Democratic Approach Research Articles

Judges without Robes: A Republican Approach to Participatory Judicial Review

Este artículo presenta un enfoque republicano del control judicial de constitucionalidad de las leyes que se basa en una interpretación deliberativa y participativa de este arreglo institucional. El documento se divide en cinco secciones, más una introducción. La Sección I presenta algunas consideraciones y aclaraciones sobre el concepto de control judicial y el tipo de teoría política republicana que subyace a los principales argumentos del trabajo. La Sección II reconstruye la crítica republicana al control judicial. La Sección III muestra que suscribir una perspectiva republicana no necesariamente lleva a respaldar esta crítica y presenta una defensa del control judicial que se apoya en una concepción republicana de la democracia deliberativa que enfatiza el potencial de esta institución como un mecanismo que sirve para promover la participación política en igualdad de condiciones y que, por tanto, dota al control judicial de una legitimidad democrática participativa. La Sección IV argumenta que la legitimidad democrática participativa del control judicial debe ser vista como un fenómeno gradual cuya fuerza o debilidad relativa depende de las variaciones de las características específicas del contexto institucional donde opera el poder judicial. La Sección V presenta algunas conclusiones.

Multivocal Didaktik Modelling in Early Childhood Education-For a Sustainable Future in a World of Change.

In times of democratic decline, unanimous choices and approaches and the idea of a singular best practice may be less conducive to democracy and sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to suggest a multivocal approach to education and teaching by studying the question of what may characterise teaching in preschool for a sustainable future. The knowledge contribution and originality of the article is evident in the introduction, method, and results. In abductive analyses, models can summarize what we need to know and teach in pursuit of the creation of open life chances for every child. The results show that didaktik models are open and can provide support for teachers and leaders to consider and base informed decisions on, as well as to motivate their didaktik choices based on scientific foundations and proven experiences. Multivocal didaktik mo-delling intends to open up teaching-cultivating collaboration in preschool for a sustainable future in a world of change. In conclusion, we recommend cultivating an orientation (1) between knowledges, values and didaktik/education/special education in the pursuit of the creation of conditions for good education for all children; (2) between teaching realities and scientific foundations, which are founded in a critical-reflective didaktik, with a choice of direction in relation to an uncertain future; and (3) between continuity, progression and teaching adventures-which can include consolidating, deepening, broadening, raising, and cultivating knowledge and values for multivocality, democracy and sustainability in teaching realities. In the future the concept of multivocal didaktik modelling can be studied in relation to complex teaching realities as in a teaching universe or a teaching multiverse.

In what ways can Rapid Response Collecting be utilised by museums as a curatorial approach in advocating increased democratic and egalitarian approaches towards art within society?

ABSTRACT Rapid Response Collecting (RRC) is a recent approach in museum collecting, where museums acquire objects considered reflective, illustrative, or exemplary of recent trends, current topics or social concerns. Objects gathered through Rapid Response Collecting reflect existing societal narratives, tending to be ‘commonplace’ items indicative of the narrative of the ‘now’, and symbolise a change away from artefacts typically collected, thus reflecting a larger, ongoing shift in how important societal issues or narratives are acknowledged and addressed through a growing discourse around Rapid Response Collecting.

Industrial Design Studios of Warsaw: Pushing Forward For Socially and Ecologically Responsible Design

The aim of this research was to understand the approaches of Polish design studios to project management as well as socially and ecologically responsible design. These issues were investigated through a perspective of Polish design history and today’s socioeconomic realities. A qualitative approach was used in this study with interviews as the main research method. Recorded interviews were deciphered and coded according to common themes within the answers. Five prominent industrial design studios based in Warsaw were interviewed and their design projects were analyzed in detail. Common threads among these projects appear to be a natural evolution of the democratic design approach that started in the ‘60s in Poland and other Baltic countries. The design philosophy, project management, and resulting products suggest that Polish design studios struggle to keep active, competitive, and innovative through ecologically and socially responsible design in spite of the conventional market demand emphasizing styling and form in industrial products. Challenges such as financial limitations, low prices paid for design projects, and having to deal with a broad range of design activities are overcome by using different strategies such as research about local culture and resources, user studies, experimentation with new concepts and materials, professional networking, cooperation with academia, and using national or international funds.

Universal Values of Pancasila in Managing the Crime of Terrorism

Using a Socio-Legal Studies approach, this article analyses the primacy of the universal values of Pancasila, a decolonizing ideology, in tackling crimes of terrorism in Indonesia. In Indonesia's last two decades, radical movements have become more widespread, and the public easily follows their developments. Intolerance is the seed for radicalism, and terrorism is the forerunner of the emergence of acts of terrorism. In tackling crimes of terrorism, it is important to apply Pancasila as a way of life; ideals and nationalism have an important role in every aspect of the life of the nation and state. The policies for inculcating Pancasila values must be carried out in a synergistic and coordinated manner by involving various existing sectors, and the material content of programs of deradicalization must be comprehensive, integral and sustainable by taking into account the condition of the target participants, educational background, experience and age with a dialogical, democratic, and participatory approach.

Science for sale? Why academic marketization is a problem and what sustainability research can do about it

Scholars have long called out the flaws in academic publishing. However, a nuanced and constructive discussion of this issue is still lacking. We advocate that these flaws are symptoms of broader and intensifying marketization of academic research. To address this, we first discuss the two dimensions of marketization: the commodification of academic output and the ‘managerialization’ of academic governance. We then argue that sustainability research is especially vulnerable to marketization trends because of its broader set of values that cannot merely be reflected in academic output. We illustrate these values by discussing the nature of the challenges faced by sustainability researchers, their relationships with non-academic stakeholders, and the intrinsic normativity of their research. We explore potential ways forward to reform existing academic organizational structures and research funding system, embrace more inclusive and democratic research approaches, and support the development of nonprofit open-access journals.

DEMOCRATIC APPROACH IN ASSESSMENT: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN EXAMINATION REFORM

The assessment system is one of the most important as well as debatable components of our education system. In higher education of India, teaching-learning process is guided by the assessment rather than assessment for teaching-learning. The age old assessment system is also criticized for its rigid and non-democratic nature. This is appropriate for defining our traditional examination system. But the 21st century is very significant in context of examination reforms at all the levels of education. The revolutionary changes in assessment of students introduced many innovative practices. This article analyses the trend of recent examination reforms and conceptualized it as a paradigm shift in assessment ˗ ‘a democratic approach in assessment of students’ progress’. It is democratic in approach, because it ensures the spirit of democracy in assessment based on core democratic values. According National Education Policy-2020, Higher education Institutes (HEIs) shall also move away from high-stakes examinations towards more continuous and comprehensive evaluation. The article redefines the term ‘assessment’ under the democratic approach and explores the democratic values of assessment. This article provides argument in support of democratic approach in assessment for academic excellence.

Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Organisasi Siswa Madrasah untuk Menumbuhkan Jiwa Kepemimpinan di MAS YPI Batang Kuis

This study aims to examine the implementation of Student Leadership Basic Training at MAS YPI Batang Kuis, focusing on the effectiveness of the methods used to instill leadership attitudes in students. Changes in approach and the implementation of democratic leadership styles are crucial aspects under evaluation. The research method employed is a descriptive case study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis related to the implementation of LDKS in the school. Data collection occurred during the LDKS implementation period and some time thereafter. The results of the study indicate that the one-month implementation of LDKS at MAS YPI Batang Kuis successfully instilled leadership attitudes in students with a democratic approach. Periodic evaluations, the establishment of the Intra-Madrasa Student Organization (OSIM), and changes in content and approach were determining factors for success. Positive attitudes, discipline, responsibility, and communication skills appear internalized in the day-to-day activities of the OSIM officials. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that schools conducting LDKS consider the application of democratic leadership styles in teaching and evaluation. Involving students in decision-making processes, improving communication, and assigning responsibilities can be effective steps in shaping sustainable leadership attitudes.

Habituation of Disciplinary Character Traits in Early Childhood: A Case Study from RA Arif Rahman Hakim Yogyakarta

This research constitutes a descriptive qualitative study aimed at delving deeper into the habituation of discipline traits in children and the efforts undertaken by teachers to shape these discipline character habits within the B1 group of Arif Rahman Hakim Kindergarten, Yogyakarta. Research data was collected through various methods, including participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation from supervising teachers, the school principal, as well as 15 students. Findings indicate the necessity of nurturing early childhood growth, emphasizing the pivotal role of habitualizing discipline at RA Arif Rahman Hakim. Key indicators of children's discipline encompassed time management, rule adherence, behavior, and religious practices. Educators effectively used modelling and habituation methods, with collaboration among teachers, parents, and the school environment being instrumental in promoting positive behaviors. The study underscores the significance of schools and teachers in shaping disciplinary character traits, relying on a blend of firm guidance, democratic discipline approaches, and steadfast value system reinforcement. These insights present a roadmap for other institutions and educators aiming to enhance character education quality. Further studies are suggested to delve deeper into the intricate processes and factors influencing the development of children's disciplinary traits.

The dollar value for a loss of life: the politics of monetization of the terror disaster in Sara Colangelo’s Worth (2020)

The article argues that Sara Colangelo’s Worth (2020) problematizes the monetization of the terror disaster. It explores the hegemonic politics involved in terming some lives more (un)grievable in monetary terms. The film highlights that the loss of lives and bodily injuries in a terror disaster cannot be converted into tangible monetary value. Instead, it emphasizes that all lives are equally grievable irrespective of their economic loss value. There needs to be democratic mourning that grieves the loss of all lives equally. The article draws on the works of trauma and memory studies theorists to analyze the primary data. The paper explores the social and economic aspects of trauma and the psychological perspective. It argues that mourning requires a democratic approach, particularly one that acknowledges and laments the loss of every life with equal weight. Worth exposes the inequitable treatment of victims and questions the underlying power dynamics in society by questioning the monetization of terrorist events. In the end, this paper promotes a more open-minded and sympathetic attitude to collective and individual trauma and raises an understanding of the intricate and multifaceted nature of mourning.

UKRAINIAN CBDC E-HRYVNYA: CHALLENGES OF INTRODUCTION AND OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

Topicality. This paper explores the implementation of a CBDC and its potential benefits and challenges. With the rapid growth of cryptocurrencies and their increasing usage by consumers, central banks face the need to address the evolving landscape of digital transactions. The research explores the connection between the CBDC and business processes in the Ukrainian economy.Aim and tasks. Main purpose of this paper is to investigate the issues related to the potential impact of introducing the e-hryvnia on business processes occurring in the Ukrainian commercial banks as well as suggest some indicators that could be used to evaluate the efficiency of e-hryvnya implementation.Materials and Methods. The paper uses comparative analysis of potential approaches for implementing a CBDC. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the authoritarian and democratic approaches, analyzing their implications for monetary control and user adoption. The paper proposes several indicators and metrics to assess the success and efficiency of CBDC implementation.Research results. There are two main ways to implement a CBDC to achieve widespread adoption. Authoritarian, which means strengthening the administrative levers of the state and weakening monetary control, and democratic, which will allow strengthening the possibilities of monetary policy. It is the democratic one that is more suitable for Ukraine. The effectiveness of the introduction of the CBDC can be assessed by the indicators of the distribution of the e-hryvnia and the increase in the efficiency of business processes in commercial banks.Conclusion. This research advocates for a democratic approach to CBDC implementation, emphasizing the need for attractiveness, user anonymity, and enhanced monetary policy possibilities. The proposed indicators and analysis framework provide a means to assess the success of CBDC adoption. Collaboration between central banks and commercial banks is also emphasized to ensure seamless integration and maximize the potential benefits of CBDC.

African Union, Promotion of Democracy and Anti-Corruption Initiatives in Africa

The African Union (AU) has been pursuing one of its primary objectives of promoting democratic principles and institutions by ensuring good governance through the curbing of corruption. It is uncertain whether the democratic approach has rubbed off on its anti-corruption initiatives, given the recent performance of most AU member states on many global surveys of corruption, development and governance evaluation indexes. The paper, therefore, examined the extent to which the AU’s stance on democratic promotion has impacted on its anti-corruption initiatives in Africa. The study is qualitative and relied on data sourced from secondary sources, while content analysis was adopted for data analysis. The findings acknowledge AU's committed advancement of democracy in Africa through its different anti-corruption frameworks. But in spite of the slight improvements of some African counties on different corruption perception indexes, corruption persists in the governance of many AU member states. The study further shows inter alia that the AU’s anti-corruption initiatives have not effectively reflected the adopted measures due to uncommon democratic ideals, legitimisation of autocratic regimes, and the fact that many African states fail to uphold their obligations under the AU's anti-corruption convention. The study contends that AU’s anti-corruption bodies should ensure and encourage member states to internalise and uphold existing governance norms and accountability measures, while implementation mechanisms should be strengthened.

Research on Influences of the Demographic Organizational Culture on Innovation in Businesses Enterprises

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a significant shift in work culture, with remote and flexible hours becoming increasingly popular. This change has highlighted the importance of work-life balance and resulted in a shift towards democracy in the workplace. In this environment, employees are encouraged to express their opinions and ideas, and managers actively listen to and consider them in their decision-making process. This approach leads to increased innovation as diverse perspectives and ideas are considered. Integrating demographic business models into organizational culture can further promote this democratic approach, as it encourages managers to take into account the unique needs and values of different demographic groups. This leads to a more inclusive work environment, which increases productivity and employee satisfaction. But democratic strategies have potential drawbacks. It may not be necessary for certain types of business, and conflicts may arise as different opinions are expressed. Therefore, businesses must conduct thorough research to determine which democratic strategies are most effective in their particular circumstances. Overall, integrating democratic strategies into organizational culture can be a valuable tool for innovation and productivity. However, balancing this with efficient decision-making and smooth operations is essential.

How are Principal Preparation Programs Preparing Leaders for Family and Community Engagement?

This qualitative content analysis of course descriptions and syllabi examines how family and community engagement are addressed in principal preparation programs. Relying on a conceptual framework that centers four areas of practice, the analysis determined only half of programs had a substantial focus on families and communities. Many programs that did address FCE relied on outdated literature and standards or lacked authentic skill-development experiences to prepare school leaders for collaboration with family and community members. The results suggest many aspiring principals are leaving educational leadership programs ill-equipped to lead more democratic approaches to schooling and unaware that such models exist.

The Disorientation of the Political Capacity of Indonesian Pro-Democracy Activists

This study examines the political performance of pro-democracy activists in Indonesia after the end of the New Order. Using a democratic transformative politics approach, this study confronts aspects of the political capacity of pro-democracy activists with the need for popular control to work effectively. It finds that activists have been disoriented towards the development of political capacity and popular control. This study contributes to the study of Indonesian democracy by placing the issue of political capacity for building popular control as an integral part of the problem of democracy. The problems of democratisation are not only caused by the domination of political elites who have established oligarchies, but also by pro-democracy activists themselves ignoring the importance of developing collective political capacity as a means of advancing popular control. This study urges pro-democracy activists to re-orient their political capacity building and work with an agenda of consolidating the demos for civic democracy. Pro-democracy activists need to develop a systematic strategy of politicisation to strengthen citizens’ collective power through civic associations as a substitute forconstituents and voters.

A Republican Approach to Jerkish Speech on Online Platforms

Jerkish speech on online platforms is at risk of being overlooked as a result of being comparatively insignificant next to the existence of explicit hate speech or other online harms. In this paper I approach online jerkish speech from a republican perspective. I discuss two ways in which republicans can account for jerkish speech. First, jerkish speech could amount to micro-domination, referring to instances of domination that are relatively inconsequential by themselves but problematic when considered in aggregate. Second, jerkish speech can be considered an instantiation of systemic domination, where groups and members are structurally subordinated. I briefly discuss the role of regulatory bans on jerkish speech, before suggesting that Suzanne Whitten’s proposal for critical civility—as an appropriate answer to jerkish speech in online environments—might be too demanding. This might be alleviated by leveraging the role of online platforms.

Fathers' presence and adolescents' interpersonal relationship quality: Moderated mediation model.

Most previous studies focused on the effects of fathers' presence on adolescent development, but rarely examined the mechanisms underlying the presence of fathers on adolescent development. Moreover, previous studies ignored the impact of fathers' way of being present on adolescent interpersonal relationships. Based on social identity theory, the present study introduced adolescents' social responsibility as a mediating variable to explore the influence of father's presence style on adolescents' interpersonal. This study examined the mechanism of fathers' way of being present on father's presence, adolescents' social responsibility, and their quality of interpersonal relationships; if fathers adopt a democratic approach to be present, the study examines whether teenagers are more likely to enhance their sense of social responsibility and achieve harmonious interpersonal relationships. Participants were 1,942 senior high school and college students who responded to the Fatherhood Questionnaire, Social Responsibility Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Relationship Quality Diagnosis Scale. This study used PROCESS macro of SPSS 24.0 and Amos 26.0 to examine the hypotheses. Empirical results demonstrated that (a) fathers' presence is directly and positively related to adolescents' social responsibility, (b) fathers' presence is indirectly and positively related to the quality of adolescents' interpersonal relationships through social responsibility, and (c) parenting styles played a moderating role in the first half of the fathers' presence on social responsibility and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Results demonstrated that more harmonious interpersonal relationships were present among teenagers when fathers adopted a democratic upbringing, and this interaction effect on interpersonal relationships was mediated by teenagers' sense of social responsibility. The findings of this study enrich the literature by exploring the significance of emphasizing fathers' democratic presence on teenagers' sense of social responsibility and interpersonal relationships. The practical implications of this study are that society should encourage more fathers to be present and guide them to adopt a democratic parenting style that will benefit adolescents' development and family well-being.

Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Matematika Masyarakat dalam Pengolahan Lahan Pertanian

Exploration of Mathematical Knowledge can be developed as task material in democratic learning. The principle of democratic learning emphasizes the importance of conformity of material and student activities with the experiences and needs of children. This research develops the community's mathematical knowledge to be integrated with materials and activities outside of regular class learning. This study aims to identify mathematical concepts related to agricultural land management and formulate conceptual and procedural application aspects using a context-concept approach. This research quantitatively describes the process indicators and student achievements in learning. The research results include a description of some of the research results showing a significant positive relationship between the mastery of a good relationship between the concept/task material and the concept. The democratic learning concept context approach can increase students' creativity and activeness as well as increase students' understanding of the relationship between mathematical concepts and the context in the surrounding environment.

Features of the mechanism for implementation of external state functions: unification of standards of the EU, Ukraine and Hungary

The return of Ukraine to the trajectory of stable development and the solution of rather complex issues of the political spectrum of direction, economic, social issues of the implementation of the external functions of the state, especially in the chronology of today and the difficult interstate relations with Hungary, and not only, requires significant efforts. Currently, the model of legal relations does not demonstrate a wide spectrum of democratic approaches of interests, but we are observing the phantom degraded approaches of the Soviet past on the part of the leadership of the Hungarian government, which openly supports Russian aggression. Examining the characteristic features of Hungary and Ukraine, we can recall the totalitarian socialist past behind their shoulders, which left its negative imprint on the mechanisms and constructions of the implementation of external functions, because as a result of which Hungary, as we can see, began its activities as a full-fledged, independent state. Ukraine, on the other hand, with its uncertainty in 30 years, due to its practically undefined firm position neither with the West nor with the East, demonstrated the illusion of independent state formation, which as a result we have a full-scale destruction of the created illusion of the concept of peace and security, the inviolability of state borders at the cost of terrible bloodshed. In the issue of leveling of contradictions, orientation towards sustainable development and security vectors, under the condition of effective and fair use of a wide range of resources, should be available to democratic countries. One of these possible ways is integration, which is aimed at expanded forms of cooperation in the economy and the military-political sphere. Over the centuries, humanity came to realize the need for peaceful coexistence and cooperation, deepening cooperation between states, peoples, and regions. In our opinion, the European Union is a certain prototype of a state with states. Yes, the EU has its own system of governing bodies, so the EU has its own legislative system, so the EU has its own judicial system. The complexity of such management lies in the number of member states, because any of the participating states should not be discriminated against when making a decision. The system of activity of the Union is extremely complex and institutional. This scientific article attempts to investigate the issue of the complexity of its functioning.

Challenges of the leftist current in Brazil during the era of President (DaSilva)

There have been sharp fluctuations in the political regimes that Latin America has experienced in recent years. And the developments in several Latin American countries over the past years have revealed the dominance of leftist parties on the political scene. This dominance began to recede after the right-wing parties advanced in large countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile and Paraguay. These developments came as a result of the decline of the democratic approach of the left-wing parties, or as a result of the prosecutions of corruption scandals, as happened in Brazil during the era of President (De Silva) 2003-2011, who failed to face the prosecutions, which affected the bright image of the Latin left.
 De Silva was not the first leftist to win the rule of their country in South American countries. He was preceded - during the last two years - by the presidents of Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Mexico, Honduras, and Colombia, whose rule (Gustavo Petro) won as its first left-wing president. This was not the only round won by the symbols of the left by ruling the countries of the southern continent, but they also won in a previous round in the first decade of this century, such as Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Nestor Kirchner in Argentina, Michelle Bachelet in Chile, Jose Mojica in Uruguay, and Evo Morales. in Bolivia, and Rafael Correa in Ecuador.