Demographic Profiling Research Articles

UK dental care for children - a specialist workforce analysis.

Introduction The main specialties involved with the treatment of children in the UK are paediatric dentistry and orthodontics. In December 2019, these accounted for approximately 38% of all specialists listed by the General Dental Council (GDC). Recent evidence of difficulties filling specialist NHS job posts and the absence of specialists in some UK postal areas suggests a demographic analysis of these specialties is timely.Aims To gather data and help contribute towards assessing the need for future specialist training places by mapping GDC-listed specialists registered in UK postal areas and plotting specialists' first GDC registration dates.Method The data were obtained from the GDC.Results In ten years' time, approximately 40% (n = 92) of currently registered specialists in paediatric dentistry and 37% (n = 487) of specialists in orthodontics will be aged 60 years or over. Forty-four percent (n = 54) of 124 UK postal areas had no specialist in paediatric dentistry while 2% (n = 3) had no specialist in orthodontics.Conclusion Demographic profiling can be compiled from data available to the public. This is likely to be of interest for those responsible for specialist workforce planning and funding NHS specialist dental care for children.

To Study the Effect of Unconventional Treatment Protocol on COVID-19 Patients in Delhi Using Artificial Intelligence Based Methods.

COVID-19 has affected over 24 million patients with over 8 lacs deaths worldwide. Till date, no specific drug or vaccine has been proven effective for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients. In a recent observational cohort study conducted at Delhi Government designated COVID hospital on 221 patients, important facts have emerged indicating the benefits of using unconventional treatment protocol (consisting of combination of homeopathic medicines, allopathic medicines & non-pharmacological interventions) in COVID-19 situation. The interdisciplinary team of doctors and scientists have found that out of 221 COVID-19 positive patients (diagnosed with RT-PCR), 169 patients were clinically classified as patients of mild category and 21 were labeled as moderate whereas 31 patients were asymptomatic. 170 patients were treated with either homeopathic medicines, allopathic medicines or the combination of both. The unconventional treatment protocol combining homeopathic medicines and allopathic systems showed rapid improvement in clinical condition. We found that fever (temperature) was reduced to normal on an average of 7.45 ± 5.19 days. The treatment outcome of this study showed better results when compared with control datasets obtained from independent studies published earlier. All the patients were discharged on an average of 9.29 ± 3.52 days. The mortality rate was zero and there were no adverse events for the patients. Apart from temperature and fever, symptoms such as cough, sore throat, myalgia, & dyspnea also improved significantly in the patients enrolled in this study. The average time for clinical improvement was significantly better than previously published clinical studies on COVID-19 patients in independent hospitals. This study indicates that the use of unconventional treatment protocol can emerge as an effective treatment option for COVID-19 patients. Despite the challenges (i.e. limited availability of high quality clinical data), we generated a machine learning model for semi-automated prediction of potential treatments (i.e. medicines, non-pharmacological interventions) that should be prescribed to the patient based on the time dependent clinical features, comorbidities, & demographic profiling. Further, efforts are underway to include additional clinical data from COVID19 patients to provide a robust and accurate machine learning based prescription system.

Wool sheep and purple snails—Long‐term continuity of animal exploitation in ancient Meninx (Jerba/Tunisia)

AbstractArchaeological research at the ancient city of Meninx in Jerba, Tunisia, carried out by the Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) produced more than 10,000 faunal specimens and shed light on subsistence activities spanning from the fourth century BCE until the seventh century CE. Despite its highly diverse fauna totalling at least 69 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and molluscs, domestic livestock formed the mainstay of the economy at Meninx. Throughout site occupation and compared with contemporaneous sites in coastal Tunisia and Libya, sheep were of prime importance at Meninx. Diachronic demographic profiling illustrates an emphasis on the production of wool for making textiles. Together with the ubiquitous presence of crushed banded dye‐murex (Hexaplex trunculus) shells implying exploitation of purple dyes, we assume that both activities were integrated into a single chaîne opératoire for making purple‐dyed fabrics that were traded across the Mediterranean from Punic until Late Roman times. Zooarchaeological findings also suggest that during the Byzantine Period, this major economic activity came to a standstill, with people returning to more self‐sufficient subsistence strategies. An intersite comparison furthermore revealed that high proportions of ovicaprines are a typical feature of Punic–Roman sites in Jerba. But even at the height of Roman power in the region, autochthonous husbandry traditions continued to exist on the island, as illustrated by the fauna from Henchir Bourgou.

Identifying subtypes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using cluster analysis.

The concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has shown the potential for identifying at-risk dementia patients. Identifying subtypes of MCI is likely to assist therapeutic discoveries and better clinical management of patients with PD (PWP). Recent cluster-based approaches have demonstrated dominance in memory and executive impairment in PD. The present study will further explore the role of memory and executive impairment and associated clinical features in non-demented PWP. A K-means cluster analysis was performed on ten "frontal" and "posterior" cognitive variables derived from a dataset of 85 non-demented PWP. The resulting cluster structure was chosen based on quantitative, qualitative, theoretical, and clinical validity. Cluster profiles were then created through statistical analysis of cognitive and clinical/demographic variables. A descriptive analysis of each cluster's performance on a comprehensive PD-MCI diagnostic battery was also explored. The resulting cluster structure revealed four distinct cognitive phenotypes: (1) frontal-dominant impairment; (2) posterior-cortical-dominant impairment; (3) global impairment, and (4) cognitively intact. Demographic profiling revealed significant differences in the age, gender split, global cognitive ability, and motor symptoms between these clusters. However, there were no significant differences between the clusters on measures of depression, apathy, and anxiety. These results validate the existence of distinct cognitive phenotypes within PD-MCI and encourage future research into their clinical trajectory and neuroimaging correlates.

Demographic, Clinical and Forensic Profiling of Alleged Offenders Diagnosed with an Intellectual Disability

ABSTRACT Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology study the link between mental health and the law. These forensic behavioral sciences play a vital role when assessing both a person’s competency to stand trial and the degree to which criminal responsibility can be attributed to the perpetrator of alleged offenses by the criminal justice system. Offenders with a suspected intellectual disability are frequently referred for forensic evaluations by courts of law and possible psychosocial rehabilitation thereafter. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical and forensic characteristics of alleged offenders diagnosed with an intellectual disability who were referred to Forensic Units at a Psychiatric Complex under Sections 77, 78 and 79 of the South African Criminal Procedure Act no. 51 of 1977. A data collection form was used to gather information from the clinical files/records of the 120 participants studied throughout the course of this research project. Participants were mainly Black African males (95.8%), the majority of whom had been diagnosed with a mild intellectual disability (70.8%). These offenders were largely accused of sexual offenses. The majority of the subjects were deemed to be neither competent to stand trial nor criminally responsible for their alleged offenses because of intellectual disability. This study provides valuable information on the relationship between intellectual disability and the types of crimes committed by intellectually disabled individuals.

Waste not want not: Behavioural intentions toward garment life extension practices, the role of damage, brand and cost on textile disposal

Growing attention on the environmental and social impacts of the modern culture of consumption has highlighted garment disposal as a central area for concern. Fashion consumers are often said to overconsume, as well as frequently dispose of otherwise functional garments, for reasons of style and taste. To begin to move consumers toward a social manufacturing fashion model, consumer perceptions of garment value must be unpicked, by examining their use and disposal of surplus fashion products, and what factors prompt categorisation of items as suitable for garment life extension practises or final disposal. Unless the core constructs of consumer value perceptions in relation to these categorisations can be identified for target groups of consumer, there is little likelihood of methods of engagement with textile longevity actions being successfully promoted within these consumption groups. This study examines one group of heavy consumers of fashion: young, urban, South Koreans, and explores their behavioural intentions toward garment life extension practices. The research finds that used garment life extension is influenced overall by garment damage and perceived quality, as well as by garment type in some scenarios. Lifecycle assessment methods such as that presented in this research, when combined with demographic profiling, allow for targeted solutions that address the core complexities of fashion use and disposal within specific groups of consumers.

A method for constructing demographic profiles in Susscrofa using Logarithm Size Index scaling

Demographic profiling of archaeological assemblages offers a window into the shifting exploitation strategies practiced by ancient societies. High resolution sex-specific age profiles, in particular, have yielded new insights into the evolution of early management practices taken during the initial stages of animal domestication (Zeder, 2001). This paper is the third in a series seeking to develop a method for constructing demographic profiles for Sus scrofa — one of the earliest major livestock species noteworthy for being independently domesticated in both Southwest and East Asia. The first paper in this series (Lemoine et al., 2014) presented a new system for constructing high resolution age profiles using patterns of dental eruption and wear. The second (Zeder et al., 2015) presented a new method for computing high resolution age profiles based on long bone fusion. Both papers used a reference assemblage of modern Eurasian wild boar for developing these new aging schemes, which were then applied to the large assemblage of S. scrofa remains from the Early Holocene age site of Hallan Çemi (c. 11,600 cal. BP) in southeastern Anatolia — an assemblage that previous researchers claimed provided evidence for early steps toward management (Redding, 2005). Here we focus on a subset of this modern reference collection consisting of 34 wild boar skeletons from Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. We employ a Logarithm Size Index scaling (LSI) technique to examine the effect of factors such as age, locality, and, sex on body size in modern wild boar. We find that even though both age and locality have an impact on body size, LSI values derived from select measurements of various different post-cranial elements can be used to classify individual osteological specimens as belonging to immature animals, and, for animals older than about eight months of age, as female or male. We test the reliability of these classifications by comparing the known demographic profiles of the modern reference population against those derived from the LSI classifications. Finally, we apply this new method to the Hallan Çemi assemblage and propose a method for adjusting LSI values to account for temporal size differences encountered between the modern and ancient populations. We also present methods for assessing the reliability of these classifications in the ancient population. We conclude by offering guidelines for the application of this new method to other archaeological assemblages of S. scrofa and other ungulate species that demonstrate strong degrees of sexual dimorphism.

Socio- Demographic Study of Deaths Due to Poisoning in Autopsies Conducted at KIMS Hospital, Bangalore

Poisoning is a common day to day problem. Profile of poisoning in an area depends upon a variety of factors, ranging from access to and availability of poison, socio-economic status of the individual, cultural and religious influences, etc. A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Forensic medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital Bangalore to study the socio- demographic profiling of deaths due to poisoning. Out of the 100 cases studied, incidence of poisoning was found to be more amongst the age group of 21 to 30 years in both sexes with mean age being 25.4 years and 25.4 years amongst males and females respectively. Poisoning is more in males (68%) as compared to females. In both the sexes, married (68%) outnumbered the unmarried in rural and urban community. This study shows that maximum number of poisoning cases were noticed among Upper Lower socio economic Class and in Nuclear families(61%). It was observed that majority of the victims were Graduate (28%).Financial constraints(22%) were the most common motive behind poisoning deaths.

Demographic Profiling and Domestic Tourism Participation Behavior in Nairobi County, Kenya

Demographic Profiling and Domestic Tourism Participation Behavior in Nairobi County, Kenya

Morbidity proMorbidity profile of patients attending Siddha clinics of Primary Health Centres in rural Puducherryfile of patients attending Siddha clinics of Primary Health Centres in rural Puducherry

World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mainstreaming of Complementary and Traditional systems of medicine as it is an affordable and culturally acceptable way of making heath care accessible to everyone. India is currently facing shortage of trained health workforce, especially in rural areas. One of the solutions suggested is to integrate the complementary and traditional systems of medicine as part of the Nation’s health care system. In fact, AYUSH clinics have been operational in many PHC’s in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry for more than a decade now towards achieving UHC. Objective: To describe the morbidity profile of patients attending the Siddha clinics of PHCs in rural Puducherry. Materials and methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients who had attended Siddha clinics at the 2 selected PHCs of Puducherry over a period of year. After obtaining necessary permissions, Centre-Based Health Records was accessed for demographic and disease profiling. Data was entered using EpiData Entry v3.1 and analysis was carried out using EpiData Analysis v2.2.2.182 44. Proportions were used to summarize categorical variables. Results: Among the 22069 people attending the siddha clinic, 10765 were females and 11299 were males. Majority are from the age group of 36-59(54.2%). There exists a statistical difference in morbidities with age groups and different genders (p value0.01).  Conclusion: Among the patients attending selected Siddha centres, the common morbidities were Arthritis, Bronchitis, Neuritis, Acid peptic ulcer and Skin diseases.

Migracja, studia i praca. Studenci z Ukrainy w Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

MIGRATION, EDUCATION AND WORK. STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE IN ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITYThe paper presents results of the survey carried out by the author among students – citizens of Ukraine – who study at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University. The survey has been aimed not only at social and demographic profiling of the group, but also at outlining dominant reasons that encouraged young Ukrainian citizens to choose Poland, Krakow, and the Frycz Modrzewski University as their education centre; at assessing attractiveness of the studying, adaptation in a foreign country, contacts with the Poles both inside and outside of the academy. Based on the results of the survey the attractiveness of studies in Poland results from the membership of Poland in the European Union, recognition of the high level of education in Poland, relatively low costs of studies compared to the other European countries, and geographical and cultural proximity of Ukraine and Poland.

Australian Urban Scholarship as a Community of Practice: Strengths, Omissions and Opportunities

ABSTRACTUrban studies is a multidisciplinary field with fuzzy boundaries, poor research funding outcomes and questionable application within practice. This paper quantitatively analyses urban policy and papers submitted to the State of Australian Cities conference to identify the contents and contours of urban scholarship and the degree to which scholarship aligns with priorities expressed in urban policy. The paper identifies five areas that constitute urban studies’ ‘regime of competence’; transport and land use; environment–society relations; demographic profiling; research methods and; politics, governance and planning process. Throughout, I find a strong focus on space and place and varying degrees of spatial determinism.

Increasing incidence of oral cancer in Hong Kong-Who, where…and why?

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a lethal and deforming disease of rising incidence and global significance; 600000 new cases are seen each year, including 40000 in China. Despite advances in management, 50% of patients die within 5years of diagnosis. Cancer is the leading cause of death in Hong Kong, with the Hong Kong Cancer Registry (HKCR) confirming a 2% increase in new cases each year, and oral SCC the tenth leading cause of cancer death in males. Strategies to improve clinical outcome require identification and early intervention in the "high-risk" population. Unfortunately, demographic information is limited in HKCR making it difficult to undertake accurate population-based studies. This study aimed to profile contemporaneous demographics of oral cancer within the Hong Kong population. Following local ethical approval, the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) database was accessed to identify new cases of oral SCC diagnosed and treated during an 18-year period (January 2000 to December 2017). A total of 6706 oral cavity SCC cases were identified: 4291 male and 2415 female patients (with a mean age of 64.14years). A trend for increasing number of cases each year was seen, with most patients presenting to hospitals on the Kowloon Peninsula and Hong Kong Island. The tongue was the most commonly affected oral site in 3168 patients, with tonsil (863), buccal mucosa (539) and floor of mouth (409) less common. Mean survival time between initial diagnosis and death was 1.95years; patients with hard palate and oropharyngeal SCC survived the shortest period, whilst labio-buccal and vestibular cases exhibited significantly longer survival (P<0.0001). Whilst useful HA data are available regarding age, sex, site and outcome, there is a need for further improvement in demographic profiling to characterise the "high-risk" oral cancer population in Hong Kong and to facilitate targeted early therapeutic intervention.

Factors influencing student non-attendance at formal teaching sessions

ABSTRACT Motivated by falling levels of attendance at classes, this paper explores student reasons for non-attendance within Undergraduate Programmes at a post 1992 UK university. Questionnaires collected demographic profiling information and factors students thought influenced attendance. Closed questions established how important attendance was in influencing grades and how motivated students considered themselves to be. Findings reveal variables including age, gender, level of study and work commitments had no significant impact on reported attendance, levels of interest and motivation were important. Students identified lectures as the session they were least likely to attend and unseen exams the assessment type most likely to encourage attendance. Unprompted reasons for non-attendance included illness, tiredness, socialising; with institutional factors such as the impact of other university work, timetabling and topic. Key interventions include attendance monitoring, marks for attendance, alignment of lecturer style to content delivery, and establishing an explicit link between lecture content and assessment.

Analysis of Indian Consumers� Behaviour using Lifestyle Segmentation

Demographic profiling has been an important basis of segmenting consumers. But the demographic variables provide a compartmentalised view of consumer behaviour. Purchase and consumption behaviour are in fact the result of influence of many variables operating simultaneously in the background. In order, to provide a holistic view of the ‘why and how’ of consumers purchase decision, lifestyle analysis has been considered a superior basis of customer profiling in recent research. Lifestyle study focuses on activities, interests and opinions of consumers and their role in formulating consumers’ purchase decision. Past researches in India do provide an insight into the segmentation of Indian consumers on demographic and geographic basis. However, not much has been emphasised on the use of lifestyle for segmenting Indian consumers. The present research, therefore, tries to fill this void by providing the lifestyle profiling of the Indian consumers using factor analysis and cluster analysis. This study can help the marketers in segmenting their prospective and present customers using the suggested lifestyle dimensions.

Demographic Profiling of Decapitation Injuries in Train Accidents at Raigarh (C.G.)

Demographic Profiling of Decapitation Injuries in Train Accidents at Raigarh (C.G.)

Demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College - A cross sectional study

Background: Poisoning is a very common medico-social problem in our part of the world. It significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality, which is a big concern and burden to our society.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College.&#x0D; Methododogy: This is a cross sectional study conducted for the period of six months from March 2017 to September 2017 at the Emergency Department Kathmandu medical college teaching hospital. The study includes the cases of poisoning brought to the above mentioned institute for management. The data thus collected was entered in the SPSS and analysed to find the poisoning profile. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu Medical College.&#x0D; Results: A total of 40 cases of poisoning came to Emergency Department over the period of six months of which 14 (35%) were males and 26 (65%) were females. The mean ages for males were 32.07 years and females were 26.23 years. Regarding time of consumption 42.5% of cases consumed poison at night. The most common poison consumed was Organophosphorus (55%) and next in kin was paracetamol (15%). However, type of Organophosphorus could not ascertained due to lack of information from the patent party.&#x0D; Conclusion: People in the productive age groups are more prone to poisoning with various products due to stress or other social economic factors. Social education and strict rules and regulation for the sale of the pesticides can be useful in containing this problem.

Real-time demographic profiling from face imagery with Fisher vectors

In the last decade, demographic profiling from facial imagery has grown in its importance in the computer vision field. For demographic profiling, we usually mean gender, ethnicity, and age identification from face images. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective profiling framework and we assess the quality of the proposed approach comparing the results obtained by our system with those achieved by other recently published methods on large datasets of facial images with different age, gender, and ethnicity. These results show how a carefully engineered pipeline of efficient image analysis and pattern recognition techniques leads to state-of-the-art results at 20 FPS using a single thread on a 1.6 GHZ i5-2467M processor.

Impaired Homocysteine Metabolism Associated with High Plasma Interleukin-17A Levels, a Pro-Atherogenic Marker, in an Endogamous Population of North India.

Impaired homocysteine metabolism (IHM; hyperhomocysteinemia) has been linked with many complex disorders like cardiovascular diseases and immunological disturbances. However, studies understanding IHM in light of pro- and anti- atherogeneic markers like Interleukin-17A & -10 (IL-17A & IL-10) and Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3, a master transcription factor) are scarce. In our present study, we aimed to understand the relation of IHM with plasma IL-17A and IL-10 levels and Foxp3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an endogamous population (Jats of Haryana, North India) with high prevalence of IHM without the concurrence of significant adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Forty (40) clinically healthy individuals, unrelated up to first cousins, were recruited and were subjected to demographic, physiological and anthropometric profiling, followed by intravenous blood sample collection (fasting) and lipid profiling. Plasma homocysteine levels were estimated and individuals with homocysteine levels ≥ 15umol/L and <15umol/L were categorized as the impaired homocysteine metabolism group (IHM, n=30) and normal homocysteine metabolism group (NHM, n=10) respectively. Plasma folate and vitamin B12 and MTHFR C677T (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) polymorphism were detected. Relative mRNA expression of Foxp3 in PBMCs (normalized to 18S) was quantitated using SyBR green technology. Plasma IL-10 & 17 levels were estimated by ELISA assays. None of the physiological, anthropometric and lipid variables were different between the two groups. Foxp3 mRNA expression levels were relatively lower, and plasma IL-10 levels were found to be comparable among IHM and NHM group. However, significantly higher IL-17A levels and relatively high LDL cholesterol levels were present in the IHM group as compared with NHM. Our findings suggest that the Jats of Haryana, North India, exhibiting high levels of homocysteine, might also carry the high IL-17A -pro-atherogenic marker, suggesting an increasing burden of pre-morbid condition. This apparently does not reach to significant mortality/morbidity attributed to the counter action or balancing act of IL-10 (an anti-atherogenic marker). This further suggests environment-influenced epigenetic control mechanisms of the targeted genes in the present population.

Exploring Incongruence in Mentoring Dyads in Indian Firms: The Protégé Perspective

This study seeks to explore whether the negative mentoring experiences (NMEs) of protégés in Western samples are generalizable, or whether there are possibly NMEs unique to the Indian cultural context. The finding of this exploratory study suggests that the most frequently occurring NME for protégés was mismatch in the membership of social group, as per regional, caste or religious orientation. While Western mentoring models are being practised widely in corporate workplaces in India, the process of enculturation and feeling of belonging to an India-specific social group is strong enough to negatively impact mentoring relationships such that these protégés perceive themselves to be “out-group” members. Managers may consider pairing mentors and protégés taking into consideration demographic profiling.