Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze examining the relationship between human rights laws and government accountability. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicates that the effectiveness of human rights laws in promoting government accountability relies on strong enforcement, institutional reforms, and civic participation. To enhance accountability, recommendations include bolstering judicial independence, improving transparency in government operations, and empowering civil society to hold officials accountable for rights violations. These measures are crucial for cultivating a culture of human rights respect and fostering democratic governance in Nigeria. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, principal-agent theory & critical legal theory may be used to anchor future studies on examining the relationship between human rights laws and government accountability. Conduct in-depth case studies and comparative analyses across different legal systems, political contexts, and socio-cultural settings to identify best practices and contextual factors influencing the implementation and effectiveness of human rights laws. Promote international cooperation and peer-learning initiatives among countries to share experiences, lessons learned, and best practices in implementing human rights laws and fostering government accountability.