Demographic Revitalization Research Articles

Analiza sezonalnosti kretanja u planinskim centrima Srbije sa posebnim osvrtom na Kopaonik

Depopulation of mountains has been an intense and lengthy process in Serbia. This paper will analyze the potential of Kopaonik mountain for the development of tourism, which can be one of the key factors for the demographic revitalization of the entire mountain. In tourism development so far, Kopaonik mountain stands out as one of the most important carriers of mountain tourism in Serbia. The limiting factor in the development so far is the pronounced seasonality of tourism promotion. The aim of the research in the paper will be to identify the factors that influence seasonality phenomena as the main limiting factor for achieving better economic effects.

Potential for Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Spanish Region of Guadix

The Southeastern Spanish Region of Guadix is a mainly agrarian territory located in the Granada province, which is in demographic decline and has low economic dynamism. Reversing such a difficult socioeconomic situation requires the implementation of policies capable of promoting demographic revitalization and fruitfully exploiting potential for sustainable development in the zone. Such policies must be based on an appropriate diagnosis of the existing problems. In order to provide elements to make said diagnosis, this research combines the use of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitatively, the evolution of demographic dynamics in the region have been analyzed, as well as its levels of occupation, education, its economic situation, or its environmental conditions. In this regard, correlation analysis, factorial analysis, and clustering have been completed with the aim of revealing internal territorial imbalances. A series of qualitative interviews with key actors has also been conducted. Finally, given the little success of development programs applied to date, among other things, it is concluded that a greater involvement of local actors in said programs is needed. Thus, these actors have to be involved in development policies, which in turn must take into account the socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, and geological resources available in the area.

Tourism development and regional disparities in Serbia

This paper discusses regional disparities and general national trends in the development of tourism industry in Serbia. Serbia has a rich and well-preserved cultural and natural heritage, which means that this country holds significant potential for the development of tourism. Our analysis assessed the dynamics of tourism development by using census data and focusing on such indicators as the population size of different regions, the share of people employed in tourism, the proportion of economically active population and tourism traffic (the number of foreign tourists and overnight stays). All indicators were analyzed by calculating the index of change. The results show that in Serbia, tourism has not yet achieved an adequate level of development and plays a secondary role in the country’s economy even though it could contribute to the demographic revitalization of Serbian regions. There is also a steady growth in the number of people employed in the tourism sector. Among other Serbian regions, Belgrade has the most thriving tourism industry due to its status of the capital city. Other regions also demonstrate significant growth in the traffic of foreign tourists, especially Zlatibor, Moravica, and Toplica. Adequate management and promotion of these destinations on the international tourism market have proven to be quite effective.

The Rock Painting/Xela:ls of the Tsleil-Waututh: A Historicized Coast Salish Practice

AbstractThis article argues that the red-ocher paintings (pictographs) in Coast Salish Tsleil-Waututh territory in Indian Arm, British Columbia, were made around the time of contact in specific response to demographic collapse caused by smallpox. Tsleil-Waututh people selected fifteen distinctive geological features along the shoreline of Indian Arm for marking. It is suggested that these locations were highly significant places to past Tsleil-Waututh people because they were physical embodiments of oral traditions (sxwoxwyiam) and associated with underwater-dwelling supernatural creatures (stl’aleqem). Relying on local oral traditions, regional archaeology, and local ethnographies, the article argues that these specific locations had very ancient roots in Tsleil-Waututh history but were marked in the early contact period with red paint by Tsleil-Waututh ritualists (shxwla:m, “Indian Doctor”). They did this to connect with supernatural powers in these locations, to preserve oral histories associated with them, and thus to contribute to the demographic revitalization of the Tsleil-Waututh people. The article contends that Tsleil-Waututh rock painting is not an essentialized cultural practice but a historically contingent one—a reflection of specific events.

Drivers, constraints and trade-offs associated with recultivating abandoned cropland in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan

Further cropland expansion might be unavoidable to satisfy the growing demand for land-based products and ecosystem services. A crucial issue is thus to assess the trade-offs between social and ecological impacts and the benefits of converting additional land to cropland. In the former Soviet Union countries, where the transition from state-command to market-driven economies resulted in widespread agricultural land abandonment, cropland expansion may incur relatively low costs, especially compared with tropical regions.Our objectives were to quantify the drivers, constraints and trade-offs associated with recultivating abandoned cropland to assess the potentially available cropland in European Russia, western Siberia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan—the region where the vast majority of post-Soviet cropland abandonment took place. Using spatial panel regressions, we characterized the socio-economic determinants of cropland abandonment and recultivation. We then used recent maps of changes in cropland to (i) spatially characterize the socio-economic, accessibility and soil constraints associated with the recultivation of abandoned croplands and (ii) investigate the environmental trade-offs regarding carbon stocks and habitat for biodiversity.Less cropland abandonment and more recultivation after 2000 occurred in areas with an increasing rural population and a younger labor force, but also improved yields. Synergies were observed between cropland recultivation and intensification over the 2000s. From 47.3million hectares (Mha) of cropland abandoned in 2009, we identified only 8.5 (7.1–17.4)Mha of potentially available cropland with low environmental trade-offs and low to moderate socio-economic or accessibility constraints that were located on high-quality soils (Chernozems). These areas represented an annual wheat production potential of ∼14.3 (9.6–19.5)million tons (Mt). Conversely, 8.5 (4.2–12.4)Mha had high carbon or biodiversity trade-offs, of which ∼10% might be attractive for cropland expansion and thus would require protection from recultivation. Agro-environmental, accessibility, and socio-economic constraints suggested that the remaining 30.6 (25.7–30.6)Mha of abandoned croplands were unlikely to provide important contributions to future crop production at current wheat prices but could provide various ecosystem services, and some could support extensive livestock production. Political and institutional support could foster recultivation by supporting investments in agriculture and rural demographic revitalization. Reclaiming potentially available cropland in the study region could provide a notable contribution to global grain production, with relatively low environmental trade-offs compared with tropical frontiers, but is not a panacea to address global issues of food security or reduce land-use pressure on tropical ecosystems.

Движущие факторы, ограничения и компромиссы, связанные с возвращением в оборот заброшенных пахотных земель в России, Украине и Казахстане

Further cropland expansion might be unavoidable to satisfy the growing demand for land- based products and ecosystem services. A crucial issue is thus to assess the trade-offs between social and ecological impacts and the benefits of converting additional land to cropland. In the former Soviet Union countries, where the transition from state-command to market-driven economies resulted in widespread agricultural land abandonment, cropland expansion may incur relatively low costs, especially compared with tropical regions. Our objectives were to quantify the drivers, constraints and trade-offs associated with recultivating abandoned cropland to assess the potentially available cropland in European Russia, western Siberia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan - the region where the vast majority of post- Soviet cropland abandonment took place. Using spatial panel regressions, we characterized the socio-economic determinants of cropland abandonment and recultivation. We then used recent maps of changes in cropland to 1) spatially characterize the socio-economic, accessibility and soil constraints associated with the recultivation of abandoned croplands and 2) investigate the environmental trade-offs regarding carbon stocks and habitat for biodiversity. Less cropland abandonment and more recultivation after 2000 occurred in areas with an increasing rural population and a younger labor force, but also improved yields. Synergies were observed between cropland recultivation and intensification over the 2000s. From 47.3 million hectares (Mha) of cropland abandoned in 2009, we identified only 8.5 (7.1-17.4) Mha of potentially available cropland with low environmental tradeoffs and low to moderate socio-economic or accessibility constraints that were located on high-quality soils (Chernozems). These areas represented an annual wheat production potential of 14.3 (9.6-19.5) million tons (Mt). Conversely, 8.5 (4.2-12.4) Mha had high carbon or biodiversity trade-offs, of which 10% might be attractive for cropland expansion and thus would require protection from recultivation. Agroenvironmental, accessibility, and socio-economic constraints suggested that the remaining 30.6 (25.7-30.6) Mha of abandoned croplands were unlikely to provide important contributions to future crop production at current wheat prices but could provide various ecosystem services, and some could support extensive livestock production. Political and institutional support could foster recultivation by supporting investments in agriculture and rural demographic revitalization. Reclaiming potentially available cropland in the study region could provide a notable contribution to global grain production, with relatively low environmental trade-offs compared with tropical frontiers, but is not a panacea to address global issues of food security or reduce land-use pressure on tropical ecosystems.

Rural labour market developments in the Republic of Macedonia

The significant changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources in rural Macedonia can be explained by the continued tendency of emigration from villages to urban areas and abroad. The intensity of emigration has altered the demographic structure and reproductive base of the rural population, along with the income of rural households. The rural and agricultural labour market faces a mismatch with respect to the unfavourable age, education and spatial distribution of the total labour force. A reduction in the participation of women in the agricultural labour force is a new feature. The overall transformation is apparent in the income structure of rural households. An increase of the share of households with mixed income sources notably stems from households that receive remittances and foreign currency funds from family members abroad. The demographic revitalization of rural areas depends on economic revitalization, with a more rational use of the labour force and human resources, as well as, restructuring of agricultural production and agricultural holdings. In addition, improvements are necessary in the functioning of market institutions to better meet the needs of smaller farmers and the rural economy. Key words: Rural labour market, agricultural transformation, rural households, emigration process, rural economy business management.

Industry and agriculture: Elements of the economic profile of Kladovo municipality

On the basis of spatial differentiation of the natural and socio-economic factors of development, we have seen the structural characteristics of the local industry and local agriculture, as two elements of the economy of Kladovo municipality, and the importance and role of these two elements in the spatial structure of the municipality. Particular attention was devoted in the course of this research, to the possibilities of intensifying the development of the less developed parts of the area. Activation of developmental potentials is directed towards a demographic revitalization and towards the establishment of a stable and progressive social-economic-ecological area, with an identity recognizable in the region. In that sense, we examine the inter-dependence of potentials limitations and risks for a more rapid future development of the municipality of Kladovo.

Golija: Population development and perspectives

The basic research idea was to determine the state and problems in population development of an isolated mountainous region, which has been marked as a potentially developmental and attractive region in the Regional Plan of Serbia, having in mind that it is rich in valuable natural resources. Research was focused just on the protected region of the "Golija" Nature Park, however, wherever it was necessary for better understanding of demographic trends, the wider functional-gravitational region was analyzed, which belongs to the districts of Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Raska and Sjenica in the administration sense. It was determined that the following unfavorable (limiting) elements of demographic development are characteristic for the region of Golija: constant decrease of population, which is present in practically all settlements, intensive population emigration which has been decreasing in the last ten years or so due to the decrease in the number of potential emigrants; fluctuations in all relevant demographic structures; intensification of the process of demographic ageing which results in continual decrease of natural growth and disruption of all basic functional contingents of population which will certainly negatively affect future reproduction and population replacement. If such a negative state is taken into consideration then the question of demographic and thus developmental perspectives of this mountainous region is justifiably imposed and brought into question. The second part of the paper indicates to the demographic perspectives of the Golija region. According to the first estimation variant, which proceeds from the assumption on the continuation of the basic tendencies in demographic development so far, the number of inhabitants of Golija would be halved by the year 2030. In the second estimation variant, which proceeds from the assumption that in the near future some more serious changes in the functional structure of this region will be realized, having in mind some planned developmental activities, which would result in a somewhat faster tempo of total development of its certain parts which would reflect the gradual slowing down of negative tendencies in its population development on the whole as well. It should be stressed that the first, initial, positive effects would be manifested more seriously only in 20 years at the earliest. That means that by then there would be gradual ceasing of the demonstrated tendencies in demographic development of this region so far and the forming of complex (both developmental and demographic) prerequisites for its further demographic revitalization. It is characteristic that all the stated effects would not prevent the demographic dying out of 15 settlements. This imposes the requirement that when defining the organization strategies and development of this regional entirety, settlements must clearly be distinguished as well as their functional zones which have certain developmental predispositions, as well as settlements which have minimal, demographic and functional, potentials for future development and settlements which in the prospective period can demographically survive.

Urban agglomerations on main development axes as poles of demographic revitalization of Serbia

Significant geographical-demographic changes are characteristic for the region of Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, which were caused by a dynamic primary urbanization process, namely intense migrational trends between village and town. Expansion zones were formed around urban centers with total intense growth (both demographic and economic), which are mainly found in land areas of main development axes, whereby the (Sava) Danube-Morava one is the most significant. The importance of this development axis (not only in the demographic sense) is indicated by the fact that in this region (composed of districts which are located in the corridor zone) 3794.8 thousand people lived in 2002, which represents 50.6% of the population of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. Taking into consideration the territory it consists of, this zone is populated twice as much in average than the region of Serbia (without Kosovo) as a whole. Along with that, out of the five urban areas with more than 100 thousand people (large urban centers), four are located in this zone (Subotica, Novi Sad, Belgrade and Nis) and only Kragujevac is located somewhat on the outskirts in relation to it, but in its immediate proximity. Large town centers in corridor zone X concentrated as much as 41% of the Republic urban population in 2002. At the same time, a network of 32 settlements in the land area of this main development axis of Serbia which belong to the category of small and medium size towns, and which cover about 16% of the republic urban population should be added to this. Consequently this zone, as other concentrated population zones, which are formed around secondary development axes on the territory of Serbia, is identified as a region with significant population potential. For that very reason, there was an attempt in this paper to determine the role and significance of urban agglomerations on main development axes for possible demographic revitalization of Serbia. The significance of urban population arises from its quantitative and especially qualitative (structural) characteristics. This category of population of the Republic realizes significant growth (more than 10%) in the last two inter-census decades (1981-2002) regardless of the effects of demographic and socio-economic transitions and geo-political changes and their mainly negative influences as opposed to the total population of this region which realizes an apparent drop (of 3%). The drop of rural population is even more obvious (by about 16%) so its (future) role in possible demographic revitalization of Serbia is of secondary significance. As early as the seventies, the focus of main demographic processes (natality) shifted from rural to town populations. It is a fact that only the urban population of Serbia (without Kosovo) realized a positive natural growth in the nineties. However, it is interesting that large cities lost their precedence at the end of the twentieth century, namely negative natural growth appeared (Belgrade -1.5?, Novi Sad - 0.3? and Subotica - 5.4?) and in fact only small and medium towns provided natural replacement of its population. They participate with over 60% in total number of live births in urban areas, and having in mind that they are becoming the bearers of population reproduction, they can be viewed as the poles of future demographic revitalization of Serbia.

Nouvelles fonctions tertiaires et dynamiques démographiques en milieu rural

The new Service Sector and demographic Dynamics in rural Areas. The demographic growth of the rural areas is a phenomenon that can be observed today in the majority of the European territories. Several processes contribute to this demographic revitalization, of which some, like the extension of the areas of urban influence and the growth of the residential zones or the development of tourism have long been factors. Others are more recent and less perceptible due to their specificity, the diversity of the local situations and their variable levels of influence. The rise of the environmental function is generally considered one of the principal components of rural revival. If environment and landscape are often mentioned as explanatory factors for the choices concerning the localization of people as well as of certain economic activities, the creation of activities which one can directly attribute to these factors and their influence on employment remains very limited and often partial, seasonal and complementary to other activities. In fact, it is in the very broad field of the service sector that one must look, in its various levels of development, to find the economic counterpart of the demographic growth of rural areas.

Central‐city and suburban migration patterns: Is a turnaround on the horizon?

The huge population losses that characterized many older, larger U.S. cities during the 1960s and 1970s slowed and in some cases ceased during the 1980s and early 1990s. Periodic media reports of neighborhood turnarounds, commercial revitalization, and improvements in housing and the quality of life in selected inner‐city subareas have been taken as signs that central cities are retaining middle‐class residents and even attracting some back from the suburbs. Analysis of metropolitan household migration patterns based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples and more recent Current Population Surveys shows that the dominant trend in residential movement among most population subgroups is still toward the suburbs. While not discounting reports of central‐city neighborhood turnarounds and selective demographic revitalization, our findings imply that those improvements are limited and that a widespread back‐to‐the‐city movement is not likely in the foreseeable future.

Cultural survival: Lessons from the native North Americans

Champagne, Duane. American Indian Societies: Strategies and Conditions of Political and Cultural Survival. Cambridge: Cultural Survival, Inc., 1989. 160 pp. including references. $19.95 cloth, $10.00 paper. Cohen, Fay G. Treaties on Trial: The Continuing Controversy over Northwest Indian Fishing Rights. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986. vii + 256 pp. including notes and index. $20.00 cloth, $9.95 paper. Fahey, John. The Kalispel Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. vii + 248 pp. including notes, bibliography, and index. $18.95 cloth. Thornton, Russell. We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. ix + 95 pp. including appendices, bibliography, and index.

Review: Mormons, Indians and the Ghost Dance Religion of 1890, by Garold D. Barney and We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization, by Russell Thornton

Review: <i>Mormons, Indians and the Ghost Dance Religion of 1890</i>, by Garold D. Barney and <i>We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization</i>, by Russell Thornton

Lipan Apaches in Texas

Journal Article Lipan Apaches in Texas and We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization Get access Lipan Apaches in Texas. By Schilz Thomas F.. (El Paso: University of Texas/Texas Western Press, 1987. ix + 70 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, $5.00, paper.)We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization. By Thornton Russell. (New Rochelle, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xiii + 95 pp. Maps, tables, appendixes, bibliography, index. $22.95.) C. B. Clark C. B. Clark California State University, Long Beach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 20, Issue 1, February 1989, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.2307/968505 Published: 01 February 1989

We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization

We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization

We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization

We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization

: We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization . Russell Thornton.

: We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization . Russell Thornton.

We Shall Live Again: The 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance Movements as Demographic Revitalization

This study of the 1870 and 1890 Ghost Dance movements among North American Indians offers an innovative theory about why these movements arose when they did. Emphasizing the demographic situation of American Indians prior to the movements, Professor Thornton argues that the Ghost Dances were deliberate efforts to accomplish a demographic revitalization of American Indians following their virtual collapse. By joining the movements, he contends, tribes sought to assure survival by increasing their numbers through returning the dead to life. Thornton supports this thesis empirically by closely examining the historical context of the two movements and by assessing tribal participation in them, revealing particularly how population size and decline influenced participation among and within American Indian tribes. He also considers American Indian population change after the Ghost Dance periods and shows that participation in the movements actually did lead the way to a demographic recovery for certain tribes.

Demographic Antecedents of a Revitalization Movement: Population Change, Population Size, and the 1890 Ghost Dance

The author considers the 1890 American Indian Ghost Dance movement as a demographic revitalization attempt to recover population losses. The effect of tribal population characteristics on participation in the movement is examined, with particular attention to changes in tribal size prior to and at the time of the Dance