Demographic Characteristics Of Individuals Research Articles

Impacts of Demographic Variables on the Preference of Sport Activities Carried Out by Undergraduate Students: an Implication From Turkey

Sport activities play an important role as part of the leisure activities of tourism and recreation. Many scientific studies show that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the preference of sport activities that individuals engage in. The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of demographic variables on the preference of sport activities carried out by undergraduate students at C¸anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, the School of Tourism and Hotel Management in Turkey, during their leisure activities. The results from this research show that demographic characteristics of individuals has some degree of impact on the preference of sport activities.

Identifying Domestic Violence Within Inpatient Hospital Admissions Using Medical Records

ABSTRACT This paper examines incidences of domestic violence among hospitalized patients identified as being victims of domestic violence. Specifically, we focus on defining the type and cost of domestic violence and identifying demographic characteristics of individuals at risk for domestic violence. Data for this paper were abstracted from the 1994 HCUP-3 data set. Findings from these data suggest that identifying incidences of domestic violence is very complex and difficult. The primary diagnosis of those who are victims of domestic violence range from broken bones and bruises to chronic and acute illness to mental illness. Finally, non-white populations are approximately two times more likely to be identified as victims of physical violence than whites and as age increases the likelihood of being identified as a victim of physical violence decreases.

Identification of a W variant outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via population-based molecular epidemiology.

Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could provide a more sensitive means of identifying outbreaks than use of conventional surveillance techniques alone. Variants of the New York City W strain of M tuberculosis were identified in New Jersey. To describe the spread of the W family of M tuberculosis strains in New Jersey identified by molecular typing and surveillance data. Population-based cross-sectional study. All incident culture-positive tuberculosis cases reported in New Jersey from January 1996 to September 1998, for which the W family was defined by insertion sequence (IS) IS6110 DNA fingerprinting, polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) typing, spacer oligotyping (spoligotyping), and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis. Identification and characterization of W family clones supplemented by surveillance data. Isolates from 1207 cases were analyzed, of which 68 isolates (6%) belonged to the W family based on IS6110 and spoligotype hybridization patterns. The IS6110 hybridization patterns or fingerprints revealed that43 patients (designated group A) shared a unique banding motif not present in other W family isolates. Strains collected from the remaining 25 patients (designated group B), while related to W, displayed a variety of IS6110 patterns and did not share this motif. The PGRS and VNTR typing confirmed the division of the W family into groups A and B and again showed group A strains to be closely related and group B strains to be more diverse. The demographic characteristics of individuals from groups A and B were specific and defined. Group A patients were more likely than group B patients to be US born (91 % vs 24%, P<.001), black (76% vs 16%, P<.001), human immunodeficiency virus positive (40% vs 0%, P = .007), and residents of urban northeast New Jersey counties (P<.001). Patients with group B strains were primarily non-US born, of Asian descent, and more dispersed throughout New Jersey. No outbreak had been detected using conventional surveillance alone. The implementation of multiple molecular techniques in conjunction with surveillance data enabled us to identify a previously undetected outbreak in a defined geographical setting. The outbreak isolates comprise members of a distinct branch of the W family phylogenetic lineage. The use of molecular strain typing provides a proactive approach that may be used to initiate, and not just augment, traditional surveillance outbreak investigations.

Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences

We advance here a neighborhood-level perspective on racial differences in legal cynicism, dissatisfaction with police, and the tolerance of various forms of deviance. Our basic premise is that structural characteristics of neighborhoods explain variations in normative orientations about law, criminal justice, and deviance that are often confounded with the demographic characteristics of individuals. Using a multilevel approach that permits the decomposition of variance within and between neighborhoods, we tested hypotheses on a recently completed study of 8,782 residents of 343 neighborhoods in Chicago. Contrary to received wisdom, we find that African Americans and Latinos are less tolerant of deviance—including violence—than whites. At the same time, neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage display elevated levels of legal cynicism, dissatisfaction with police, and tolerance of deviance unaccounted for by sociodemographic composition and crime-rate differences. Concentrated disadvantage also helps explain why African Americans are more cynical about law and dissatisfied with the police. Neighborhood context is thus important for resolving the seeming paradox that estrangement from legal norms and agencies of criminal justice, especially by blacks, is compatible with the personal condemnation of deviance.

Determinants of Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Market Visits by Type of Facility: A Logit Analysis

This study identifies several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals who visited farmer-to-consumer direct markets in New Jersey. The analysis was performed for each type of direct marketing facility: pick-your-own farms, roadside stands, farmers’ markets, and direct farm markets. Logit analysis results indicate that various factors affect visitation to each type of facility. Factors examined include consumer's consumption and variety of fruits and vegetables, price expectation, purpose of buying, age, sex, education, race, income, urbanization, and presence of home garden.

Utilization of an academic nursing center.

Academic nursing centers, or nurse-managed clinics, are relatively new health care delivery systems. Little information exists as to the demographic characteristics of individuals who use academic nursing centers for health care. Moreover, little is found in the literature about the types of conditions diagnosed and the procedures and tests performed at academic nursing centers. Based on one academic nursing center, this project showed that 3,263 persons received care during an 8-month period. The types of conditions diagnosed and the demographic characteristics of individuals cared for are described. The procedures and diagnostic tests performed are identified. These data have important implications for marketing, predicting resources, and meeting the educational component of the academic nursing center.

Determinants of food away from home consumption: An update

This study identifies several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals who have consumed food away from home using the recent 1987–1988 National Food Consumption Survey (the individual intake portion). The analysis was performed using logit analysis. The significant characteristics are race, ethnicity, employment status, food stamp participation, seasonality, household size, age, income, and time of week of consumption. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The age context of performance-evaluation decisions.

Organizational demography contends that demographic characteristics of individuals, examined at individual, dyadic, group, and organizational levels of analysis, exert significant effects on organizational processes. The purpose of this article was to test the contextual effects created by the interaction of work-group age composition and supervisor age on supervisor evaluations of subordinate performance. Two competing models of age demography were tested. The similarity model predicts that supervisors similar in age to the work group they supervise will issue generally higher performance ratings. The dissimilarity model, developed in this article, predicts the opposite. Support was indicated for the dissimilarity model. Implications of the results are discussed.

Some Correlates of Feminism

To look at attitudinal and demographic characteristics of individuals who support or oppose the aims of the women's movement, a feminism scale, several measures of autonomy, and a questionnaire concerning family background were given to 154 Ss from selected groups at the University of Cincinnati. Supporters of feminism achieved significantly lower Social Distance scores, higher Independence of Judgment scores, and higher Modernism scores than opposers ( p &lt; .001). Also, male supporters of feminism were more likely to have mothers who completed some college, and female supporters of feminism were more likely to have parents who were either Jewish, atheist, or agnostic. All supporters of feminism were more likely to be atheist, agnostic, Jewish, or Unitarian, while opposers of feminism were more likely to be Protestant or Roman Catholic. Personality correlates are discussed.

Urban Racial Violence in the United States Changing Ecological Considerations

During the period of classic race-rioting in the United States, the character of violence reflected the social and demographic characteristics of individuals who inhabited specific locales in the city. In overt radical conflict in the post-World War II period, a new pattern has developed: participants with varying social and demographic attributes have been drawn to specific focal points where they give expression to a new militancy. This changed pattern reflects three more basic changes: in the mode and pattern of the assault upon the accomodative structure, in the orientation and activity of organized police forces, and in the nature of the accommodative structure itself.