Demographic Policy Research Articles

Policy impacts on Municipal Solid Waste management in Shanghai: A system dynamics model analysis

Shanghai is the first city to implement Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sorting regulation in China, and it also has policies on economy, demography, MSW collection and treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the impacts of these polices on MSW management for Shanghai. System dynamics model is a prevailing method to simulate impacts of various policies on MSW management from a dynamic and complex perspective. Besides, different from existing studies that consider only a certain process of MSW management, our system dynamic model simulate the entire process of MSW production, sorting, collection and final treatment. Seven scenarios are set to simulate the impacts of these policies. Results show that economic policy has great impact on future MSW management. MSW generation in 2035 will decline by 3.25 Million tonnes if Gross Domestic Production growth rate decrease by 1%. Demographic policy will reduce MSW generation per capita, but increase the total amount of MSW generation. MSW sorting policy will decrease total demand of MSW landfill, but soar the demand of food waste treatment facility. Treatment method policy will not play a big role in decreasing total demand of MSW landfill. Finally, policy implications including prudent economic and demographic policy, strengthening biochemical treatment capacity and comprehensive utilization of residues are proposed. It is anticipated that this system dynamic model and policy implications can contribute to the MSW management of other 45 Chinese cities that are planning to implement sorting regulation soon, or even other global cities.

Гендерные вызовы в современном мире: 30 лет гендерологии и феминологии в России

The article presents a chronicle of the International conference “Gender Relations in the Modern World: Management, Economics, Social Policy”, held in May 16-18, 2019 in the city of Ivanovo. The goal of the authors was to show the general vector of development of the women studies, a consolidated picture of trends in gender studies of Russian sociologists, political scientists, demographers and specialists in the field of public administration, as well as the discussion issues facing scientists. Many speakers emphasized that today their attention and study deserve the problem of social policy towards women since 2010, this time is marked by an increase in conservative sentiments and an increased role of the Russian Orthodox Church. Much attention was paid to the emerging problem of substitution of gender policy with demographic policy, and the nationwide trend of “returning women to the family.” The “National Strategy for Actions for Women for 2017-2022” was discussed and pointed out the absence of such problems of women of modern Russia as the problem of female poverty, the uncertainty and inadequacy of the policy of punishments for non-payment of alimony to mothers with children, the multiplicity of women’s health problems (including reproductive, insufficient development of social aspects of geriatric policy). With alarm was pointed to the unresolved and newly updated topic of domestic violence - that is, a huge range of women’s problems related to childcare, discrimination in employment, objectification of the female image in the media.

The analysis of expert survey on factors of self-preserving behavior of population of the central regions of Russia

For the reproduction of healthy society, it is necessary to pay special attention to self-preserving behavior of population, since health is not only medical, but also and social category. The health acts both as result of interaction of individual and the social environment, and as key condition for successful implementation of social statuses and roles, viability of social system as a whole. The spontaneous "health-saving" socialization, and, as a result, lacking of formation of behavioral patterns related to maintaining and strengthening health, imitation practices of self-care, which are demonstrated by different social demographic groups, especially young population, form danger of development of chronic diseases, further deterioration of national health indices, including decreasing reproductive potential of the state and increasing risks of for demographic policy in the future. This dictate needs for systematic analysis of factors and causes that lead to weak behavioral activity of Russian population in matters of "health-saving", determining their significance and relationship with health indices. The expert survey was carried out that allowed to identify configuration of main factors and risks in the system "environment - health", significantly affecting development of patterns of behavior in relation to it. The participation of experts representing various areas of professional activity (health care, physical education, ecology, state and municipal administration, education and science) proves high reliability of results and makes it possible to consider localization of main external dangers with highest rates of negative impact on development of self-preservation attitudes. The overall pattern of significance of various factors determining possible variations and main line of behavior of population of the central regions of Russia in context of health conservation allows to bring to foreground personal factors associated with willingness to ensure reproduction of one's own health, infrastructural and socio-economic factors that determine individual and group opportunities for Russia population to use potential of "health-saving" attitudes as well as factors of trust acting as an impulse, activating relationship of population and health care system.

Socio-economic prerequisites for increasing retirement age in Ukraine

The article substantiates the need to increase the retirement age in the context of reforming the pension system of Ukraine. Arguments are presented that the process of raising the retirement age should be scientifically sound, have a long-term nature, and proceed gradually. It is noted that increasing the retirement age will have positive effects both for the pension system in particular and for the economic system of Ukraine as a whole, including: 1) a decrease in the financial dependence of the pension system on budget transfers; 2) ensuring a socially acceptable level of pensions; 3) preventing the growth of the insurance burden on the business; 4) compensation for the demographically determined reduction in the economically active population, stabilization of the labor market; 5) promoting active longevity. It is proved that the main arguments against raising the retirement age are for the most part not sufficiently substantiated. The adoption of appropriate amendments to the current legislation regarding raising the retirement age to 65 must be carried out by adopting the law "On adapting the retirement age to demographic changes in society".The solution to the strategic problem - the long-term balance and stability of the pension system can be achieved only by implementing an integrated approach to pension reform, which is not limited to one parameter, no matter how important it is. It is necessary to carry out long-overdue transformations in the labor market, in demographic policy, economy and social sphere, which would help create real conditions for citizens to earn a decent level of pension and fully realize their rights to receive it.It is proved that in order to avoid the short-term effect of raising the retirement age and further increasing the cost of paying pensions due to the increase in the number of recipients with an increased amount of pension rights due to an additional period of seniority, it is necessary to carry out actuarial calculations that allow us to formulate practical proposals to mitigate the negative economic consequences.

Социально-демографическая политика в современной России: теоретические ожидания и реальная эффективность

Since the early 2000s, social and demographic policy in Russia has become more flexible. However, there are contradictions here as well which are related to the demographic necessity of the population growth and numerous social and economic prob-lems. For example, expectations of a return to the ideal of a large family face not only an economic problem but also an insufficient infrastructure de-signed to ensure a good child development (first of all pre-school institutions). The main reasons for the lack of funds are: on the one hand, the increase in the number of dependents, on the other – the decrease in the number of able-bodied, income-generating family members. Families with many children, single-parent families, young families and orphans are the most vulnerable groups of the Rus-sian population in this regard. Therefore it is neces-sary to set priorities and decide what is more im-portant for the state: purely quantitative population growth or living standards of people that is in what conditions they live and what age they die.

Settlement Law of 1934: Turkish Nationalism in the Age of Revisionism

There is a strong tendency in Turkish historiography to approach Kemalist policies as purely domestic affairs that emanate from the centre in a top-down manner, reflecting the clear ideological positions of Ankara. The existing scholarship on the Settlement Law (1934), too, has read the development of Kemalist demographic policies in ideological terms, framing them in top-down modernist trajectories that were long in the making since the late Ottoman times. These perspectives often remained analytically singular and nation-centred, failing to engage with the broader transnational developments that were in fact crucial to the making and timing of a range of Kemalist policies. As such, the processes of demographic engineering are framed as devoid of historical conjuncture and immune from unintended consequences or the constraints presented by state capacity. In this article, I seek to overcome such limitations by situating the Settlement Law within its due transnational context of heightened interstate rivalries since the 1930s. Unfolding in myriad ways across the borderlands of Eastern Europe, the complex dynamics of interstate competition created the necessary push and pull factors that started dislodging the Balkan Muslims from those areas coveted by various territorially revisionist states in the region. The demographic engineering their arrival triggered in Turkey, I argue, was therefore as much national as international.

DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY OF FRANCE

Presently, demographic policy is of great importance for solving the problem of depopulation. The article reviews the experience of France in solving this challenge, analyzes the various methods used in this country to deal with population decline. Special attention has been paid to the state support of families and children through the provision of social payments and benefits. Trends and forecasts of demographic processes in France have been considered also, taking into account the measures taken by the state to support the family. Based on the study, conclusions have been made about the effectiveness of demographic policy in France.

Scale and context dependency of deforestation drivers: Insights from spatial econometrics in the tropics.

A better understanding of deforestation drivers across countries and spatial scales is a precondition for designing efficient international policies and coherent land use planning strategies such as REDD+. However, it is so far unclear if the well-studied drivers of tropical deforestation behave similarly across nested subnational jurisdictions, which is crucial for efficient policy implementation. We selected three countries in Africa, America and Asia, which present very different tropical contexts. Making use of spatial econometrics and a multi-level approach, we conducted a set of regressions comprising 3,035 administrative units from the three countries at micro-level, plus 361 and 49 at meso- and macro-level, respectively. We included forest cover as dependent variable and seven physio-geographic and socioeconomic indicators of well-known drivers of deforestation as explanatory variables. With this, we could provide a first set of highly significant econometric models of pantropical deforestation that consider subnational units. We identified recurrent drivers across countries and scales, namely population pressure and the natural condition of land suitability for crop production. The impacts of demography on forest cover were strikingly strong across contexts, suggesting clear limitations of sectoral policy. Our findings also revealed scale and context dependencies, such as an increased heterogeneity at local scopes, with a higher and more diverse number of significant determinants of forest cover. Additionally, we detected stronger spatial interactions at smaller levels, providing empirical evidence that certain deforestation forces occur independently of the existing de jure governance boundaries. We demonstrated that neglecting spatial dependencies in this type of studies can lead to several misinterpretations. We therefore advocate, that the design and enforcement of policy instruments—such as REDD+—should start from common international entry points that ensure for coherent agricultural and demographic policies. In order to achieve a long-term impact on the ground, these policies need to have enough flexibility to be modified and adapted to specific national, regional or local conditions.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ИРАНА

The relevance of this article is due to the increasing geopolitical role of Iran as a dominant player in the Middle East being under severe pressure from external sanctions. These conditions make Iran a good example for research on the performance of population policies. Taking into account sanctions, decisions of the country's leadership in the demographic sphere are made under a large burden of responsibility and are based on the idea, that population is the main resource for the further development of the state. This article presents an analysis of the trends in the demographic development of Iran after the Islamic Revolution for the period from 1979 to 2019, as well as considers the current demographic policy of the Government of Iran. There are analyzed a structure of the population by gender, age, ethnic, religious affiliation and features of population distribution in Iran. However, birth and death data testify to a natural population growth in the country, they reveal a tendency for irrational population growth, especially in the first decade after the Islamic revolution. The change in the components of natural growth in Iran is caused by the repeated change in the demographic policy from a sharp increase in the birth rate to its reduction and vice versa. Based on the data from the Statistical Center of Iran, we state that Iranian society is be-coming more and more similar in matters of marriage and divorce to the societies of economically devel-oped countries. The total number of divorces is increasing in the country and the average age of marriage is growing as well. Taking into account current plans of the Iranian leadership to increase the population, both with life expectancy, it is obvious that the problem of aging population will increase in the country and will require additional costs from the state in the nearest future.

Демографічна складова стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку

The social and economic development strategy’s demographic component was investigated, regarding actual conditions. The demographic policy’s role in the system of strategic legislation was clarified and substantiated. The analysis of the population’s main socio-demographic characteristics under conditions of the national economy’s transformations was carried out, taking macroeconomic cyclicality into account. It was substantiated that the demographic strategy’s priorities should be regarded as a multidimensional set of measures to increase life expectancy at birth, to reduce mortality, especially in the economically active population’s stratum as well as in the stratum of children under 5 years of age. The main reasons for the reduction in Ukrainian population over the 1990–2019 period have been identified, considering its natural and mechanical movements. Ukrainian population’s distribution peculiarities were determined, taking its division between the urban and the rural into account. For Ukraine and some Eastern and Central European advanced and emerging market economies, the comparative analysis of the main demographic indicators – in particular the average annual rate of population change, the average fertility rate, the average life expectancy at birth, the average mortality rate (separately for men and women), the average total demographic dependency ratio, the young people dependency ratio, and the elderly dependency ratio as well – was performed. The total demographic dependency ratio in particular Ukrainian administrative-territorial units was analyzed too. The influence of specified social and demographic indicators on the economic growth rates in the context of sustainability theory was investigated. In Ukraine, the human development index’s dynamics and compositional peculiarities were studied, regarding both economic and socio-cultural peculiarities. It was determined that the strategic regulation’s general task in the context of economic development and public production structural optimization was associated with the regulation of demographic determinants.

Depopulation in the regions of Russia by the beginning of 2020

The article summarizes the natural increase / decrease in the population of the regions and macroregions of the Russian Federation for 1992-2019. Depopulation is a steady natural population decline, it's characteristic of most European territories (countries or parts thereof), whose population was heavily affected in World War II. This applies to both sides of the conflict — and fascist Germany (as well as militaristic Asian Japan), on the one hand; and the territories of modern Poland, the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, the European part of the Russian Federation, parts of the former Yugoslavia, on the other hand. As a result, since the 1970s the population of these territories began to enter a period of depopulation, the excess of mortality over fertility. This happened as a result of a downward demographic wave, the so-called «first echo of the Second World War», as well as due to global trends of declining birth rates in the entire developed and rapidly developing world. In general, over the 28 years of the post-Soviet period from the beginning of 1992 to the beginning of2020, depopulation covered all European regions of Russia with the exception of 5 republics of the North Caucasus and the Republic of Kalmykia. A somewhat different picture was observed beyond the Ural Range. Here, the depopulation in most large industrial regions was primarily due to the post-Soviet migration outflow of the population to the European part of the country — to the capital regions and plains of Southern Russia with a favorable climate. Positive natural growth was only in the oil and gas bearing Tyumen oblast, the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as in the republics of Southern Siberia, whose indigenous population professes Buddhism. The article presents an analysis for each of the typical groups of Russian regions, provides statistics for 28 years of the demographic (reproductive) development of territories, substantiates conclusions, among which the main one is the following. The decrease in the volume of current and upcoming demographic human losses in Russia depends on the consistency, scientific justification, efficiency, effectiveness and selectivity of the country's demographic policy.

Analysing First Birth Interval by A CART Survival Tree.

BackgroundBirth spacing, especially the first birth interval (FBI), is a suitable index to investigate the delayed fertil- ity that results in a low fertility pattern. Non-parametric familiar alternatives to the Cox proportional hazard regression (CPH) model include survival trees that can automatically discover certain types of covariate interactions according to the survival length. The aim of this research is to study FBI influential factors by applying survival trees.Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 610 married women (aged 15-49 years), were selected from different regions of Tehran, Iran in the Winter and Spring of 2017. Classification and regression trees (CART) for the FBI survival tree were fitted by taking into consideration the predictors of each woman’s age, age at first marriage, educational level, partner’s educational level, activity, region, house ownership, kinship, partner’s race, marriage time attitude, and expenditure using R packages.ResultsSince the PH assumption of the CPH model was not confirmed for the covariates of age at first marriage (P=0.001), kinship (P=0.000), partner’s race (P=0.001), and marriage time attitude (P=0.042), the results of this model were not valid. Thus, a CART survival tree was fitted. The validity of the fitted model in assessing FBI was confirmed by the significant result of the log rank test (P<0.01) for the terminal nodes and the value of the separation measure, which was greater than 1. The fitted tree had 13 terminal nodes and the most vital FBI predictor was women’s age. The longest FBI belonged to educated and employed women, ages 30-37 years.ConclusionAnalysing patterns of birth spacing by selecting the appropriate statistical method provides important informa- tion for health policymakers. In order to formulate appropriate demographic policies, it is essential to take into consideration age, educational level and job status of the women, all of which have essential roles on their decision to have children.

What will Increase the Birth Rate — Benefits for Families with Children or Demographic Self-Regulation?

The author criticizes the opinion of A.G. Vishnevsky that so-called demographic selfregulation, i.e. the population spontaneous reacting to living conditions, can stop the natural decline of the population (depopulation). Depopulation creates problems for the state, but not for families. Families with one or two children don’t get in trouble for having “too few” children. On the contrary, after the birth of their third child, their living conditions deteriorate. Depopulation cannot be expected to lead to a spontaneous increase in the birth rate to the level of a simple replacement of generations. Only demographic policy, i.e. providing benefits and allowances for families with three or more children can solve this problem.

The self-preserving behavior of Russian population: dispositions and risks

The article elaborates on research tasks determining the vector trends and key risks of actual models of self-preserving behavior of population in Russia on scale of national security level and searching the means of increasing effectiveness of regional demographic policy in area of developing effective self-preserving choices of life-style strategies. The results of sociological survey of the aspects of self-preserving behavior of residents of the central regions of the Russian Federation (the study was carried out on a quota sample, n = 1060) are analyzed. The study made it possible to answer the questions about the importance of health and to assess it identifying the groups of relative and absolute risk. The study provided following results: the importance factors affecting development of self-preserving behavioral patterns and choice trajectories among respondents, as well as motivation for health protection and for refusal to live longer. The most important factors turned out to be personal resources and family upbringing. The most powerful motivation was the desire for well-being, participation in children's lives and self-fulfillment. The results of the study made it possible to identify self-preserving perimeter of residents of the central part of Russia. Though being aware of and understanding the importance and priority of health, almost half of the respondents waive their responsibility for their own well-being and life expectancy and at the same time displaying a clear distrust of medical institutions. Such a position of non-resource situation foregrounds all the possible risks associated with both loss of health and the failure to maintain it at satisfactory level. The results of study confirm the research hypothesis that the groups of relative and absolute risk correlate with the groups choosing external locus of control over their health. The obtained data is the basis for empirical verification of the indices of self-preserving strategies and the starting point for forecast calculations of possible risks of national demographic policy.

Influence of Family Policy and Normative Beliefs about Family on Fertility: a Comparative Analysis

The article analyzes differences in the interrelations between family (or demographic) policy and fertility in familist and paternalist societies. It is argued that explanations of such differences based on multiple modernities theory and institutional approach are more comprehensive and better consistent with the empirical data than those presented by second demographic transition theory. The paternalistic nature of state-family relations caused an earlier launch of pronatalist measures, such as paid maternal leave in Soviet Russia in 1981 and “speed premium” in Sweden in 1986, as compared with Japan and South Korea, in which familism long prevented to implement the similar measures. Besides, in both Russia and Sweden fluctuations of fertility, due to its procyclical changes and jumps in response to pronatalist policy measures, were much stronger than in Southern Europe, South Korea and Japan. Although transmission of family loyalty patterns to corporative sphere strongly contributed to successive economic and technological modernizations of Japan and South Korea, it had a negative effect on fertility. Due to peculiarities of modernization, in Russia, as well as in Japan and South Korea, paternal leaves, unlike the Scandinavian countries, are still not popular. While solidarity of family members continues to play a vital role, it cannot provide for satisfactory level of fertility today and should be supplemented by policy aimed at increase of fertility.

Современная медико-демографическая ситуация в Тамбовской области

Abstract. We understand the medical and demographic situation as a set of demographic phenomena and processes that are factors that negatively affect the state of health of the population in this territory, and actualize the need for making scientifically sound management decisions in the regional health system. The purpose of the study: on the basis of official statistics, to research the features of the demographic situation in the Tambov Region and to identify fundamental demographically determined patterns of formation, the state of health of the region's population. Materials and methods. As an information base, we used the following: official statistics on the demography of Tambovstat for 2000–2020; data from statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for 2007–2019. Results. The demographic situation in the region has been in deep crisis over the past decades and is characterized by a steady downward trend in the total population, averaging 10276 per year; lack of female population of fertile age, which is 41,4 % of all women instead of the necessary 50 %; adverse changes in the structure of women of fertile age, which consisted in a decrease in the proportion of intervals of 20–24 years and 25–29 years, which are the most reproductive; the low level of the total fertility rate, according to which the Tambov Region occupies 84th place among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation; completion of the formation of a low-density family model; 90 % of families in the Tambov Region have 1–2 children and only 10 % – more than two; sustainable narrowing of the population; in 2018, the average number of children a woman gives birth to during the re-productive period was 1.33 (TFR); negative natural growth and negative migration balances, which represent steady trends since 1990. In the Tambov Region, it is necessary to conduct fundamental demographic studies that will make it possible to develop scientifically justified models of the reproduction of the population of a typical agro-industrial region of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, calculate the forecast and offer management structures recommendations for the formation of a rational and productive regional demographic policy.

Демографическая безопасность этноса как фундаментальный фактор сохранения адыгов

The article is devoted to the problem of demographic security of Russia and its subjects. The demographic crisis and depopulation of the population create tangible geopolitical dangers. The study of demographic security is not only to prevent depopulation and preserve the population, but also to preserve the ethnic structure of the population and the gene pool of the nation. Based on earlier forecasts of population reproduction and age structure, the article identifies the period of depopulation in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, identifies deformations in the age structure of children and the expected consequences. The article reveals the emergence of new, unusual for the Russian economy, threats to demographic security for regional economic systems. The necessity of creating a database for monitoring demographic security is justified. In addition to the general indicators of population reproduction, it is advisable to use indicators that reflect the rate of change in population reproduction and the characteristics of the quality of the population. The expediency of returning the Circassian diaspora on a voluntary basis, as one of the ways to prevent depopulation not only in the republic, but also of the entire Adyghe ethnic group, and to preserve the ethnic balance in the southern and North Caucasian federal districts, is justified. This study is essential for assessing demographic security in Russia and its regions and developing a differentiated demographic policy.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО РАЙОНА В XXI ВЕКЕ

Implementation of the "Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025" and Priority national projects in health and demography helped to reduce mortality and increase birth rate. However, these processes in rural areas had their own characteristics due to the long-term systemic crisis. Purpose: to assess the state and trends in demographic development of the rural district of the Krasnoyarsk region. Material and methods. The paper uses data of the State statistics for the period 2010-2018. The main demographic indicators of the Nizhneingashsky district of the Krasnoyarsk region were studied: population size, population structure by age and gender, birth and death rates. Results. The district population has a long-term sustainable tendency towards decreasing (15.9% during the study period). It is mainly due to the migration outflow of the working – age population, the size of which decreased by 24.6 %. The district mortality rate is high (16.7‰), however, during the study period it has dropped by 30.3 %. There is an ongoing tendency towards reduction in the share of people of working ages (up to 55.9%) in the population structure, primarily due to moving to other territories, and increase in the share of the elderly and senile (up to 23.9%), which makes it possible to classify this area as the one with a very high level of demographic old age population. Analysis of indicators of the special birth rate F allows us to characterize it as low (˂ 64‰). The growth rate of this indicator added up to 20.9 % in 2013 compared to 2010, while it decreased by 45.9% from 2013 to 2018. From 2010 to 2017, the total birth rate in the Nizhneingashsky district decreased by -1.02‰ (∆b), or 7.5 %. Conclusion. The ongoing decline in the share of fertile females is the main demographic factor that has spurred the decline in the birth rate since 2013. Opening new jobs in the district will stimulate the influx of people from other territories as well as reduce the migration outflow of the working-age population, rather increasing the population then just preserving its size. Increase in the share of the working-age population of reproductive age will contribute to the increased birth rate, because it is traditionally higher in rural areas. Improving demographic situation in the district requires development of socio-economic measures aimed at stimulating the birth of the third and subsequent children.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В МОНГОЛИИ

The purpose of this article is to find ways to improve the demographic situation in Mongolia. The paper analyzed the population size, the dynamics of the birth rate for 2019–2020, the socio-economic development of the state, determined the cause-and-effect relationships between changes in demographic processes and the search for ways to improve the well-being of the population of Mongolia.The main attention in the study was paid to socio-economic, general scientific and historical approaches to the study of the demographic situation, methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used.The article presents studies of transformation processes in the demographic situation, the search for solutions to the identified problems of demographic policy in Mongolia. the direct relationship between the growth rates of the country’s economic development and its demographic state is revealed, the trends of changing the demographic situation are determined.

Migration flows in the European Union - perspectives on the integration of the migrants

The consequences of the EU flows of migration recorded before the pandemic COVID - 19 indicated different expectations for the destination countries based on the need to harmonize two opposite European pressure vectors: one vector is to reduce the negative demographic trends and the other is to create better conditions for all persons to participate to social security and welfare mechanism. Adoption of the rates of migrants reflected a mechanism that requires deepening and reconsidering the dimensions of the social and economic inclusion integrative process of the migrants. Thus, given the diversity of the various approaches at the European level to achieve a balance in demographic policies perspective the article highlights the costs and benefits of an endurance process that aims inclusion of migrants at the local level. Complementary, the social and economic inclusion of migrants is a significant challenge for the Member States of the European Union, meaning that the article analyzes the importance of different indicators favorable to positively integrate the migrants. In this respect, the article outlines the progress, the recent measures implemented and the results recorded by the destination countries which are targeted by the migration flows and the best practices recorded so far. It also summarizes the main directions of valorization and dissemination of policies, strategies, and measures taken for the integration of the migrants in the European Union Member States. Social and economic inclusion at the local level of this category of vulnerable people indicates multiple challenges but also creates significant opportunities aimed to test and validate the fundamental European system articulated by the principles of justice, freedom, and security.