Demographic Data Questionnaire Research Articles

Stigma and illness uncertainty among patients with visible burn scars: A cross-sectional study

The purpose of this research was to understand the current status of stigma and illness uncertainty in patients with visible burns and explore the correlation between them. Measures to help patients alleviate shame and uncertainty in illness are also discussed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from November 2020 to March 2021 for patients with burns on exposed parts of the face, neck, or limbs. The scales used in this study include demographic data questionnaires, the Social Impact Scale (SIS), and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults (MUIS-A). A two-tailed independent t-test was used to evaluate the differences in the respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, stigma, and illness uncertainty. The total stigma and illness uncertainty scores of 146 patients were 57.03 ± 6.762 and 68.59 ± 12.901, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that stigma was positively correlated with illness uncertainty (r = 0.398, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed a relationship between stigma and uncertainty of illness (B = 0.215, p = 0.000), itching (B = 2.555, p = 0.01), residence (B = 2.545, p = 0.029), and age (B = 0.074, p = 0.037). The stigma level of patients with visible burns increased with increasing uncertainty regarding illness. Therefore, reducing the patients’ uncertainty in illness is a way to intervene in stigma.

Gender differences in mental health, academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability in a sample of college freshmen: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Gender differences among undergraduates are mainly found in the prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about gender differences in academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability among freshmen. Thus, this study aimed to identify gender differences in demographics, mental health, academic life satisfaction, and psychological vulnerability of freshmen. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 560 Portuguese freshmen. An online survey was used to collect data in all 29 Lisbon District colleges. Data were collected through a demographic and academic data questionnaire, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), the Academic Life Satisfaction Scale (ALLS), the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), and a question to assess students’ perception of their vulnerability. We found significant gender-related differences (p < .05) in all subscales of MHI-38, the ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and the self-perception of vulnerability. Overall, freshmen women presented worse scores in all subscales of MHI-38, in ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and a higher self-perception of vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need to design and implement mental health promotion activities, mainly focused on the needs of freshmen women, in colleges.

The Attitudes of Nurses in the Hospital toward Vulnerable People

Background: Vulnerable people are at higher risk for ill health and often experience discrimination in health services. Persons with disabilities, People with Dementia (PWD), and People with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are some groups of people with vulnerabilities who often need hospital care. Nurses are the largest group of health personnel and frequently meet with these patients so that the attitude of nurses can have a consequence on the quality of health care. Research Objectives: To identify nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people and factors related to their attitudes. Methods: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 386 nurses in the main public Dr. Sardjito hospital selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected in January-February 2021 with a Google Form. Researchers used a demographic data questionnaire, an attitude questionnaire (Attitude Toward Disabled Person Scale Form O, Dementia Attitude Scale, and AIDS Attitude Scale), and a knowledge questionnaire (Self-Administered Questionnaire about Knowledge), Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, and HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire-18). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, specifically the Spearman rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The score of nurses' attitudes towards persons with disabilities was 54.00 out of 120; the score of nurses' attitudes to PWD was 102.00 out of 140; and the score of nurses' attitudes toward PLWHA was -0.65 out of +5. Knowledge, history of interaction, and experience in caring have a significant effect on nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people (p value &lt;0.05). The education level only affects the attitudes of nurses towards persons with disabilities (p value = 0.042). Family history only affects nurses' attitudes to PWD (p value = 0.013). Age and special education/training only affect the attitudes of nurses on PWD and PLWHA (p value &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Nurses tend to present positive attitudes toward PWD, but nurses are inclined to show negative attitudes against people with disabilities and PLWHA. Knowledge, caring experience, and interaction are confirmed to have an effect on nurses' attitudes with the result that programs to increase knowledge and experience of nurses towards vulnerable groups are recommended for this group. Keywords: Attitude, Dementia, Disability, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Nurse.

Stres dan Kualitas Tidur Caregiver dalam Merawat Pasien Skizofrenia di Poliklinik RSJ Bina Karsa Kota Medan

Family caregiver is the primary care provider for family members with spesific illness. It is often the caregiver experiences stress and sleep disturbances during the caregiving process. This research is a descriptive study which aims to analyze the stress and sleep quality of caregivers in caring for schizophrenia patients at the Polyclinic of the Bina Karsa Psychiatric Hospital / RSJ Bina Karsa Kota Medan. The study population was 442 caregiver patients with schizophrenia who accompanied the patient routine control from April to May 2019. 40 samples were involved with purposive sampling technique. The criteria of caregiver for schizophrenia patients were the family caregiver (father, mother, children, siblings, husband/wife etc.), provide care for 1-4 years, lived in Medan and patients is the recurrent patients. The instruments in this study were a demographic data questionnaire, a DASS 42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire and an SQQ (Sleep Quality Questionnary) questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed by descriptive test, Annova test, and Kruskal Walis test. Based on the results of this study, the majority of respondents experienced mild stress 28 people (70%) with an average length of stay of 1 year and 3 months. For the quality of sleep experienced by the caregiver, data was obtained that 24 respondents (60%) experienced poor sleep quality and only 2 respondents (5%) experienced good sleep quality. In 2 respondents who had good sleep quality, the average length of stay was 3 years, 24 respondents had poor sleep quality, the average length of stay was 2 years 5 months, 14 respondents had adequate sleep quality, and the average length of stay was 1 year 10 months. The results of this study can be used as basic data for further assessment of caregivers who are often not a priority in health service policies.

Causes of Birth of More Than One Thalassemia Major Patient in Families in South-east of Iran: Lessons for Prevention Programs

Background: Beta-thalassemia major (TM) is one of the most common genetic diseases in Iran. Despite some efforts to reduce the incidence of TM, its incidence is still relatively high in some areas of the country. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 635 families who had children with TM. The families that had more than one child with TM were enrolled. A demographic data questionnaire and a checklist containing queries about the reasons for the birth of the second or subsequent TM children were completed by each family. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Among the families that had more than one child with TM, 90, 23, and three families had two, three, and four children with the disease, respectively. Of the 261 patients studied, 125 (47.9%) and 136 (52.1%) had been born prior and after the implementation of the pre-marital screening program for beta-thalassemia in Iran, respectively. Also, in 29.4% of these families, parents were unaware of having thalassemia minor. In other cases, factors such as lack of knowledge about screening tests (14.0%), lack of financial compliance (13.2%), late referral for genetic tests (11.8%), and not undergoing screening tests despite recommendations (9.6%) were among the reasons declared by the families. In addition to these, religious and cultural reasons should also be mentioned as effective factors. Conclusions: This study showed that in only about 30% of the studied families, the parents were unaware of having thalassemia minor, and in other families, miscellaneous reasons were involved in the birth of the second or subsequent child with TM. In some cases, despite sufficient parental knowledge about the possibility of giving birth to a child with TM, no action was taken to prevent this event.

Follow-up Plan as a Necessity for Nursing Care: A Decrease of Stress in Mothers with their Children in Pediatric Surgical Units.

Introduction: Children are vulnerable to damage. Health problems in children, especially if necessitate hospitalization, can cause stress in their parents that may persist even long after discharge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing follow-up care plans on stress in mothers of children discharged from pediatric surgical units. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 mothers whose children were hospitalized in the surgical wards of two educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and experimental. The data collection tools included a demographic data questionnaire and stress response inventory (SRI). The interventions were performed using a four-stage follow-up care plan. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference (LSD) test. Results: The mean (SD) stress scores of the experimental group were 64.1 (28.8), 20.4 (12.4), and 11.6 (7.5) before, one week, and one month after the intervention, respectively. In the control group, these scores were 61.2 (29.2), 59.9 (25.5), and 46.7 (19.1), respectively. The results showed the mean score was significantly lower than that of the control group at one week and one month after the intervention in the experimental group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a follow-up care plan can decrease the stress levels of mothers as a continuity of patient care even after discharge.

Knowledge and Attitudes toward Dementia among Undergraduate Health Professional Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Phenomenon Dementia is a huge burden to the economic and health care system in China. As the next generation of health care providers, undergraduate health professional students play a pivotal role in caring for dementia patients during their clinical placements and in independent practice. Nevertheless, they may not be adequately prepared to care for patients with dementia by their undergraduate programs. Measuring the knowledge and attitudes of health professional students could be an important step in providing evidence regarding the need to enhance dementia care training in the curriculum. Approach: Responses from 325 Chinese health professional (nursing, medical, and public health) students were included in the analyses. After providing informed consent, students answered questionnaires including a demographic data questionnaire, the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS). Univariate analyses were performed to test the association between outcomes and potential explanatory variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictive factors for knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. Findings: Chinese health professional students had a mean ADKS score of 18.92 (SD = 3.20). Better knowledge was associated with advanced education, having family members with medical knowledge, having heard of dementia, and having interest in learning about dementia. Students had a mean DAS score of 89.10 (SD = 8.93), and their attitudes were significantly associated with majoring in public health and having heard of dementia. Students’ knowledge was positively, but weakly related with attitudes (r = 0.122, P = 0.028). Insights: Chinese undergraduate health professional students demonstrate insufficient knowledge and less positive attitudes toward dementia than their counterparts in developed countries. Enhanced dementia care-specific curriculum and training are urgently needed in China to meet the growing demand for dementia care services.

The Effects of E-Learning on Patient Safety Culture in Emergency Nurses

Background: Patient Safety (PS) is a priority for all healthcare organizations. Instilling best practices is necessary for PS improvement. This study assessed the effects of Electronic Learning (e-learning) on PS culture among emergency nurses and nursing managers. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in March-August 2020 using a two-group pre-test, post-test non-randomized design. The study subjects included 69 nurses who were selected from the emergency rooms and 20 nursing managers of two hospitals in Qazvin City, Iran. They were recruited to study through the census sampling method. They were non-randomly allocated to either e-learning or a comparison group. The comparison group received PS-related education through two 1.5-hour lectures on two consecutive days. The experimental group received PS training through a 15-part online course in two months. PS culture was assessed before and 3 months after initiating the intervention. The necessary data were collected through the self-report method using a demographic data questionnaire and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Independent-Samples t-test, Paired-Samples t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: The pre-test mean score of PS culture in the e-learning group was significantly less than that in the comparison group (P=0.002). The mean score of PS culture significantly increased in both research groups after the intervention (P&lt;0.05). Besides, the post-test mean score of PS culture in the e-learning group was significantly greater than that in the comparison group (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: E-Learning is more effective than conventional lecturing in improving PS culture among emergency nurses. This method is suggested to be used as an effective approach to PS culture improvement among emergency nurses.

Factors That Influence Women’s Symptoms of Postpartum Depression After Discharge of Their Preterm Infants From the NICU

ObjectiveTo examine resourcefulness, perception of child vulnerability, and stress in relation to symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) in women after discharge of their preterm infants from the NICU. DesignCross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study. SettingAn urban NICU follow-up clinic, a pediatric office in the northeastern United States, and an online NICU parent support group. ParticipantsSeventy-four women who gave birth to preterm infants who were discharged home from the NICU. MethodsThe participants completed a demographic data questionnaire, the Resourcefulness Scale, Child Vulnerability Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. I examined the relationships among these data using correlational analysis and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsPerception of child vulnerability and stress were predictors of symptoms of PPD; these variables accounted for 9% (p = .001) and 18% (p < .001) of the variation in symptoms of PPD, respectively. Although resourcefulness initially predicted PPD, it was no longer significant when controlling for demographic variables in the final regression analysis. ConclusionsThese results supported previously reported findings on the effects of women’s perceptions of their child’s vulnerability and stress on symptoms of PPD. However, the findings are not consistent with those of previous research regarding the inverse relationship between resourcefulness and symptoms of PPD. Nurses can implement interventions for women regarding perceptions of child vulnerability and stress to decrease symptoms of PPD after their preterm infant’s discharge from the NICU.

Croatian Registered Nurses - Perception of Barriers to Research Utilization: A Cross-sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Despite positive effects of research utilization on improving the quality of care, nurses meet numerous obstacles when trying to bridge the gap between the theory and utilization of research findings in nursing practice. AIM: The study was conducted to identify barriers to research utilization in daily nursing practice among registered nurses in University Hospital Center Osijek, Croatia. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in University Hospital Center Osijek, Croatia in 2014. The study included 415 registered nurses, randomly selected. The BARRIERS Scale and a demographic data questionnaire were used to collect data. RESULTS: The study identified organizational barriers as major obstacles to implementing research findings. The items rated highest were “there is insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas” (78.2%), “nurse does not feel she/he has enough authority to change patient care procedures” (77.5%), “relevant literature is not compiled in one place” (72.1%), “physicians will not cooperate with implementation” (70.5%), and “nurse does not have time to read research” (70.4%). The item “relevant literature is not compiled in one place” belongs to communication subscale, while the other items belong to organizational barriers subscale. CONCLUSION: Registered nurses employed in University Hospital Center Osijek, Croatia perceived organizational barriers as major obstacles to research utilization.

Nursing Support Perceived by the Mothers of Hospitalized Children in Bangladesh

Background: Having a child in hospital is a stressful experience for most parents, especially for mothers. In Bangladesh, the number of hospital admission of under-5 children is gradually increasing. Support from nurses can assist mothers to maintain their parenting role and promote quality nursing care. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the nursing support perceived by the mothers of hospitalized children in Bangladesh. Methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 mothers whose children were admitted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaires including (1) The Demographic Data Questionnaires and (2) Perception of Nursing Support Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The total mean of nursing support was 3.68 (SD=.25). The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between mothers’education and nursing support (F=2.73, p=.033). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between child age and nursing support (r=.22, p=.019). There were statistically significant differences between a child’s gender and nursing support of mothers (t=1.99, p=.048) which means mothers who had a male child had more nursing support. Conclusion: The findings of the present study provide information for the nurses ‘that help to increase nursing support among mothers of hospitalized children in Bangladesh. Nurses can promote the quality of care and should be aware of the importance of nursing support. Further study is crucial for identifying factors influencing on nursing support perceived by the mothers of hospitalized children. It is important that nurses continue to develop their knowledge about communication and establishing parent support system.

Prevalence of Depression in Pre-Organ Transplantation Patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Objective: To study the prevalence of depression in pre-organ transplantation patients at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were collected from the pre-organ transplantation patients of heart, liver, kidney, and lungs, at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The demographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Thai version (PHQ-9-T), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 in Thai version (GAD-7-T), the Thai Mental State Exam (TMSE), and the Thai Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-T) were used. The prevalence of depression and other psychiatric problems in pre-organ transplantation patients were assessed. The relationship was then analyzed using chi-square and Pearson’s correlation. Results: One hundred ten pre-organ transplant patients participated in the present study. The mean age was 50.32±12.2 years old, with 73.6% male participants. Types of organ failure composed of liver (50.9%), heart (31.8%), kidney (16.4%), and lungs (0.9%). The prevalence of depression was 23.6% with mean PHQ-9 score of 5.56. Anxiety, cognitive impairment, alcohol, nicotine or other illicit substance use disorder appeared to be less prevalent in the present study cohort. Conclusion: One in every five pre-organ transplantation patients were found to have depression. Suicide, anxiety, cognitive impairment, alcohol, and other illicit substance problems were also observed within the present study population but to a lesser extent. Therefore, the systematic pre-transplant psychiatric and psychosocial assessment are strongly recommended in Thai pre-organ transplantation patients. Keywords: Depression; Psychiatric prevalence; Pre-organ transplantation patients

The Effect of Local Tax Policy Implementation on Increase in Regional Tax Revenues through Employee Performance Padang Lawas Regency

Tax is a citizen's obligation which is a form of service to the state whose reciprocity is not directly felt by taxpayers who are dynamic and follows the development of the country's social and economic life. The role of tax is very important as one of the backbones of state revenue, namely the source of government funds to carry out development both the central and local governments. Employee performance in carrying out their duties also plays an important role in efforts to implement local tax policies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of implementing regional tax policies on increasing local tax revenue and to analyze the effect of implementing local tax policies through the performance of Padang Lawas Regency employees. The sample in this study was 50 employees of the Regional Revenue Agency of Padang Lawas Regency. The instrument used was a demographic data questionnaire, policy implementation, tax revenue, and employee performance. The method used in this research is a statistical quantitative approach research method with path analysis. The result showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of regional tax policies on increasing local tax revenue through the performance of Padang Lawas Regency employees of Padang Lawas Regency.

Prevalence of Group B Streptococcal Infection in Pregnant Women and Preterm Infants in Shahid Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, in 2019

Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) was identified as the leading cause of neonatal septic factor and a major factor in female genital infections. The studies on the prevalence of GBS and PROM or preterm labor are limited. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the prevalence of GBS in preterm infants and their mothers who gave birth in Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This investigation is a retrospective study conducted in Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, Iran in 2019-20. The studied population included preterm infants and their mothers. Patients filled out a questionnaire for demographic data, midwifery background, and history of diseases. After filling out the questionnaires about demographic data and midwifery status, the blood, vaginal and rectal culture was done for them. Results: The number of mothers in this study was 103. 112 babies were born. Of the total population, 78 (75.73%) were urban residents and 25 (24.27%) were rural residents. There were 88 cases (85.44%) of betamethasone use. Preeclampsia (29.13%), and breech position (22.33%) were the most common cause of termination of pregnancy. Urine and blood cultures of all mothers were negative. The majority of rectal cultures are E.coli (68.93%). Conclusion: In our study, urine culture and blood culture of all mothers were negative. In mothers, the majority of rectal cultures were E.coli and the highest results of vaginal cultures were MIX. Among infants, most cultures due to staph epidermis were positive in blood, eye and urine cultures. In other words, in our study of cultures in mothers and infants, there was no evidence of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.

The Relationship of Spirituality Level with Motivation to Heal Critical Patients at Tgk Chik Hospital in Tiro Sigli

Several studies have shown that low spirituality in critical patients results in reduced expectations, strength and motivation to face the critical conditions they face. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality level and motivation to recover in critical patients at Tgk Chik Hospital in Tiro Sigli. This type of research is descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 30 critical patients who were selected by accidental sampling. The variables in this study were spirituality as the independent variable and the dependent variable was the patient's motivation to recover. Data collection instruments in the study consisted of a demographic and characteristic data questionnaire, a Spirituality questionnaire and a patient recovery motivation questionnaire using the Acceptance Illness Scale (AIS). The relationship between spirituality and patient motivation to recover was analyzed using the Spearman Rank (Rho) test. The results showed that almost half (47.1%) of critical patients had moderate spirituality and low spirituality (29%); almost half (47.1%) experienced moderate and high motivation to recover (32.1%). There is a relationship between spirituality and motivation to heal patients (p = 0.002), where patients who have high spirituality have high motivation to recover.

“DORLAN” Health Education in solving the physical and sexual problems of the gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy

Gynecological cancer is one of the cancer types, which is deadly cancer among women. Chemotherapy is one of the medical treatment options to kill cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the effect of "DORLAN" Health Education on physical and sexual problems of gynecological cancer patients. Quasi-experimental pre-post-test with control group was used in this study. A sample of 94 women who were undergoing chemotherapy. Data collection was performed using demographic data questionnaires, a FACT-G questionnaire, a Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W) questionnaire, and a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the "DORLAN" Health Education Package significantly influenced the physical and sexual problems of gynecological cancer patients. "DORLAN" Health Education Package has a significant influence to solve the physical and sexual problems of women under chemotherapy treatment.

Psychological well-being increases the earthquake disaster preparedness of female nursing students at Universitas Indonesia in 2019

Earthquakes are natural disasters that cause many fatalities due to lack of preparedness. This study aims to discuss the relationship between psychological well-being and earthquake disaster preparedness on the faculty of nursing students at Universitas Indonesia (FoN UI). The study design used a descriptive correlational method with a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected using a demographic data questionnaire, Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire, and earthquake disaster preparedness questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between psychological well-being and earthquake disaster preparedness (p=0.015), with an odds ratio (OR) 4.517. This research is expected to form a basis for developing female mental health promotion programs to maintain and improve psychological well-being and earthquake disaster preparedness.

Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dengan Strategi Koping Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan di Lapas Kelas II B Brebes

Objective: The number of prisoners in the world is increasing every year and Indonesia ranks fifth in the world. Correctional institutions in Indonesia are largely overloaded from capacity. This is a stressor for the prisoners. The educational levels of prisoners very widely, allowing the use of different coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the level of education and the Coping Strategy of prisoners.Methods: The research design used was descriptive correlative study. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling to prisoners in Class II B Brebes Correctional institutions. Two instruments were used, namely the demographic data questionnaire and the Brief COPE questionnaire. Analysis of the frequency distribution for the univariate test and the pearson correlation test for bivariate analysis in order to describe the description of the relationship between education level and the coping strategy of prisoners.Results: The results showed that the level of education with the dimensions of problem focused coping has a correlation coefficient of 0.226 with a p value = 0.034. The education level variable with emotional focused coping has a correlation coefficient of 0.648 with a p value = 0.000, which means that there is a significant correlation between the prisoners education level variable with the dimensions of problem focused coping and emotional focused coping.Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is a significant correlation between the level of education and the coping strategy of prisoners.

Evaluasi Penerapan Early Warning Score di Ruang Rawat Inap Dewasa

Early Warning Score (EWS) is one of the instruments used to assess the patient's physiological deterioration and is one of the assessments in hospital accreditation. The application of the EWS can predict patient outcomes in the form of mortality, length of stay, and re-hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of EWS in the inpatient room. This study was a prospective observational cohort study of patients in adult wards (≥16 years) over a while (1 month). The number of samples was 256 patients. The instruments used in this study were a demographic data questionnaire and an EWS observation sheet. Descriptive statistics were used for patient characteristics, and EWS monitoring documents. The results showed that 100% of the EWS sheet documentation was incomplete, if this examination sheet was not carried out correctly it would affect the subsequent patient handling and patient outcomes both related to illness and death. Monitoring and evaluation related to the implementation of the EWS are very much needed in the future for the improvement of hospital services as a whole. Keywords: Early Warning Score, Evaluation

Cultural Misconceptions and Public Stigma about Mental Illness

Background: This study aims to identify the demographic and cultural correlates of mental illness stigmatowards patients and their family members from the perspectives of university students.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 398 students from four universitiesparticipated in the study. They completed the demographic data questionnaire, the scale of culturalmisconceptions about mental illness and the Discrimination–Devaluation Scale.Results: Results of independent t-test and one-way ANOVA indicated no significant difference in the levelsof mental health stigma towards patients and their families based on students’ gender, faculty and placeof residency. Previous history of family mental illness was associated with stigma towards patients andtheir families. Old age was associated with few mental stigmas towards patients’ families. Various culturalmisconceptions about the causes and the treatment of mental illness were significantly associated withmental illness stigma.Conclusion: Addressing cultural misconceptions is crucial in reducing mental illness stigma.