Demographic Issues Research Articles

The association between self-esteem and aesthetic component of smile among adolescents

ObjectivesSelf-esteem plays a crucial role during adolescence in a shaping of an individual’s overall well-being and confidence. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the self-esteem in adolescents and their smile aesthetics, as well as to assess the alignment of opinions on this matter between adolescents and dentists.MethodsSample included 413 students in Split-Dalmatia County, aged 13 to 18 (60% females). Data on demographic issues, orthodontic history, and desire for orthodontic treatment were collected by the self-administrated questionnaire. Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory was also used. Smile aesthetics was assessed by each participant and dentist independently using an Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN AC).ResultsSelf-esteem was higher in adolescents who rated their smile aesthetics equally to the dentist than in those who considered their aesthetics to be worse than the dentist (18.5 vs. 16; P = 0.011). The multiple linear regression revealed that the self-esteem of adolescents was positively related to undergone previous orthodontic treatment (β = 1.286, P = 0.020) while negatively related to the female gender (β = −2.531, P ≤ 0.001) and IOTN AC assessed by dentist (β = −0.356, P = 0.015). It was not related to educational level or desire for orthodontic treatment.ConclusionThe self-esteem in adolescence is influenced the most by gender, but the orthodontic treatment and better smile aesthetics might also contribute.

Profile and problems encountered in distance learning among Bachelor of Elementary Education students: A basis for a proposed action plan

This work sought the profile and extent of problems Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) students encountered in distance learning as the basis for a proposed action plan. This study made use of descriptive-correlational research methods. Respondents were the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) students at Mindoro State University, Bongabong Campus (MBC). The study used a researcher-made instrument. Results showed that most BEEd students enrolled at MBC are 21 years old, female, in a state of lower income, single, and in their 4th year. BEEd students foster problems in distance learning concerning geographical location, internet connection, time management, and study habits. There is a significant correlation between demographic characteristics and issues faced, particularly regarding civil status and geographic location. These characteristics include adaptability, distractions, computer problems, and a lack of motivation and support. Socioeconomic status is only significantly related to internet connection, as not all students can participate in distance learning due to financial constraints.

Data and Trends in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, and Some Related Demographic Issues

AbstractAlthough considerable gains in survival have been observed in developed countries, particularly in the last stretch of life, part of these additional years of life are lived in bad health. In this context, a number of actions/inactions that limit or may limit life span are becoming increasingly common. Demography and quantitative sociology are well‐positioned to make a significant contribution to the measurement of the consistency of different end‐of‐life interventions, to the examination of differences over time, space and among different social groups, and to the analysis of the behaviors and attitudes of different stakeholders (the sufferers, their relatives, health care personnel, public opinion). We focus here on euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS). First, we discuss changes in public opinion on EAS in developed countries. Second, we analyze the diffusion and temporal trends of EAS, with a particular focus on Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Belgium; three countries for which it is also possible to consider the connections between the diffusion of EAS and palliative care. Third, we consider several differential aspects of the spread of EAS (mainly by sex, age, and cause of death).

Profile of hospitalised maltreated children aged 0 to 3 years and their families.

Maltreatment adversely affects children's health and development. Knowledge of child maltreatment in early childhood is limited. We studied the demographic factors and health issues in children aged 0-3 years who were hospitalised for maltreatment. In this retrospective cohort study, health and demographic information was extracted from the electronic medical records of children hospitalised in KK Women's and Children's Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. High-risk groups were children with developmental delay (DD), missed vaccination (MV), low outpatient attendance, high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission and Child Protection Service (CPS) referral. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test was used for skewed quantitative variables. Among the 101 children included in the study, the most common type of abuse and alleged perpetrator were physical abuse and parents, respectively. In addition, 35.6% of the children had pre-existing health conditions before hospitalisation, 58.4% had new health conditions diagnosed during hospitalisation requiring follow-up and 26.7% had maltreatment-related injuries. One-fifth of the children had DDs and another one-fifth had MVs. About 20% of them had defaulted all outpatient appointments. High-risk children mostly lived in rented housing. Their mothers mostly had primary education or lower. Most children admitted to ICU or HDU were <6 months old (8/12 [66.7%] vs. 6-24 months 3/12 [25%] vs. 24-47 months 1/12 [8.3%], P = 0.001). A higher number of children with DD were referred to CPS (63.2%, P = 0.049) than to other agencies. Maltreated children have significant health needs that are not fully met through routine surveillance practices. They are at risk of defaulting their hospital appointment. It is imperative that families at risk of child maltreatment are identified early and their needs holistically evaluated, with care coordinated within the hospital-community support system.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of self-medication among the geriatric population of the Wardha district in central India: A cross-sectional study

Background The incidence of self-medication varies greatly for each country. It is a widely used method across advanced and developing nations worldwide. Self-medication is taking pharmaceuticals without seeking physician advice for a diagnosis or treatment. This study will evaluate geriatrics’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding self-medication. The objectives of the current study are to examine the practice of self-medication and assess the knowledge and attitude toward the same in the senior population, as well as the socio-demographic aspects influencing its usage and the reasons for its use. We also aim to test the correlation between demographic issues and self-medication. Methods A cross-sectional study will be conducted in the rural community area of the Wardha district. A survey will be used to evaluate the entire sample of geriatric age groups to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors for practicing self-medication. A semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire Self-Medication Scale (SMS) will be used to understand the participants’ practice and attitudes regarding self-medication. The frequency and percentages of descriptive statistics will be determined. The correlation among variables will be discovered using the Chi-Square Test. Tables, graphs, and charts will present the data analysed. Study implications The present study will help formulate guidelines on medicine access and reinforce them with strong policy implementation mechanisms. The study will also help provide medical insurance or free consultations for populations in need.

Demography as a priority and an integral indicator of the effectiveness of strategic planning

The current stage of development of the Russian Federation poses new challenges at the state level. Strategic planning is one of the foundations for the stable and full-fledged development of the state and society in various spheres of life. Demography and demographic indicators are important areas in strategic planning with strong development potential. It has been established that the Russian Federation faces many demographic problems due to various reasons. At the same time, the very concept of demography is multidimensional, related to key areas in the social sphere. In this context, demography is a priority and an integral indicator of the effectiveness of strategic planning. Solving demographic problems through the use of strategic planning tools will improve the quality of life of the population, increase the level of healthcare and other socially significant development indicators. The article uses both general scientific research methods such as system analysis, logic, deduction and induction, etc. And specifically legal ones, such as analogy of law and analysis of legislation. As a result of the work, the following conclusions were made: 1. Demography is an important national priority and can be considered as an integral indicator of the effectiveness of strategic planning. 2. Demographic problems for the Russian Federation at this stage are generally recognized and acute. It is necessary to strengthen the quality of strategic planning in this area in conjunction with the implementation of strategies in other areas. 3. Demography is a complex component phenomenon that includes many components. 4. Issues of demography, development in this area and problem solving through the implementation of strategies should be addressed, including using data on the quality of life of the population. The latter should be understood as a fairly extensive set of factors representing the living conditions of individuals and society as a whole. 5. The current legal mechanism of strategic planning in the demographic sphere should be implemented taking into account the principles of administrative law.

ДЕПОРТАЦИЯЛАНҒАН КӘРІСТЕРДІҢ ВАГОНДЫҚ (ОТБАСЫЛЫҚ) ТІЗІМДЕРІ ЗЕРТТЕУГЕ АРНАЛҒАН КӨПНҰСҚАЛЫ ДЕРЕККӨЗІ РЕТІНДЕ

The paper is a pioneering study of wagon (family) lists of deported Koreans through the prism of the polyvariant use of a historical source. Archival documents on the deportation of Koreans, kept for many decades as "top secret", became available in the early 1990s, but the wagon (family) lists never became the object of a special analyze and were only mentioned in some publications. Despite the limited and concise information, the lists provide rich material for verifying existing knowledge and identifying new aspects in demographic issues, such as: the average size of a Korean family, its composition, the number of children of Koreans, etc. Surnames, first names and patronymics (if any) indicated in the lists of deported Koreans are a source for studying the anthroponymy, the peculiarities of transcription of Korean surnames in Russian, how the names were given, etc. The topic of the citizenship of the deported Koreans became a key and priority issue because it remained a "blank spot" in research discourse. Opinions turned out to be diametrically opposed: most of the deported Koreans were not citizens of the USSR and vice versa - most of them had Soviet citizenship. Wagon (family) lists indicating the number of confiscated passports and the calculations made on this data, gave a clear answer that the overwhelming majority of Koreans were citizen of USSR. The article used only a small part of the wagon lists found in the archives of the Russian Federation, so the search for these sources and research from the point of view of various social sciences and humanities are ahead.

The Evolution of China’s Policy for Family Planning

It is imperative to understand factors of demographic and social issues, economic development, and global influences which have influenced China’s family planning policy implementation through time from the one-child to three-child policy. To further explore how such factors influenced the evolution of China’s family planning policy and to predict future policy outcomes, this research has extensively discussed demographic challenges, economic development, social issues, and global influences. The research has also analyzed how these factors influence China’s family planning policy direction towards the future. For sustainability, in relation to family planning, this research has identified that the Chinese government could implement targeted and flexible approaches to childbirth control, implement social support and services to help couples meet their family goals, and enhance social awareness via education and family therapy. In sum, this research is important because it provides an elaborate discussion of the evolution of China’s family planning policy and predicts the future direction of such policing to ensure sustainable family planning in China.

Fertility decisions and alternative types of childcare

Increasing population age and low fertility rates, which characterize most modern societies, compromise the balance between people who can participate in the labor market and people who need care. This is a demographic and social issue that is likely to grow in importance for future generations. It is therefore crucial to understand what factors can positively influence fertility decisions. Policies related to the availability and costs of different kinds of childcare (e.g. formal care, grandparents, childminders) should be considered after an evaluation of their effects on the probability of women having children.

ԵԼԻԶԱՎԵՏՊՈԼԻ ՆԱՀԱՆԳԻ ՂԱԶԱԽ ԳԱՎԱՌԻ ԺՈՂՈՎՐԴԱԳՐԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՏԿԵՐԸ 19-ՐԴ ԴԱՐԻ ՎԵՐՋԻՆ / DEMOGRAPHIC PICTURE OF THE POPULATION OF THE GHAZAKH DISTRICT OF ELIZAVETPOL PROVINCE AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The purpose of this article was to present the demographic picture of Elizavetpol province and Ghazakh district at the end of the 19th century. It is known that demography has not only scientific-cognitive, but also political significance from the point of view of the study of Armenian history. Undoubtedly, the fact that demographic issues of the second half of the 19th century have always been in the center of researchers' attention is due to the growth of a special attitude towards national-political issues. The subject of the study is the demographic picture of the Ghazakh district of Elizavetpol Province. Research objectives: to study the process of formation of Elizavetpol province and ethnic composition of the population, to present the population of Elizavetpol province and Kazakh uyezd according to family lists and census data for 1873, 1886 and 1897, to present the age composition of the main population (Armenians, Muslims) of Kazakh Uyezd, to identify the level of education, confessional picture. The research was conducted on the basis of census data, statistical sources and professional literature review. In the course of the study, analytical, historical-comparative and descriptive methods were used. Studying the topic, we came to the conclusion that despite the state's multiethnicity, Armenians and Muslims were the main residents living in Elizavetpol province. It is clear from the census data that Armenians were mainly concentrated in Shushi, Zangezur and Ghazakh districts of Elizavetpol province. The census data also allow us to conclude that a relatively safer and more stable situation was created for the population of Eastern Armenia, which is part of Russia, which in turn was a favorable stimulus for the life activity and development of the population. It would be desirable to compare the size of the Armenian population and growth trends of the Ghazakh district of Elizavetpol province during Persian Armenia and Russian rule, but given the administrative and territorial transformations, the formation of new provinces and the system of local self-government, in fact, the comparison with the provincial composition is inaccurate.

The Positive Impact of the Family State Program on the Social Status of Large Families and the Encouragement of Birth in Georgia

Georgia belongs to a country with a small population, where one of the country's social challenges is the issue of population demography. Despite the fact that the country has one of the strongest social support state programs, which includes measures to support citizens, measures to support demography, birth rate, and large families are underrepresented in it. The article discusses the issues of solving demographic challenges in Georgia, effective implementation of family policy and introduction of incentive mechanisms for large families. The purpose of Nashom's research is to determine the role of state support policies and identify gaps based on the study of challenges related to the birth rate, encouragement and support of large families, demographic process. Introduction of recommendations for the improvement of demography and the state policy supporting large families in Georgia. Mixed-quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to carry out the research, and general research methods were used for data processing. As a result of analyzing the studied international scientific literature, statistical and scientific studies, legislative packages, the state policy of support for large families operating in Georgia, challenges and mechanisms for strengthening the state policy of support for large families were highlighted. The recommendations obtained as a result of the studied scientific material and the conducted research will support and improve the state policy of supporting large families in Georgia and will have a positive impact on demographic issues. The article will be interesting for representatives of the legislative and executive authorities, political entities, public administration specialists and experts.

«Цифровой двойник» населения Арктики в демографических исследованиях и управлении развитием территорий

The article considers “digital twins” of the population as a tool for socio-demographic research and territorial management. The experience of creating digital twins of the population and interactive web-sites devoted to demographic issues is systematized. A methodology for creating a digital twin of the Arctic population is proposed, based on three methodological principles: consideration of the hierarchy of territories, spatial representation of data, and combining demographic statistics with new digital data sources. The author has developed the Digital twin of the Arctic population — an interactive website (dashboard) containing detailed data on the Arctic population, including municipal and settlement levels. It includes demographic statistics, census results and data from digital platforms. The Digital twin of the Arctic population covers such issues as the size, dynamics and composition of the population, resettlement, natural and migration movement, labor and employment, transport movements, science and education, and the impact of the pandemic on demographic processes. Tools of ranking, multivariate analysis, clustering and forecasting of indicator values are implemented for researchers. From the viewpoint of state and municipal management, the main interest is the demographic profiles of regions and territories, reflecting up-to-date information about the demographic situation. Using the Digital twin of the Arctic population, the author draws conclusions about the spatial patterns of the demographic development of the Russian Arctic.

The Impact of Housing Price on Fertility in the Context of China's Three-child Policy - Taking Shanghai as an Example

In light of China's Three-child Policy, this paper gives a thorough investigation of the complex relationship between housing costs and reproductive choices using Shanghai as a case study. This study provides light on how housing costs affect family planning choices by taking into account a number of variables, including economic development, demographic trends, and housing market dynamics. The paper reveals the complex effects of high housing expenses on important elements of family life, such as family formation, marriage postponement, and parenting decisions. It does this through in-depth data analysis and instructive chart representations. These results highlight the pressing need for comprehensive policy changes targeted at reducing the financial stress placed on families. The research also advances the understanding of the complex effects that such measures might have on broader demographic issues. In essence, this study clarifies the link between housing costs and fertility rates while also highlighting the significance of evidence-based policymaking in creating a more sustainable and nurturing environment for families in light of shifting socio-economic dynamics.

Demographics’ Impact on Economic Growth in Central Europe and the Baltic States

Abstract To ensure sustainable development and public welfare, the complex impact of demographic factors on macroeconomic dynamics should be investigated properly. Moreover, a few of the Sustainable Development Goals are interconnected robustly with demographic issues. There are some trends (e.g., substantial increase in longevity, rapidly lowered fertility, etc.) common for most advanced and emerging market economies. We examined the impact of selected socio-demographic factors on the real GDP per capita growth rates in a sample of the Baltic states and the Central European countries that have experienced economic transformations in the 1990s and either entered or declared their intentions to join the European Union in the future. We investigated general demographic dynamics in the region from 1960 to 2021. Due to the data availability, our special attention was focused primarily on the highlighted countries’ socio-demographic and macroeconomic variables from 2000 to 2021. We suggested that there was a certain interdependence between the working age population stratum specific weight, the elderly demographic dependency ratio, public healthcare spending, gross capital formation, and the real GDP per capita growth rates. In addition, we propose the main priorities for social and demographic policy in the field of well-being improvement. The potential ways to enhance the model – regarding healthcare, education, and the general profile of fiscal policy – have been disclosed as well.

CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC COLLAPSE IN UKRAINE

Zinaida Smutchak &#x0D; E-mail: smutchakzv@gmail.com &#x0D; Doctor of economic sciences, professor, Educational and Scientific Institute of Management and Psychology of State Higher Educational Institution «University of Educational Management», &#x0D; Kyiv, Ukraine&#x0D; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-9227&#x0D; &#x0D; Abstract: The article analyzes the demographic situation in Ukraine, which testified to the existence of a deep demographic crisis in Ukraine along with socio-economic problems. The low standard of living, political instability and difficult state conditions caused a dramatic shift in the country's demographic balance. Attention is paid to the problem of migratory activity of the population, in particular forced migration, as a factor influencing the indicators of the demographic situation in the country. Due to the full-scale war caused by russia, millions of women and children were forced to leave the country. It is worth noting, that many years, Ukraine was the main labour donor country for neighboring Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. The consequences for the economy of Ukraine are determined, as well as the main problems relevant for the labour market based on the results of a general analysis of demographic, statistical and analytical information. In any case, depopulation awaits Ukraine - regardless of whether the forced migrants return or not. This means that there will be a shortage of labour in Ukraine, and human capital will be lost. If nothing is changed, in a few years' time, there will be twice as many pensioners in Ukraine as there are working people. That is why the issue of demography should be a priority today and requires urgent measures. The strategy for overcoming the demographic crisis in Ukraine should primarily include two directions: the returning of Ukrainians home from forced emigration; maximum wide-scale work to restore the reproductive potential of the nation.

Population dynamics and urbanization patterns in Pakistan: implications for sustainable development

ABSTRACT This viewpoint explores the population dynamics and urbanization patterns in Pakistan and their implications for sustainable development. It synthesizes existing literature on demographic issues, population growth, rural-urban migration, and urbanization trends in the country. The article highlights the social, economic, and environmental impacts of urbanization and provides insights into policy recommendations for sustainable urban development in Pakistan. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with population dynamics and urbanization, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions for the future.

Identity, Representation and the Canon in Classical Music

Classical music has in recent years been under hostile investigation within society as never before: it is alleged to be elitist, sexist and racist, and has been left in a position where it seems unable or unwilling to defend itself. This article, from a British perspective, examines the imprecise but weighted vocabulary which drives the debate, and considers the complex and apparently unresolvable demographic issues around musical representation by identity classification, of whatever kind. The issue of legacy repertoires and quotas is discussed, as well as the concepts of fairness and decolonization, and some of the reasons which drive the selection of musical repertoires.

Marriage and Family in Putin’s Russia: State Ideology and the Discourse of the Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) presents itself as a defender of traditional Christian values. Among these values, representatives of the ROC mention concern for marriage and family. To what extent is the position of the ROC an expression of commitment to the traditional Christian concept of marriage and family? In this article, we analyse the contemporary Orthodox discourse in Russia since Kirill Gundyayev became the Patriarch of Moscow in 2009. From a political science and security studies perspective, we highlight the main ideological elements of this discourse. We contrast these elements with similar content in Russian official documents and Vladimir Putin’s statements. An analysis of what the ROC says about the problems and protection of marriage and family in Russia, against the background of Putin’s statements and the actions of the state authorities, shows that the ROC’s discourse on marriage and family echoes the main themes of the political discourse controlled by the state authorities. In its understanding of marriage and in its efforts on behalf of the family, the ROC represents a conservative doctrinal position. Although, in doctrinal terms, it essentially expresses the traditional Christian teaching on marriage, the strong ideologisation and securitisation of demographic issues in Russia are also reflected in church discourse.

Consumption of plus-size clothing: a systematic review

Purpose: The consumption of plus-size clothing is part of a growing market, but it is always surrounded by cloudy issues, such as the lack of a precise direction when it comes to producing and selling these garments and the prejudice surrounding the various areas of the fat body. Employing a systematic review, this paper aims to understand the consumption of plus-size clothing through an in-depth analysis of studies published in various areas on the subject. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic review was conducted in the WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases, and 35 pertinent articles published up to the year 2020 were identified, read and analyzed in detail in this paper. Findings: The articles originated three thematic categories: Plus-size Consumption, which deals with consumer experience with the industry; Plus-size in the Media, which addresses aspects of advertising and plus-size models; Plus-size Identity, which covers identity formation and social influences. Research Limitations/Implications: Fourteen theoretical gaps were pointed out to be worked on by future studies, comprising online retailing, identity, demographic, contextual, methodological, cultural, and social issues. Originality/value: The present study represents pioneering work in the field of research on plus-size clothing, and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first of its kind to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of studies published in various areas related to this topic. While the plus-size apparel and retail market remain shrouded in nebulous issues, this research stands out as a valuable contribution by providing profound insights into consumption in this segment. Moreover, by identifying theoretical gaps and offering suggestions for future research, the study promotes advancements in knowledge and understanding of this emerging area. Its academic significance and potential impact on the industry make it crucial to developing more informed and inclusive strategies for the plus-size fashion sector.

“Hungarian Supremacy Cannot Be Debated”. Hungarian Conservative Sociologists on the Nationalities Question (1908–1918)

Abstract Magyar Társadalomtudományi Szemle (MTSZ), i.e. Hungarian Review of Social Sciences, was published between 1908 and 1918, and it was the highest-toned journal of contemporary Hungarian conservative sociology. At that time, in the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, one of the most pressing social issues was the nationalities question: what rights belong to non-Hungarian-speaking nationalities living in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary? This question was answered by two schools of tender-aged Hungarian social science. In general, liberal-left sociologists following Western scientific patterns believed that the language and cultural rights of national minorities need to be expanded. Conservatives, on the other hand, called for a restrictive policy to maintain the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary. The analysis of the authors and writings in favour of the extension of rights has been completed (Litván 1978, 2006; Litván–Szücs 1973). Conservative sociologists who support the restriction, however, have so far received almost no attention in the history of sociology. In this writing, I would like to fill this gap. After the short institutional presentation of contemporary conservative sociology, I will focus on their central journal, MTSZ. I will analyse the articles in which the authors have taken a position on the nationalities question. I argue that the articles published in the MTSZ have primarily addressed the nationalities question as a political and demographic issue. Therefore, I will describe these two types of writing. (Beyond that, some articles focused on social theory, culture, or education when writing about the rights of non-Hungarian-speaking minorities.) My basic question is how those aspects of the nationalities question appeared in MTSZ and how those all create a specific political store of knowledge. If we get answers to this, not only will we shed light on one of the forgotten but exciting schools of early Central European social science, but perhaps the history of the first quarter of the 20th century will also be better understood.