The history of France from the defeat of the French armies in the summer of 1940 until May, 1953, can be written in terms of the activities of Charles de Gaulle. No one can complain that the record lacks drama. The declaration of June 18, 1940, was an appeal to surviving elements of French patriotism that will forever stand as a monument of French national honor. The postwar semi-dictatorship contributed to the re-building of a shattered nation that might conceivably have succumbed to Communism had it not been for the stern presence of the general. The resignation of January, 1946, carried the impact of the abrupt and unexplained. The creation of the Rassemblement du Peuple Franfais (RPF) rocked the foundations of French politics and provoked reactions ranging from excessive vilification to insincere flattery. The passing of the RPF deviates from the same dramatic tradition only in that it could be foreseen. De Gaulle's announcement in May, 1953, that he would no longer permit any member of Parliament to act in the name of the RPF1 culminated an internal party crisis that had been growing increasingly severe since March, 1952, and it consecrated the general's defeat. But the crisis in the RPF was no ordinary party quarrel: it was a struggle between a revolutionary doctrine, expounded by De Gaulle, and the forces of traditional French parliamentarism. And if the latter triumphed over the general (who believes that representative democracy in France has failed)2 because they rested on popular sentiments which de Gaulle had been able momentarily to shake but which he could not destroy, their victory did not come until the very moment when De Gaulle himself had good reason to believe that his own victory was in sight. The phase of De Gaulle's activities which saw him in the r6le of leader of a political party has now ended. De Gaulle retains the name of his movement for whatever use he may choose for it, but the severance of the party and its leaders from the members of Par-