferences. Using a structured survey, data was collected on students' demographic profiles, current smartphone usage, satisfaction levels, brand perceptions, and key decision-making criteria. The survey also explored the influence of social circles, brand loyalty, and the appeal of promotional offers, alongside attitudes toward technological advancements like 5G connectivity. The findings highlight distinct patterns of brand preference and their underlying drivers. Apple (iOS) smartphones were associated with a strong brand image, premium features, and perceived reliability, while Huawei gained recognition for competitive pricing and advanced technological offerings. Price sensitivity emerged as a critical factor, yet features like battery life, design aesthetics, and camera quality also heavily influenced decisions. Additionally, social influences, including recommendations from friends and family, were pivotal in shaping purchase intentions. Notably, students who favored iOS cited ecosystem integration as a key motivator, while Huawei users prioritized innovation and affordability. The study reveals that promotional offers significantly impact purchase likelihood, with a marked preference for 5G-enabled devices. Insights into brand loyalty underscore the importance of customer service and after-sales support, with a notable openness among students to switch brands if incentivized by better features or pricing. These findings provide valuable implications for smartphone manufacturers to tailor their marketing strategies and product offerings to meet the evolving preferences of university students, fostering greater engagement and brand affinity. Keywords: Purchase Intention, Smartphone Preferences, IOS (Apple), Huawei, University Students.

Characteristics and trends of severe/critical COVID-19 cases in the Republic of Korea (January 2020 to August 2023).

We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing specifically on severe/critical cases, and assessed the trends and rates of severity and fatality among these patients in the Republic of Korea. Clinical data on patients with COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to August 30, 2023 were collected from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency's database. We identified patients who progressed to severe/critical conditions and analyzed their demographic and clinical profiles. Severity and fatality rates were calculated and compared annually to track the disease progression over time. During the surveillance period, 34,572,554 COVID-19 cases were confirmed, among whom 38,112 (0.11%) progressed to severe/critical conditions. Most severe/critical cases occurred in individuals aged ≥60 years, with a notable increase in patients aged ≥80 years from 2022. The overall severity rate was 0.19%, with a fatality rate of 0.10%. However, the severity of cases gradually diminished during the study period. In 2022, the severity and fatality rates decreased to 0.14% and 0.09%, respectively. In 2023, while the severity rate remained stable at 0.15%, the fatality rate further decreased to 0.06%. Notably, throughout the study period, individuals aged ≥80 years had a significantly higher severity rate (0.19%), with a fatality rate of 1.75%. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing protection and management strategies for older adults and high-risk groups to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. Continued surveillance and analysis are essential to effectively control COVID-19 and minimize its burden on public health.

Agropreneurship for Sustainable Development – College Students’ Perspective

Education for Sustainable Development is essential for transforming attitudes, raising consciousness and giving people the information regarding the importance of embracing sustainable behaviours. This induces the research team to identify the perception of the college students’ towards agropreneurship for sustainable development. The research team has analysed the relationship between the demographic profile and the students’ level of Perception towards agropreneurship for Sustainable Development. Besides, the research team had made an attempt to identify the impetus “P” among the 5P’s of Sustainable development goals. Both the primary and secondary data were used for this study. The primary data were collected using Google forms from 160 respondents. The collected data were analysed using statistical tools such as Percentage analysis with Graph, Chi Square Test and Weighted Average Method. The study found that, the demographic profiles like gender and academic domain influenced the perception of student community towards agropreneurship for Sustainable Development. It was identified that, among the 5P’s framework of Sustainable development goals, the student community gave prime priority to the framework “People” followed by the other frameworks Planet, Partnership, Prosperity and Peace. The study revealed that, the student community have a positive Perception towards agropreneurship for Sustainable Development. The student community believes that, their Career as an agropreneur will make a balance between Economy, Ecology and Equity dimension of Sustainability.

Community perspectives regarding brain-computer interfaces: A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults in the UK.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) represent a ground-breaking advancement in neuroscience, facilitating direct communication between the brain and external devices. This technology has the potential to significantly improve the lives of individuals with neurological disorders by providing innovative solutions for rehabilitation, communication and personal autonomy. However, despite the rapid progress in BCI technology and social media discussions around Neuralink, public perceptions and ethical considerations concerning BCIs-particularly within community settings in the UK-have not been thoroughly investigated. The primary aim of this study was to investigate public knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding BCIs including ethical considerations. The study also explored whether demographic factors were related to beliefs about BCIs increasing inequalities, support for strict regulations, and perceptions of appropriate fields for BCI design, testing and utilization in healthcare. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 December 2023 and 8 March 2024. The survey included 29 structured questions covering demographics, awareness of BCIs, ethical considerations and willingness to use BCIs for various applications. The survey was distributed via the Imperial College Qualtrics platform. Participants were recruited primarily through Prolific Academic's panel and personal networks. Data analysis involved summarizing responses using frequencies and percentages, with chi-squared tests to compare groups. All data were securely stored and pseudo-anonymized to ensure confidentiality. Of the 950 invited respondents, 846 participated and 806 completed the survey. The demographic profile was diverse, with most respondents aged 36-45 years (26%) balanced in gender (52% female), and predominantly identifying as White (86%). Most respondents (98%) had never used BCIs, and 65% were unaware of them prior to the survey. Preferences for BCI types varied by condition. Ethical concerns were prevalent, particularly regarding implantation risks (98%) and costs (92%). Significant associations were observed between demographic variables and perceptions of BCIs regarding inequalities, regulation and their application in healthcare. Conclusion: Despite strong interest in BCIs, particularly for medical applications, ethical concerns, safety and privacy issues remain significant highlighting the need for clear regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines, as well as educational initiatives to improve public understanding and trust. Promoting public discourse and involving stakeholders including potential users, ethicists and technologists in the design process through co-design principles can help align technological development with public concerns whilst also helping developers to proactively address ethical dilemmas.

Impact of invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal diseases on adult populations: risk factors and vaccination status

BackgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae infections continue to pose significant health risks, particularly in adults with underlying conditions. This study assesses both demographic and clinical profiles of adult patients with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases, focusing on their vaccination status and outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 217 adults diagnosed with pneumococcal infections at Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, a tertiary-care university hospital in Eskişehir, Türkiye, from January 2016 to November 2023. Cases meeting specific clinical and microbiological criteria were included. Logistic regression was utilized to identify key predictors of mortality.ResultsOf the 217 patients initially screened, 155 were included in the final analysis, comprising 75 cases of invasive and 80 cases of non-invasive disease. Notably, among those recommended for pneumococcal vaccination, only 20.6% were vaccinated, and strikingly, only 9% were vaccinated before infection. Significant correlations were observed between mortality and various factors, including age, comorbidities, bacteremia, invasive disease, and intensive care unit admissions. Mortality occurred in 39 (25.2%) of the patients, with notably higher risks among those with comorbidities and requiring intensive care.ConclusionPneumococcal infections continue to impose a significant health burden, particularly among older adults and those with pre-existing conditions. Our findings highlight the critical role of comorbidities and intensive care unit admissions in affecting patient outcomes, stressing the importance of timely interventions and enhanced health strategies to improve vaccination rates and overall outcomes in high-risk populations.

Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis: navigating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Pneumatosis intestinalis, characterised by the presence of intramural bowel gas, is a radiological finding with varied clinical implications, ranging from incidental detection to severe underlying pathology, including bowel ischaemia or perforation. Its association with systemic sclerosis, a connective tissue disorder, remains rare and poorly understood, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing 34 documented cases of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with systemic sclerosis, examining demographic profiles, clinical features, diagnostic findings, and outcomes of various management strategies. Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis predominantly occurs in older female patients and is associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility and microvascular damage. Symptoms range from asymptomatic presentations to severe abdominal pain with obstructive symptoms, with the latter increasing the likelihood of surgical intervention. Non-operative management, encompassing antibiotic therapy, oxygen supplementation, and dietary modifications, was associated with favourable outcomes and the lowest mortality. In contrast, surgical intervention, often necessitated by suspected ischemia or perforation, was associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. Pneumatosis intestinalis in systemic sclerosis is a complex clinical entity demanding a nuanced, multi-disciplinary approach to management. Non-operative management should remain the cornerstone of treatment for clinically stable presentations, with surgery reserved for those with clear indications. The absence of standardised guidelines underscores the need for further research to refine diagnostic criteria and therapeutic protocols, ultimately improving long-term outcomes in this complex intersection of gastrointestinal and systemic disease.

Development of a Microsimulation Model to Project the Future Prevalence of Childhood Cancer in Ontario, Canada.

Estimates of the future prevalence of childhood cancer are informative for health system planning but are underutilized. We describe the development of a pediatric oncology microsimulation model for prevalence (POSIM-Prev) and illustrate its application to produce projections of incidence, survival, and limited-duration prevalence of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040. POSIM-Prev is a population-based, open-cohort, discrete-time microsimulation model. The model population was updated annually from 1970 to 2040 to account for births, deaths, net migration, and incident cases of childhood cancer. Prevalent individuals were followed until death, emigration, or the last year of simulation. Median population-based outcomes with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were generated using Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology to derive model inputs included generalized additive modeling of cancer incidence, parametric survival modeling, and stochastic population forecasting. Individual-level data from provincial cancer registries for years 1970 to 2019 informed cancer-related model inputs and internal validation. The number of children (aged 0-14 y) diagnosed with cancer in Ontario is projected to rise from 414 (95% CrI: 353-486) in 2020 to 561 (95% CrI: 481-653) in 2039. The 5-y overall survival rate for 2030-2034 is estimated to reach 90% (95% CrI: 88%-92%). By 2040, 24,088 (95% CrI: 22,764-25,648) individuals with a history of childhood cancer (diagnosed in Ontario or elsewhere) are projected to reside in the province. The model accurately reproduced historical trends in incidence, survival, and prevalence when validated. The rising incidence and prevalence of childhood cancer will create increased demand for both acute cancer care and long-term follow-up services in Ontario. The POSIM-Prev model can be used to support long-range health system planning and future health technology assessments in jurisdictions that have access to similar model inputs. This article describes the development of a population-based, discrete-time microsimulation model that can simulate incident and prevalent cases of childhood cancer in Ontario, Canada, until 2040.Use of an open cohort framework allowed for estimation of the potential impact of net migration on childhood cancer prevalence.In addition to supporting long-term health system planning, this model can be used in future health technology assessments, by providing a demographic profile of incident and prevalent cases for model conceptualization and budget impact purposes.This modeling framework is adaptable to other jurisdictions and disease areas where individual-level data for incidence and survival are available.

Awareness of entrepreneurial mindset among physiotherapy students of Delhi: An observational study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in determining the economic fate of nations by generating wealth and employment opportunities, providing various products and services, and contributing to government revenues through taxation. Consequently, there is a strong correlation between entrepreneurship and the economic development of a country. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the level of awareness about entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunities in physiotherapy among physiotherapy students. METHODS: It was an observational study conducted on 123 students of Delhi. A pilot-tested self-administered questionnaire was formulated and circulated to the 3rd and 4th year BPT students and interns to gather data on demographic profiles, awareness levels, knowledge, future career plans in entrepreneurship, and the need for entrepreneurship development (ED) activities at the institutional level. Data synthesis was performed on SPSS 21.0 v and analyzed using a descriptive analysis method. RESULTS: The descriptive data analysis showed that the students were aware of the term “entrepreneurship,” but only 55% were aware of the entrepreneurial opportunities in physiotherapy. However, they were not aware of the characteristics of entrepreneurs, funding opportunities, legal formalities for startups, and entrepreneurial supporting schemes of the government. Results of the study revealed that students were willing to know more entrepreneurial career opportunities in the field of physiotherapy and they also showed interest in joining training program of ED. CONCLUSION: Physiotherapy students were not found to be aware of the entrepreneurial opportunities. Hence, we need to incorporate such training programs in our curriculum to make them aware of such opportunities. Curriculum development will help tailor support systems for empowering future leaders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: By having such knowledge, physiotherapy students will be able to start their venture with innovation in treatment techniques and their application.

Epidemiology and spatiotemporal analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Zhejiang province, China (2004–2023)

BackgroundAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has become a significant public health issue in Zhejiang province. However, the analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of AHC in Zhejiang province has not been studied yet.MethodsMonthly cases of AHC from 2004 to 2023 reported at the county level in Zhejiang province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic features, yearly county incidence, global spatial autocorrelation, local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and temporal and space–time cluster analysis were performed to identify and visualize the spatiotemporal patterns of AHC cases in Zhejiang province. The epidemiological characteristics of AHC outbreaks in the same period in Zhejiang province were also compared.ResultsA total of 52,119 AHC cases were reported in Zhejiang province, yielding an average incidence rate of 5.37 per 100,000. No fatalities were reported. The average age of those affected was 25.44 ± 4.37 years, with the highest incidence (16.70%) among individuals aged between 10 and 19 years. Seasonal peaks occur from August to October each year. Students and farmers experienced the highest incidence rates of infection. Significant positive spatial correlations for AHC were observed in Zhejiang province in the years 2007 (Moran’s I = 0.095, p = 0.039), 2009 (Moran’s I = 0.075, p = 0.031), and 2011 (Moran’s I = 0.173, p = 0.034), indicating spatial clustering. Spatiotemporal scanning identified two distinct clusters: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Cluster 1, characterized by a relative risk of 21.44 (p < 0.001), was located in northeastern Zhejiang province, comprising 30 counties, with an active period from 1st September 2010 to 30th September 2010. Compared to low-risk regions, high-risk counties exhibited a different demographic profile with a higher proportion of men, older people, and farmers. Among the affected students during outbreaks, the predominant symptoms were conjunctival congestion, increased eye secretions, eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia and tearing, while the incidence of fever was relatively low.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of AHC cases in Zhejiang province and underscore the necessity for targeted prevention and control measures in high-risk areas to mitigate transmission and occurrence.

Application of Business Intelligence in Kenyan SMEs

Business Intelligence is still in its infancy stages in developing countries, particularly Kenya. Research has shown that different models are available to assess the usage and adoption of Business Intelligence (BI). In this case, the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) model was proposed as a suitable model for developing economies like Kenya. The study investigates how the TOE constructs affect BI adoption, the BI systems in Kenya, and whether managers influence BI adoption. The equivocal nature of the TOE framework allowed the creation of a structured interview questionnaire that was divided into two parts; the demographic profile and questions based on the TOE framework. The results demonstrated that the TOE factors led to more intensive BI adoption, but there might be a lack of awareness or technical skills to adopt advanced BI technologies. On this basis, it is recommended that managers within small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) learn about better BI solutions and how they can leverage the advantage to enable them to stay profitable, competitive, and data driven. Further research is needed to better understand BI usage within SMEs preferably with larger and representative sample sizes and across different counties within Kenya.

Clinical and angiographic profile of left main coronary artery disease in patients with chronic coronary syndrome: a retrospective study

BackgroundObstructive left main disease (LMD) is a challenging entity of coronary artery disease with variable patterns among different studies. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, demographic, clinical, and angiographic profiles of LMD. We conducted a single-center retrospective study over a period of 10 years to screen all patients who underwent elective cardiac catheterization for chronic coronary syndrome. Of the 19,336 screened cases, 944 obstructive LMD patients were included as the patients' group. Age and sex-matched control groups included patients with normal coronary angiography and non-LMD.ResultsObstructive LMD had a prevalence of 4.9%, a mean age of around 60 years, and a male to female ratio of approximately 3:1. About 9.8% of LMD patients were < 50 years. Compared to males, females with LMD had significantly older age and increasing prevalence with age from 9.7% in patients < 50 years to 27.4% in patients > 70 years. LMD versus non-LMD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and number of stenotic coronary segments and arteries, and nonsignificant differences regarding smoking, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and ejection fraction. Ostial LMD had a prevalence of 2%, a mean age of around 58 years and 21% were females. In LMD patients, the most affected sites were the ostial/proximal left anterior descending artery and distal left main bifurcation. Bypass grafting surgery was the standard angiographic decision in LMD in 75.8% of cases, which was significantly higher than non-LMD. LMD patients revascularized surgically versus percutaneous treatment had significantly lower ejection fraction, significantly higher multivessel disease, and no significant differences regarding age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionObstructive LMD is a relatively common angiographic finding, with a higher prevalence among males around 60 years. In LMD, bypass grafting was the main revascularization strategy. We recommend integrating clinical characteristics, and noninvasive investigations as a predictive model of LMD.

A Study on Factor Affecting Investment Decision among Working Women with Special Reference to Kamrej City

Indian women are now currently engaging in all spheres of society, including but not limited to the classroom, the political arena, the media, the scientific community, technological sphere. Women's participation in investing their surplus funds has increased in recent years however, their success in doing so still depends on factors like their risk tolerance, the sway they have with their social circle, and how difficult it is for them to learn about and gain access to cutting-edge financial tools. The purpose of investment is to gain a profitable returns by investing money .A variety of investment avenues are available to individuals fixed deposit, insurance policies, government securities, corporate bonds, Shares and mutual fund, real estates, commodities, chit funds, post office schemes, investment in gold and silver. Various factors influence the investment decision of the individual. Demographic profile also plays a vital role in investment decision of the individual. Thus, this study aims to find out perception of women investors on factors influencing investment decision on the basis demographical profile of the women investor. The survey was collected from 150 individuals in kamrej city. Descriptive statistics are used to find out the value of mean, standard deviation, standard error, mean of factors influencing individual investment decision. The results found that factors of selection of investment varies according to gender, age occupation usage of internet, level of computer knowledge, usage of online trading.

The Impact of High Burden Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Contractions in Pediatric versus Adult Populations. A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can occur in up to 40% of children with structurally normal hearts. The study aims to assess the impact of high-burden idiopathic PVCs on children in comparison with adults in terms of symptoms, distribution of origin, management strategies, and safety considerations. This is a single-center retrospective cohort study that included patients with frequent PVCs (> 10% burden in Holter monitoring) and categorized by age into adult group (≥ 18years) and pediatric group. Data encompassed demographic profiles, clinical symptoms, echocardiographic findings, electrocardiographic analyses, and one-year follow-up management. A total of 224 PVC cases were collected during a 2-year study (120 children and 104 adults). Syncope occurred significantly more in children than adults (15.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.003). In children, the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) free wall was the predominant site (48 patients; 40%), while the septal RVOT was most common in adults (35 patients; 33.7%). Pediatric cases exhibited significantly higher PVCs originating from the outflow tract (92.5% vs. 69.2%; p = 0.001). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the safety, acute, and one-year outcomes of RF ablation. Age disparities were evident in syncope incidence and PVC origin, with no variance in PVC-induced myopathy prevalence or the safety and outcomes of RF catheter ablation between children and adults.

Efficacy of Intrathecal 0.75% Hyperbaric Ropivacaine versus 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Elective Inguinal and Perineal Surgery: A Randomised Double-blinded Clinical Study

Introduction: Ropivacaine, an amide local anaesthesia, often considered safer alternative to bupivacaine. Bupivacaine, a longer-acting agent that provides dense motor blockade, is known to carry a higher risk of re-entrant arrhythmias and cardiac depression with accidental intravascular injection. The shorter duration of action, coupled with profound sensory block and comparatively less side-effects, makes ropivacaine useful in tackling cases of day care surgery. Aim: To compare the efficacy of hyperbaric ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for elective inguinal and perineal surgery under spinal anaesthesia in terms of time of sensory and motor block, time taken to reach peak T8 level sensory block, total duration of both sensory and motor block, time of first micturition, and any associated side-effects. Materials and Methods: The present randomised double-blind clinical study, was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesia, Dr. D. Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (tertiary healthcare centre), Pune, Maharashtra, India, from March 2023 to August 2023. Study involved 30 patients aged 18-60, classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. Patients were randomly assigned to group RH (receiving hyperbaric ropivacaine) or group BH (receiving hyperbaric bupivacaine). The study assessed for onset and duration of sensory block at T-8 dermatome. The study also assessed motor block onset and duration using modified Bromage scale, observing postoperative micturition, intraoperative haemodynamic changes and adverse effects. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0, with a p-value of &lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: Demographic profile in terms of age {Mean±Standard Deviation (SD) in group RH: 42.93±14.73 years vs group BH: 39.06±11.94 years), gender distribution, type of surgery performed and its duration (group RH: 85.67±39.5 minutes vs group BH: 98.4±32.8 minutes) was not significant. The onset of sensory block (2.09±0.69 min) and motor block (3.52±0.66 min), the time taken to reach T8 level (3.40±0.93 min), was faster in the hyperbaric ropivacaine group. Similarly, the duration of motor block (261.93±73.21 min), time taken for the recession of the sensory block to S2 (351.4±66.78 min), and the recession of the motor block to Bromage scale 0 (291.93±64.93 min) were faster in ropivacaine group. The time taken for the passage of first micturition post-subarachnoid block was earlier (338.73±31.29 min) in ropivacaine group. Conclusion: A 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine is more efficacious, with faster onset of sensory and motor blockade, relatively quick recovery profile, and an earlier time of first micturition in comparison to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.

An Updated Demographic Profile of Orthopaedic Surgery Using a New ABOS Data Set.

The orthopaedic surgery physician workforce is predominately White and male and has been identified as the least diverse medical specialty. Increasing efforts toward diversification within orthopaedic surgery are underway. Evaluating the effectiveness of these programs requires a thorough understanding of the current demographic profile of the profession. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) is the leading board certification organization for orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. The ABOS began collecting self-reported race/ethnicity and sex/gender data of its examinees and diplomates in 2017. This new data set of ABOS was analyzed to describe both the current demographic profile of orthopaedic surgery and trends over time. Underrepresented minority (URM) was defined as a group that is less well represented in orthopaedic surgery than in US census data and includes female, American Indian or Alaska Native, Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander categories. Of the 21,025 currently practicing ABOS diplomates with time-limited ABOS certificates (issued since 1986), 19,912 (94.7%) provided sex/gender data, and 19,876 (94.5%) provided race/ethnicity data. Approximately 84.78% selected male and 8.43% female. The majority identified as White (73.67%), whereas 16.35% selected a URM race/ethnicity category. There have been significant increases in the proportions of female (odds ratio [OR] = 4.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.64-6.11, p < 0.001) and URM (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.80-2.96, p < 0.0001). Diplomates among orthopaedic surgeons attaining ABOS board Diplomates from 1989 to present. Among the subspecialties, pediatric orthopaedics reported the highest percentage of females (30.4%). Spine had both the lowest percentage of females (2.63%) and the highest percentage of URMs (8.97%). Sports had the lowest percentage of URMs at 5.63%. Orthopaedic surgery in 2023 remains largely White and male. However, there have been promising trends toward diversification of orthopaedic surgery both in terms of gender and race/ethnicity. Specialties within orthopaedics have a wide variety of demographic profiles. Level IV Retrospective Cohort Study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Baseline Demographic and Clinical Profile Differences in Individuals Initiating Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Exploring the Role of Alcohol and Tobacco Smoking Co-Addiction

Baseline Demographic and Clinical Profile Differences in Individuals Initiating Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: Exploring the Role of Alcohol and Tobacco Smoking Co-Addiction

Abstract TMP95: Risk Factors, Stroke Characteristics and Outcomes in Children with Inpatient Versus Outpatient Strokes

Children who suffer arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) while hospitalized are often critically ill and may have distinct acute and chronic risk factors, stroke characteristics and outcomes compared to those with outpatient strokes. We sought to evaluate demographic, clinical and imaging profiles of children with inpatient versus outpatient strokes, and compare mortality between the two groups. Methods: The Stanford Pediatric Stroke Registry retrospectively and prospectively enrolled children with acute AIS who were admitted to our tertiary care pediatric hospital between 2007-2024. For this analysis we included patients who met the following criteria: 1) age 30 days-18 years old; 2) new diagnosis of AIS; 3) acute neuroimaging available for direct review. Inpatient strokes were defined as strokes that occurred while the child was hospitalized, either at our center or at an outside facility prior to transfer. Demographic, clinical and radiographic data were compared using chi-squared or Fishers Exact test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test or t-test for continuous variables. Outcomes were reported using descriptive statistics due to the hypothesis-generating nature of the report. Results: A total of 208 children with acute AIS met inclusion criteria; 99 (47.6%) experienced a stroke while hospitalized. Inpatient stroke patients were overall younger and had higher rates of congenital heart diease and cancer than children with outpatient strokes, while trauma was more common in outpatient strokes (Table 1). There were no significant differences in imaging characteristics between groups. Cardioembolism and periprocedural strokes were more prevalent in inpatient strokes, whereas arteriopathy and cryptogenic stroke were the most common stroke etiologies in outpatients (Table 2). A significantly higher proportion of inpatient stroke patients died compared to outpatient strokes (27.3% vs 3.7%, p&lt;0.0001); most patients died prior to discharge (Table 3). Conclusions: In our pediatric AIS cohort, nearly half had a stroke while hospitalized. Our study suggests that stroke and risk factor profiles differ between inpatient and outpatient strokes in multiple domains, and that children with inpatient strokes have higher rates of death. Further prospective studies are needed to determine factors contributing to higher mortality in order to tailor appropriate prevention strategies.

Prediction of Different Risk Factors in Relation to Hyperlipidemia Using Framingham Risk Score and Cholesterol Risk Score in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

A condition that affects the circulatory system of the human body is referred to as a cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for a significant number of fatalities globally. Annually, CVDs result in the demise of 17.9 million people, which accounts for 31% of all fatalities on a global scale. The objective of the study was to assess the demographic profile of diabetic and nondiabetic patients suffering from cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to predict risk factors in relation to hyperlipidaemia using two different scales, the Framingham Risk Scale (FRS) and the Cholesterol Risk Calculator (CRC), and to determine the frequency of hypercholesterolemia in relation to CVD. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India. The mean age of patients was found to be M= (51.23), SD= (9.348) years, and among 331 patients (52.6%) were female patients. The mean of Framingham Risk Score was found to be (29.07%). The Framingham Risk Score was found significant with gender and calorie intake below the recommended dietary allowances of the patient (p=0.001). The Framingham Risk Score was found significant with physical activity and employment status of the patients (p= 0.001). In linear regression, the Framingham Risk Score was found significant with the lipid profile of the patients (p=0.001) i.e., the higher the value of cholesterol level, the higher the Framingham Risk Score. The chi-square test showed a significant relation between Cholesterol Risk Score and employment status, physical activity, calorie intake, gender, and occupation of the patients (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.004) respectively. The present study demonstrated that patients with high Framingham risk score and cholesterol risk score are at increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present study concludes that the FRS is higher in patients below RDA, patients doing low physical activity, and sedentary workers. In order to provide proper assistance and counselling, healthcare professionals must continuously analyze each patient's risk factor for CVD and barriers to healthy and preventive behaviors. There is a lack of comprehensive studies comparing the effectiveness of the Framingham Risk Score and Cholesterol Risk Score in predicting hyperlipidemia and associated cardiovascular risks within the context of a tertiary care hospital setting.

Natural history study of patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A 3-year prospective longitudinal analysis.

764 Background: Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is a rare exocrine tumor of the pancreas that comprises 0.2-2% of all pancreatic malignancies. There are no prospective randomized studies in this disease and most data about PACC comes from retrospective database analyses and case reports. Methods: The Cancer Moonshot-funded My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor (MyPART) network’s Rare Solid Tumor Natural History study (NCT03739827) is a prospective, single-institution observational study that enrolls patients of all ages with rare solid tumors (&lt;15 cases per 100,000 people per year), including PACC. Patients can participate remotely (field cohort) or visit the NIH for annual evaluations (in-person cohort). All participants complete medical and family histories, patient reported outcomes (PROs) measures, and provide saliva for DNA analysis. Relevant data such as clinical and family histories, surgical and molecular pathology, and imaging results are extracted from patient medical records and entered in the central study database. Archival tumor samples (when available) are analyzed using a 500+ gene panel (TruSight500, Illumina) and discussed in a molecular tumor board. Patients participating in the in-person cohort undergo additional evaluations including clinical examination, imaging studies, genetic counseling, and blood sample collection for clinical and research purposes (standard clinical labs, germline DNA/RNA, immune phenotypes, cytokines) as indicated. Results: From 09/2021 until 09/2024, 17 PACC patients (n=13 for the field cohort, n=4 for the in-person cohort) were accrued. The mean age of diagnosis is 64.7 (48-78) years, and the male to female ratio is 14:3. At the time of diagnosis, 6 patients had Stage I or II, 1 had Stage III, and 10 had Stage IV disease. The median follow-up time since accrual is 7.6 months, and 4 patients have died. No patients have been lost to follow-up. Of the 6 patients diagnosed with early-stage disease, 5 had surgery and all received adjuvant chemotherapy, while 1 patient is receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among the 9 patients diagnosed with advanced disease, 8 received platinum-based regimens as a first-line therapy. Tumor molecular profiling was available for 16 patients. The most common tumor mutations observed were in CDKN2A (29.4%), BRCA2 (29.4%), and SMAD4 (23.5%). Six patients received targeted therapies matched to their tumor molecular profile. Conclusions: The demographic profile of our cohort aligns with previous studies, with a mean age of diagnosis in the early-to-mid 60s and a high male to female ratio. Our cohort highlights a shift in first-line treatment to platinum-based therapies over the past decade. Many PACC tumors have targetable mutations found in molecular profiling, and the efficacy of matched therapy warrants further exploration. Clinical trial information: NCT03739827 .

Risk prediction model of pedicle screw loosening within 2 years after decompression and instrumented fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar disease.

Pedicle screw loosening (PSL) after spinal fusion surgery is one of the most frequently reported complications and leads to poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for PSL within two years in patients undergoing lumbar instrumented fusion surgery based on their risk profiles. Retrospective, observational study. Patients who underwent lumbar instrumented fusion surgery at a single academic institution between May 2015 and February 2019. Risk assessment of PSL and development of a rating score based on patient characteristics. The demographic profiles and radiographic parameters using computed tomography were obtained. These factors were analyzed to determine possible risk factors related to postoperative PSL after 2 years. A scoring system was developed using these independent risk factors and validated using prospectively collected data from another center between May 2019 and December 2021. The occurrence of PSL within 2 years postoperation was 12.7% (40/315). PSL was significantly predicted by smoking, low Hounsfield units (HU) of the pedicle tract at the index level (P), and a low psoas-lumbar vertebral index (PLVI). The risk of PSL according to the categories of the risk score was 1.1% for those with a score of 0-1, 15.1% for a score of 2-3, and 61.5% for a score of 4-6. In validation, this model demonstrated both good discrimination and calibration results. The area under the curve was 0.887 (95% CI 0.830-0.938) for the derivation cohort and 0.835 (95% CI 0.738-0.918) for the external validation cohort. This PSL risk score, including smoking, Index P HU, and PLVI, is a novel approach to predict PSL 2 years post-surgery. This approach highlights the role of factors associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia in the development of PSL and could aid in preoperative decision-making and surgical planning.