Demographic Inquiry Research Articles

Comparing Level of Happiness and Depression Between Turkish and International Medical Students

This cross-sectional study was aimed to compare happiness and depression levels among group Turkish and international medical students in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected through an online survey that included demographic inquiries, the Oxford Happiness Scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory II. Significant contrasts emerged in demographic and lifestyle factors between Turkish and international students. Turkish medical students displayed a higher prevalence of unhappiness, although this difference was not statistically significant (66.3% for Turkish students vs. 59.1% for international students; χ² = 2.472, p = 0.116). Conversely, no marked differences were observed in the severity of depression between the two groups (χ² = 0.028, p = 0.986). Conversely, no marked differences were observed in the severity of depression between the two groups (χ2 = 0.028, p = 0.986). Logistic regression analyses revealed noteworthy associations. Factors such as age, academic phase, family history of psychiatric illness, and prior psychiatry treatment were linked to heightened odds of experiencing unhappiness among students. Similarly, significant predictors of depression included a family history of depression and prior psychiatry treatment. However; gender, age, relationship status, accommodation, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and repeated academic years did not exhibit significant associations with unhappiness among the sampled medical students. While the models demonstrated modest explanatory power, these findings emphasize the urgent need to address mental health issues among medical students. Tailored interventions targeting specific vulnerable subgroups are crucial and further research is needed to identify additional factors contributing to psychological distress in this demographic.

The Importance of Qualitative Methods for Understanding Racialized Injustice and Health

ABSTRACTUS research agendas have often been oriented to demographic inquiries of race and health, treating race as a presumed characteristic of individuals and predictive of a range of health outcomes. Without consideration of racialization as a process, and structural racism as embedded in social structures beyond individuals, these approaches have been limited in their ability to examine context, lived experience, interactional processes, and unpacking apparent paradoxes in results. Studies of structural racism, as opposed to individual race, are on the rise but still comprise only a microcosm of all research being done on racialized injustice and health. Furthermore, studies using qualitative methods constitute only about 2% of the work being done on racialized injustice—even in a field such as sociology, which should be well‐positioned to understand how structural racism affects health. We illustrate how strengths of qualitative methods, focused on complexity, process, contextualization, and meaning‐making, are a necessary component of research on structural racism if that work is to be successful in understanding and dismantling racialized health injustice.

Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Slaughterhouse Workers in Sana'a and Dhamar Cities-Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral infection spread through tick bites or contact with secretions from infected animals or humans, posing a risk to slaughterhouse workers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of slaughterhouse workers in Yemen towards CCHF. A cross-sectional study conducted on 173 adults working at slaughterhouses in Sana'a and Dhamar cities, Yemen using a multi-stage sampling. The questionnaire used in the study was a reliable survey instrument (with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.71) employed for the purpose of data collection. The questionnaire encompassed three distinct sections: 1)- demographic inquiries pertaining to age, gender, marital status, level of education, and occupation; 2)- knowledge-based inquiries consisting of 27 items;3)- the attitude section consisted of 11 questions. After completing the questionnaire, the data were analyzed by SPSS version 24, using percentages, chi-square test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. The mean age of the participants was 30.6 years with a SD of 11.2 years, with 84.4% male and 15.6% female. Most slaughterhouse workers were butchers (78.6%) and some were shepherds (21.4%). The participants had poor knowledge (86.7%) and attitude (72.3%) towards CCHF. There exists a noteworthy association between the knowledge scores and the gender, education level, and occupation (P=0.035, P=0.039, P=0.001). A significant positive correlation was identified between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.715, P<0.001). The majority of respondents had poor knowledge of CCHF. Educational programs are essential for increasing community awareness, with involvement of technical experts crucial for disseminating information on preventing and managing CCHF.

Headache prevalence and demographic associations in the Delhi and National Capital Region of India: estimates from a cross-sectional nationwide population-based study

BackgroundIndia is a large and populous country where reliable data on headache disorders are relatively scarce. This study in northern India (Delhi and National Capital Territory Region [NCR], including surrounding districts in the States of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan) continues the series of population-based studies within the Global Campaign against Headache and follows an earlier study, using the same protocol and questionnaire, in the southern State of Karnataka.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used the Global Campaign’s established methodology. Biologically unrelated Indian nationals aged 18–65 years were included through multistage random sampling in both urban and rural areas of NCR. Interviews at unannounced household visits followed the structured Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire in its original English version or in the validated Hindi version. Demographic enquiry was followed by a neutral headache screening question and diagnostic questions based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders edition 3 (ICHD-3), which focused on each respondent’s most bothersome headache. Questions about headache yesterday (HY) enabled estimation of 1-day prevalence. A diagnostic algorithm first identified participants reporting headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+), diagnosing probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) in those also reporting acute medication use on ≥ 15 days/month, and “other H15+” in those not. To all others, the algorithm applied ICHD-3 criteria in the order definite migraine, definite tension-type headache (TTH), probable migraine, probable TTH. Definite and probable diagnoses were combined.ResultsAdjusted for age, gender and habitation, 1-year prevalences were 26.3% for migraine, 34.1% for TTH, 3.0% for pMOH and 4.5% for other H15+. Female preponderance was seen in all headache types except TTH: migraine 35.7% vs. 15.1% (aOR = 3.3; p < 0.001); pMOH 4.3% vs. 0.7% (aOR = 5.1; p < 0.001); other H15 + 5.9% vs. 2.3% (aOR = 2.5; p = 0.08). One-day prevalence of (any) headache was 12.0%, based on reported HY. One-day prevalence predicted from 1-year prevalence and mean recalled headache frequency over 3 months was slightly lower (10.5%).ConclusionsThe prevalences of migraine and TTH in Delhi and NCR substantially exceed global means. They closely match those in the Karnataka study: migraine 25.2%, TTH 35.1%. We argue that these estimates can reasonably be extrapolated to all India.

The prevalence and demographic associations of headache in the adult population of Benin: a cross-sectional population-based study

BackgroundThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is increasingly well informed with regard to headache disorders, but sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains one of the large regions of the world with limited data directly derived from population-based studies. The Global Campaign against Headache has conducted three studies in this region: Ethiopia in the east, Zambia in the south and Cameroon in Central SSA. Here we report a similar study in Benin, the first from West SSA.MethodsWe used the same methods and questionnaire, applying cluster-randomized sampling in three regions of the country, randomly selecting households in each region, visiting these unannounced and randomly selecting one adult member (aged 18–65 years) of each household. The HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into Central African French, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 criteria.ResultsFrom 2,550 households with eligible members, we recruited 2,400 participants (participating proportion 94.1%). Headache ever was reported by almost all (95.2%), this being the lifetime prevalence. Headache in the last year was reported by 74.9%. Age-, gender- and habitation-adjusted estimates of 1-year prevalence were 72.9% for all headache, 21.2% for migraine (including definite and probable), 43.1% for TTH (also including definite and probable), 4.5% for probable medication-overuse (pMOH) and 3.1% for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month. One-day (point) prevalence of headache was 14.8% according to reported headache on the day preceding interview.ConclusionsOverall, these findings are evidence that headache disorders are very common in Benin, a low-income country. The prevalence of pMOH, well above the estimated global mean of 1–2%, is evidence that poverty is not a bar to medication overuse. The findings are very much the same as those in a similar study in its near neighbour, Cameroon. With regard to migraine, they are reasonably in accord with two of three earlier studies in selected Beninese populations, which did not take account of probable migraine. This study adds to the hitherto limited knowledge of headache in SSA.

Headache in the adult population of Cameroon: prevalence estimates and demographic associations from a cross-sectional nationwide population-based study

BackgroundKnowledge of headache prevalence, and the burdens attributable to headache disorders, remains incomplete in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): reliable studies have been conducted only in Zambia (southern SSA) and Ethiopia (eastern SSA). As part of the Global Campaign against Headache, we investigated the prevalence of headache in Cameroon, in Central SSA.MethodsWe used the same methodology as the studies in Zambia and Ethiopia, employing cluster-randomized sampling in four regions of Cameroon, selected to reflect the country’s geographic, ethnic and cultural diversities. We visited, unannounced, randomly selected households in each region, and randomly selected one adult member (aged 18–65 years) of each. Trained interviewers administered the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) structured questionnaire, developed by an international expert consensus group and translated into Central African French. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 criteria.ResultsHeadache was a near-universal experience in Cameroon (lifetime prevalence: 94.8%). Observed 1-year prevalence of headache was 77.1%. Age- and gender-adjusted estimates were 76.4% (95% confidence interval: 74.9–77.9) for any headache, 17.9% (16.6–19.3) for migraine (definite + probable), 44.4% (42.6–46.2) for tension-type headache (TTH; also definite + probable), 6.5% (5.7–7.4) for probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) and 6.6% (5.8–7.6) for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15 +). One-day prevalence (“headache yesterday”) was 15.3%. Gender differentials were as expected (more migraine and pMOH among females, and rather more TTH among males). pMOH increased in prevalence until age 55 years, then declined somewhat. Migraine and TTH were both associated with urban dwelling, pMOH, in contrast, with rural dwelling.ConclusionsHeadache disorders are prevalent in Cameroon. As in Zambia and Ethiopia, estimates for both migraine and TTH exceed global mean estimates. Attributable burden is yet to be reported, but these findings must lead to further research, and measures to develop and implement headache services in Cameroon, with appropriate management and preventative strategies.

Science, technology, and innovation in health for the next twenty years: A survey analysis in Colombia

AbstractBackgroundColombia is a Latin American country with a very complex social and political context that has not allowed the allocation of sufficient resources to the fields of science, technology, and innovation (STI). This is particularly worrying for the area of health since not enough resources are allocated for public health, research, or education.MethodsThe so‐called “Great Survey in Health 2019” was administered online through the SurveyMonkey platform to 5298 people in different regions of the country, representing the public, private, and academic sectors. The questionnaire consisted of 46 open and closed questions, including demographic inquiries. Data analysis involved textual analytics and sentiment analysis.ResultsOverall, 56% of those surveyed were women within the adult life cycle. Most respondents had a postgraduate education. Greater participation was observed in the Oriental, Bogotá, and Antioquia regions, which also concentrate the largest number of resources for STI. Among the main recommendations derived from the results, priorities include investing in research, personalised medicine, promoting the social appropriation of knowledge, addressing mental health, regulating research through a statute, promoting undergraduate research, and establishing recertification exams to pursue excellence.ConclusionThe results of this original study serve as a fundamental input to promote and strengthen the STI processes in life sciences and health. They serve as a guide to generate public policies and actions that guarantee better health and well‐being for the Colombian population, strategically proposing a clear roadmap for the next 20 years.

Predictors of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Nursing Professionals in a Medical City in Saudi Arabia.

The present study aims to evaluate compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout levels in a population of nurses employed at medical city in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. A self-report survey was employed to gather data from 300 nurses at the selected medical city in Riyadh. The survey incorporated a demographic inquiry along with the utilization of the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5). The ProQOL scale is one of the most widely used measures of CS, CF, and burnout. The ProQOL scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences (ie CS, CF, and burnout). This survey was disseminated through email channels, and it garnered participation from 177 nurses, culminating in a response rate of 59%. The study's findings reveal that nurses displayed average mean levels of CS, CF, and burnout. Interestingly, the participants aged 18-56 reported higher levels of burnout, particularly those in the age groups of 18-25, 26-35, and 36-56. Moreover, those with under 10 years' experience exhibited higher degrees of burnout and less CS compared to their more experienced counterparts. Additionally, nurses with professional qualifications demonstrated better scores on CS, CF, and burnout compared to those without such qualifications. The experience of CF and CS among nurses appears to be influenced by multiple variables, such as length of experience, age, and professional qualifications. Nurses in certain age groups and with less experience are more prone to experiencing burnout, while having professional qualifications seems to protect against adverse outcomes to some extent.

Suicide ideation and the related factors among Iranian transgender people: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveSuicide is a significant public health concern worldwide, and efforts to prevent it are crucial. This study aims to assess suicide ideation among transgender individuals in Iran. A cross-sectional design was used, with 235 transgender participants recruited through snowball sampling across Iran. The data collection included a questionnaire containing demographic inquiries, while the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was employed to gather data. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using SPSS software.ResultsThe findings indicate that the prevalence of suicidal ideation among the transgender individuals in the study was 83%, with a mean score of 12.8 ± 8.8 on the suicide ideation scale. Individuals with lower levels of education, younger age, unemployment, and being divorced or single demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to others (p < 0.05). This study highlights the high prevalence of suicidal ideation among Iranian transgender individuals, particularly among those with lower age and education levels, as well as those who have not undergone gender reassignment surgery.

&lt;p&gt;Factors Affecting University Graduates’ Employability in Egypt Using Egyptian University Students as a Case Study&lt;/p&gt;

Employability refers to the process of gaining initial employment, maintaining employment, and successfully obtaining new employment if required. In simple terms, employability is about being capable of obtaining and keeping fulfilling work. Employability is having a set of skills, including knowledge, understanding, and personal attributes that make a person more likely to choose and secure occupations in which they can be satisfied and successful. Employability depends on knowledge (what you know), skills (what you do with what you know), and attitudes (how you approach things). In higher education, the employment of university graduates is influenced by many factors including institutional ranking, image, branding, and program structure. Therefore, university reputation in specific programs is important and affects the employability of graduates directly.&#x0D; In a recent paper by the corresponding author, we argued that university branding is critical for developing a favorable image and impacts one’s identity formation and promotion substantially, thus differentiating and placing one in a highly competitive context. In this paper, we will investigate the factors that influence employability among university graduates and determine which ones can affect the overall graduate employability of university graduates in Egypt. These factors include academic branding, academic performance, technical skills, communication skills, personality, leadership and motivational skills, and teamwork and problem-solving skills, taken as independent variables, while overall graduate employability was considered the dependent variable. In addition, we consider the impact of the university’s reputation on graduate employability.&#x0D; Survey methods were used on 500 graduates and undergraduates (fourth level) from different Egyptian universities who have not yet performed employability behavior, chosen at random, by using exploratory factor analysis to validate the items under those independent variables and structural equation modeling with AMOS to test the hypothesized relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The questionnaire had 20 questions, including demographic inquiries and questions about the abovementioned topics. The findings of this study can help scholars further investigate the employability aspects and guide fresh graduates in acquiring the required employability skills while assisting companies in recruiting suitable people with the required skills and performance.

Botulinum Toxin Off Label Use in Chronic Migraine Patients: An American Headache Society Clinical Survey Study (P11-12.002)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate the off-label clinical use of botulinum toxins (BTX) in patients with chronic migraine (CM) amongst the American Headache Society (AHS) Membership. <h3>Background:</h3> CM is defined as the presence of headache &gt;=15 days per month with 8 days of headache meeting criteria for migraine with or without aura for 3 months. The FDA approved onabotulinumtoxin A for the treatment of CM in 2010, but in clinical practice other BTX are used off-label. The objective of this study was to better understand the frequency and nature of off-label BTX use, by surveying members of AHS. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> The AHS Procedural Headache Medicine Special Interest Group created a 15 question survey. Questions included demographic inquiry (practice type, location, provider specialty, board certification status) and questions pertaining to the use of BTX. Dissemination of the survey was approved by AHS. It was sent electronically to 1,665 members via the AHS membership listserv in September 2021. <h3>Results:</h3> 168 out of 1,665 (10%) members responded. Among the respondents, 127 (76%) were trained in Neurology, 69 respondents (41%) were headache board certified and/or headache fellowship trained, and 70.83% reported never using a toxin other than onabotulinumtoxinA for CM. In terms of off-lablel BTX use, 16.1% have used incobotulinumtoxinA, followed by abobotulinumtoxinA (13.1%) and rimabotulinumtoxinB (6.6%). The most common reason to use an alternative toxin was administration/payer imposed. In terms of efficacy, 67% of those who used a different toxin reported similar efficacy, 19% reported better efficacy, and 16.3% reported worse efficacy. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Alternative toxins are not used by the majority of headache providers for the treatment of CM. When used, however, (1) incobotulinumtoxinA is the most commonly used alternative toxin, (2) it is due to administrator/payer request, and (3) most clinicians feel it is as effective as onabotulinumtoxinA. Limitations of this study include low survey responder rate. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Ali has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Ebsco. Ms. Davis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for Abbvie/Allergan. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Lilly. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Amgen. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as a Consultant for BioHaven. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Supernus. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Theranica. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Impel. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Upsher Smith. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for Linpharma. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Allergan. Dr. Mathew has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for CRICO.

Promoting Diverse Leadership: An Examination of Professional Experiences and Career Advancement Perceptions of Black Women in Higher Education

The professional experiences and career advancement perceptions of Black, female, higher education professionals were examined in an effort to obtain qualitative and quantitative data that could positively impact practice and policy in higher education leadership. Data were collected using a mixed questionnaire that included survey items, open-ended questions, and demographic inquiries. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVAs) was conducted to assess the difference in mean perception career advancement scores based on participants’ professional classification, highest level of education, and years of professional experience. No statistically significant differences (p &gt; .05) were found. The lack of differences across demographics indicates that Black, female, higher education professionals have similar perceptions of career advancement, regardless of professional classification, education achieved, or years of experience.

2021 AAPM Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Climate Survey Executive Summary

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) shares the results, conclusions, and recommendations from the initial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Climate Survey conducted in 2021. The climate survey targeted medical physicists who are full members of the AAPM and included demographic inquiries and questions intended to assess the working environmental climate in terms of a sense of belonging and inclusion, experiences of discrimination and harassment, and obstacles to participation within the AAPM. The survey invitation was sent to 5500 members. Responses were collected from 1385 members (response rate of 25%) between January and February 2021. Overall, the medical physics workplace climate was positive. However, some demographic and professional subgroups reported lower levels of agreement with positive characteristics of their workplace climates. Compared with men, women ranked lower 7 of 8 categories that characterized the workplace climate. Other subgroups that also ranked the workplace climate descriptors lower included individuals not originally from the United States and Canada (3/8). Most respondents strongly agreed/agreed that the climate within the AAPM was welcoming. However, 17% of respondents reported personally experiencing or witnessing microaggressions within the AAPM. Overall, medical physicists reported low levels of agreement that opportunities within the AAPM were available to them, from 34% to 60% among 8 categories, including opportunities to volunteer, join committees, and compete for leadership positions within the AAPM. Several subgroups reported even lower levels of agreement that these opportunities are available. Asian and Asian American respondents (3/8) and physicists with origins in countries outside the United States and Canada (7/8) reported fewer opportunities to participate in the AAPM. Medical physicists reported their experiences of discrimination and sexual harassment in their workplaces and within the AAPM. For those who reported personal experiences of sexual harassment, only 24% (15/63) felt comfortable reporting when it occurred within their workplaces, and 35% (9/26) felt comfortable reporting when it occurred within the AAPM. The report concludes with several recommendations for action.

Cultural Constructions of Demographic Inquiry: Experiences of an Expatriate Researcher in Tunisia

The average number of children per woman in Tunisia has declined from about seven in the mid 1960’s to about five in the early 1980’s, but the change has been slower over the last part of this period. In attempting to understand Tunisian society and its childbearing situation, we address questions of (1) sex roles, (2) conflicts over models of development and (3) tribal loyalties. The state has attempted to change sex roles, but there remain powerful traditional forces, especially from men, giving priority to women’s family roles. The conflict between Western and Islamic models of development implies that there is a wide element of ambivalence as people try to seek the advantages of both the small (Western) family and the large family corresponding to cultural traditions. For many, four children represent a type of compromise: “not too many, not too few”. Given the ways in which tribal loyalties become part of institutional dynamics, certain groups have come to perceive that Family Planning is acting not for them but for its own benefit. In the course of reconstructing these fertility dynamics, the author also stresses the experiences through which he learnt to situate the relevant issues.

Knowledge, Risk Perception, Precautionary Behavior and Level of Worry towards the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) among Psychiatric Outpatients

Objective: To identify level of worry towards COVID-19, and related factors among psychiatric outpatients.Methods:A cross-sectional study surveyed psychiatric outpatients at Songklanagarind Hospital; from May to June, 2020. The questionnaires composed of; 1) Demographic inquiry 2) COVID-19 knowledge 3) COVID-19 risk perception 4) COVID-19 precautionary behaviors. 5) Level of worry towards COVID-19. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and associated factors as to the level of worry towards COVID-19 were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression.Results: There were 400 participants; neurosis (60.0%), and non-neurosis (40.0%). The majority of participants were female (62.0%), with a mean age of; 44.5±14.6 years. Almost all participants reported a good score of COVID-19 knowledge (91.8%), and having good precautionary behavior towards COVID-19 (97.5%). Majority of participants had a low risk perception (54.2%) and a low level of worry towards COVID-19 (67.0%). Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder participants were the 1st and 2nd group who had a high to moderate level of worry towards COVID-19. Aside from, from the multivariate analysis, this study indicated income, psychiatric disorders and risk perception towards COVID-19 were statistically significant associated factors related to levels of worry.Conclusion: Most psychiatric outpatients had good knowledge, good precautionary behaviors and a low level of worry towards COVID-19; with associated factors to level of worry being income, risk perception and being diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. However, major depressive disorder patients should also be concerned.

Sleep Quality and Burnout Syndrome among Residents in Training at the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University

Objective: To assess sleep quality, burnout syndrome and associated factors among residents in training.Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed all residents in training at the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University; from August to October, 2019. The questionnaires were composed of 3 parts: 1) Personal and demographic inquiry 2) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Thai version 3) The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Thai version. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the results were showed as average, percentage, frequency, and standard deviation. Associated factors of sleep quality were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression.Results: There were 217 respondents. The majority of residents were female (57.1%), with a mean age of; 26.8+1.6 years. The participants reported their mean working hours, per week, as 67.8+28.5, and 78.3% of them had poor sleep quality. The problematic sleep subscales were subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction. In addition, the disturbed factors for sleep quality were sleep disruption while being on call at 02.00-04.00am, temperature and noise in the bedroom while being on duty. The prevalence of burnout syndrome among residents was 95.4%, with the highest score revealed to be emotional exhaustion. Logistic regression showed that the associated factors of sleep quality were environmental problems in the bedroom while being on duty and emotional exhaustion.Conclusion: Most residents had poor sleep quality; with associated factors of sleep quality being environmental problems in the bedroom and burnout syndrome.

Urbanisation and differential vulnerability to coastal flooding among migrants and nonmigrants in Bangladesh

AbstractLike much of Asia, Bangladesh will see an urban transition in the coming decades. Yet, its urbanisation will be unprecedented in terms of climate vulnerabilities. Little is known about urbanisation and migrants, in the context of these vulnerabilities, in part because demographic inquiry and training (with a few notable exceptions) has only begun in the last decade to embrace new, spatial data and methods of analysis—especially those involving earth‐observing satellites. This descriptive analysis examines urban change along with low‐elevation coastal zone (LECZ) data as a proxy for flood exposure, using data from satellites, and integrates those features with socioeconomic characteristics and migration information from demographic and health survey data (DHS 2000–2014). We describe where urban change has occurred in the past 40 years, with a focus on understanding change occurring in LECZ areas. We then describe vulnerabilities of the households and migrants in areas of urban change from about 2004 onward, both in terms of their potential exposure to flooding and socioeconomic characteristics. We find that moderate‐risk, 7‐10m LECZ areas are not only more built‐up than higher elevation areas, but they have also had appreciably more urban development as measured by built‐up change than other areas. Although we found that poor urban households are more likely to be located in flood‐prone areas, poor households were also less likely to be in areas that are built‐up. The 0‐6m LECZ has lower proportions of urban in‐migrants, but among those migrants to cities, the flood‐prone LECZ is more likely to be the destination of poor migrants. This paper suggests that climate adaptation plans should be spatially specific because poor migrants are more likely to be located in LECZ areas that are more prone to flooding.

Substance Use and Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences in Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students

BACKGROUND: Substance misuse remains a public health crisis and contributor to morbidity and mortality. The nursing workforce is not immune to the impacts of substance misuse as rates are thought to mirror those of the general population. Additionally, as substance misuse often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, prevalence of misuse among practicing nurses highlights the fact that students are also at risk. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine rates and patterns of substance use and adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure among nursing students while also examining associations between substance use and ACE exposure. METHOD: This study utilizes a cross-sectional and descriptive design through the provision of email surveys to nursing students. Email surveys consisting of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Drug Abuse Screening Tool 10-item survey, the ACE Questionnaire, and a demographic inquiry were distributed via Qualtrics survey software. RESULTS: A total of 662 individuals participated in the survey, the majority of whom self-identified as female, were undergraduate students, and were between 18 and 21 years. Moderate- to high-risk alcohol use was identified in 20% of students, while moderate- to high-risk drug use was identified in 3.6% of students. More than half of students endorsed exposure to at least one ACE. Significant associations were found between the Drug Abuse Screening Tool 10-item survey and the ACE Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have significant implications for nursing educators and must inform groundwork for the development of policies and interventions that are evidence based, nonpunitive, and trauma informed.

The Pattern of Use of Medical Masks Among Health Care Professionals During Covid 19 Pandemic in South East Nigeria University Teaching Hospitals

In history, pandemic outbreaks have wiped out populations as well as paved way for innovations and advances in Medicine and Public health. This study aims to ascertain the inherent knowledge gap and practice regarding the use of medical mask by healthcare workers during Covid-19 pandemic. Methods. This cross sectional survey was conducted at six tertiary hospitals within the south east Nigeria in April-June 2020 using convenient sampling method, a total of 273 respondents was enrolled in the study. A three components questionnaire comprising demographic inquiries, questions was designed to assess knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals regarding the use of medical mask. Collated data was analysed using SPSS software version 21. Result, 73.3% of the participant thought they knew the procedural steps in the use of medical mask however only 18.3% healthcare workers had good practice on the use of medical mask. Significant difference. (p<0.05) in total mean knowledge among different cadres of healthcare workers was observed and total percentage of participant with good knowledge and practice of the use of medical mask were 37% and 17.1% respectively. A weak positive correlation was also observed between knowledge and practice regarding the use of medical mask among health care professionals in south east Nigeria university teaching hospital. Conclusion: Findings from this study has reaffirmed the importance of continuous medical education thus knowledge and practice of the use of medical mask should be emphasized according to international standards to ensure they offer optimal product performance when used by healthcare professionals.

Perceived Health Outcomes of Mountain Bikers: A National Demographic Inquiry

Given the International Mountain Bike Association’s growing membership, mountain biking popularity, and industry growth, it is important to explore perceived health benefits and outcomes derived from the sport of mountain biking. Mountain biking is currently one of the fastest growing recreational activities in the world, but empirical documentation regarding outcomes from participation is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived health outcomes of mountain biking as they relate to different demographic groups in the United States. Data were collected using the Perceived Heath Outcomes of Recreation Scale, which measured recreation outcomes in terms of prevention, improvement, and psychological benefits from recreation participation in mountain biking. Results from this national study explored differences according to gender, age, membership, and regions. Findings suggest that women perceived higher psychological health outcomes, and men perceived higher health outcomes related to prevention. Older riders significantly perceived prevention-based health outcomes from mountain biking than their younger counterparts. No differences were found between prevention, psychological, and improvement outcomes related to membership. Regional analysis revealed a homogenous view of health outcomes from mountain bikers across the U.S. Land managers, outdoor advocacy groups, and commercial outfitters could use this research to promote the health benefits of mountain biking. Interestingly, and noteworthy from a public health perspective, mountain bikers who ride twice monthly, or every day, perceived similar outcomes. This provides support for the notion that mountain biking, even when participating with less frequency, bodes well as a possible recreation activity to address some of the challenges our society faces regarding unhealthy lifestyles. Recreation professionals could advocate for an alternative form of physical activity by introducing mountain biking to new audiences, while articulating the possible health benefits achieved from participation. This study may be useful to outdoor recreation programmers and public land use managers to better understand participants on park trails; and to allow for better recognition of benefits resulting from mountain biking on trails. Subscribe to JPRA