Demands Of Social Change Research Articles

Polaryzacja: polemika z artykułem „Fanatyzm jako problem wychowawczy”

The criticism of the article “Fanaticism as an Educational Problem” focuses on the selective treatment of fanaticism symptoms, ignoring the role of political polarization and age in analysing this phenomenon. Gałkowski and Gałkowski’s article (2023) presents a valuable proposal for a minimal educational program, but it requires considering a broader social, cultural, and individual context in diagnosing fanaticism and applying effective tools to counteract this phenomenon. The starting point of the debate is the observation that fanaticism remains a negatively perceived label that excludes individuals or social groups, hence the need for clarification on how cultural diversity and intercultural communication can contribute to it. Fanaticism is associated with an existential crisis, but there are also specific developmental phenomena in children that can be mistaken for fanaticism. Literary works can help in understanding this phenomenon. The proposed examples indicate that fanaticism is primarily a group phenomenon characterized by action rather than solely an attitude to the truth. In preventing and dismantling fanaticism, it is important to consider emotions related to uncertainty and develop skills to cope with it. Finding effective alternatives to psychoactive substances in emotional regulation and violence prevention poses a challenge. Fanaticism can be present in the inertia of customs and can be recognized by sensitive young people in society’s reactions to demands for social change. The situation of individuals expelled at the Polish-Belarusian border highlights the difference between uncompromising commitment and fanaticism. Human rights should be respected without exceptions, and the willingness to accept external judgment distinguishes activists from fanatics. Building relationships free from fanaticism in communities, especially in the case of refugees, requires considering the atmosphere and pedagogy of the place, which play a crucial role in combating fanaticism.

Radicalism, identity construction and emotionality in social movements: #BogaziciDireniyor and the challenge to authoritarianism

ABSTRACT Drawing upon recent insights in the social movements literature that have been looking at different facets of radicalisation, this paper explores processes of identity formation and ‘emotion transformation’ happening at the collective level and expressed through forms of non-conventional political participation. The key case study that is taken as an example is that of the recent pacific protests that took place at Boğaziçi University. Similar to recent studies that shed light on the study of radicalism in peaceful protests, we look at the main frames through which demands for social change by young activists participating in the protests are constructed and at the emotional frames that express grievances. In doing so, we focus on the representation of the movement on Twitter. These have the aim of challenging hegemonic discourses promoted by the status quo through forms of ‘radicalism through protest’ rather than ‘radicalism through violence’. In exploring this area, we conduct a qualitative analysis of social media content looking at the use and reproduction of key messages meant to share common frames that construct processes of collective identification but also at the processes of ‘emotion transformation’ that shape radical collective claims and which seek to challenge the dominant political system.

Social Change in the Turbulent Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Work-related Demands on Work-to-family Conflict, Mastery, and Psychological Distress

This study examines whether (and why) the accumulation of perceived work-related demands associated with social change in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic relates to psychological distress among a sample of employed adults in dual-earning relationships living in the United States. Using data from a cross-sectional online survey ( N = 418) administered during the early months of the pandemic, multivariate results indicate a positive association between demands of social change and distress, net of other factors. This association is due to an increase in work-to-family conflict and a decrease in mastery, and it does not vary by the gender or parental status of the respondent. According to the findings, part of the COVID-19 pandemic’s negative impact on the distress of the employed occurred through its translation into more negative proximal opportunity structures in the context of work, where it confronted individuals with different demands, comprising new uncertainties and new expectations.

Integration of Prismatic Science and Development of Arabic Education Master Curriculum

This article described the curriculum development of the Arabic Education (AE) Master’s program in accordance with the university's vision through research and development of the Borg and Gall’s model with a qualitative approach, data collection through documentation, literature review, and questionnaires for expert validation. The performance of education personnel’s who are less adaptive to the advancement of science and technology is one of the problems faced by the world of education. The cause of this problem is that the education curriculum for education personnel’s is not relevant to the users’ changing needs. Hence, the higher education curriculum needs to be developed according to the demands of social change and the progress of today's science to realize a relevant curriculum. Data analysis was done through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study resulted in a curriculum model which refers to the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (IQF) based on prismatic science integration. This curriculum model is expected to produce master's graduates who are able to act as Arabic language teachers at the undergraduate level who are professional, innovative, and creative in developing Arabic language education through research and scientific publications and have Ulul Albab, Ulil Abshor, and Ulin Nuha characters that radiate in thought and activity.

Literature, Idea and the Feminist Consciousness in Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall-Paper”

Literature reproduces social realities. These realities are furnished through ideas and form in the service of a society and every of its moments and events in history. Drawing from the foregoing proposition, this study explores the connection between literature, idea, and the feminist consciousness in Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s “The Yellow Wall-Paper” in order to demonstrate Gilman’s foregrounding of the challenge of a married woman. This study notes that Gilman’s portrayal re-echoes the challenges of contemporary women against the exertions of patriarchy, and the denial of the female voice and agency in marital space. Gilman underscores her theme through specific narrative strategies such as the creation of a cognitively active and questioning female character; who is prevented from exercising her artistic abilities and whose agency is stifled as a house wife without a name in contrast to her husband Dr. John. Another strategy is through the use of symbols such as the yellow wall paper to allegorize the female condition in marital sphere in the similitude of a prison and a caged existence. Importantly, while this paper locates the society as an important source of inspiration for the feminist idea manifest in “The Yellow Wall-Paper”, this paper submits that Gilman makes a demand for social change, and her short story constitutes a type of resistance to the narrative framing of women in domestic sphere by men, institution, authorities and orthodoxies as marginal and subalterns.

Beyond multiculturalism: revisioning a model of pandemic anti-racism education in post-Covid-19 Canada

Canada was the first country in the world to establish multiculturalism as its official policy for the governance of diversity. Canadian multiculturalism has gained much popularity in political and public discourses in the past 50 years, and it has also received no less criticism as to its effectiveness in addressing issues of racism. There have also been ambiguities over the meaning and intention of multiculturalism, leading to divergent understandings of multiculturalism as an ideal of inclusion and equity, on the one hand, and a mere political rhetoric, on the other. On the occasion of celebrating the 50th anniversary of Canada’s official multiculturalism policy, this article re-visits Canada’s multiculturalism by reviewing its history and ethos and critically examining its actual effects as manifested during the Covid-19 pandemic in Canada. The rise of anti-Asian racism, anti-Black racism, and anti-Indigenous racism incidents in the pandemic reveals that multiculturalism has in effect, sustained a racist and unequal society of Canada with racism entrenched in its history and ingrained in every aspect of its social structure. Multiculturalism tolerates cultural difference but does not challenge an unjust society premised on white supremacy. The anti-racism movement mobilized by racialized communities in Canada indicates that multiculturalism has failed to respond to racialized communities’ pressing demand for social change and action for social justice. The article concludes with a proposed alternative framework to multiculturalism, that is, pandemic anti-racism education model, to centre the issue of race and racism in an action-oriented, inclusive, and empowering approach toward a future of a just society.

Marketplace cultures for social change? New social movements and consumer culture theory

ABSTRACT Although culturally oriented consumer research has examined the impact of consumer movements and consumer activism on lifestyle and group consumption, the interrelationships between consumer culture theory and new social movements has remained unexplored. Contrasting and critically discussing the activities and aims of consumer and new social movements, this study indicates that new social movements have both a subtle and direct impact upon the central theoretical pillars of Consumer Culture Theory. Exploring two urban social movements, as mini-case studies, this paper shows and critically discusses how protesters’ activities shaped a) spaces of marketplace cultures, b) consumer ideology and c) the macro-institutions that influence consumption. The findings can prompt scholars to rethink and re-imagine CCT through the prism of politics and collective demands for social change.

A Critique of Poverty: Exploring the Underground of Social Philosophy

Poverty is the primary focus of this paper; more particularly, the critique of poverty and not its mere description. It would not be an overstatement to say that one of the common grounds for poverty theories is that they describe the poor as those who systematically experience their lives in privation, namely around having the minimum when it comes to needs such as housing, food, health, education, free time, etc. There is, therefore, a theoretical and socially accepted orientation that promotes the sedimentation of a deep affinity between poverty and the minimum. Based on this reasoning, what is set on the horizon is a kind of non-explicit acceptance that the overcoming of poverty can be achieved by granting the poor something beyond the minimum, however elementary that “something extra” may be. Thus, if the experience of poverty involves some sort of lack or privation, and if this condition can be fully filled by something that has already been socially produced, then what would justify the fact that some people are able to fully fill it while others (the poor) can only secure the bare minimum? In light of this, perhaps it would be better not to question the acceptable “minimum” but, rather, to ask: Why would the notion of poverty be guided by this normative criterion? Therefore, a way of describing my broader hypothesis on poverty would be to understand that it should be measured based on the level of denial of access to what has been socially produced. The further one is from accessing social wealth, the poorer one is. Finally, this tendency toward assimilation between poverty and the minimum engenders a depressive effect on demands for social change.

Dialektika Status Wanita dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga di Indonesia

the status of women in family law became the main focus in legal reform. The reforms made must be dynamic and flexible in the face of changes in the socio-cultural context of society. The purpose of reform in addition to raising the status of women in the relationship between husband and wife also aims to provide legal certainty. Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law as the basis for resolving matters within the Court must continue to adapt to the social shift of society and the demands of social change so as not to lose its function as a social operator. To see the change in the status of women before the existence of Law Number 1 of 1974 and also KHI then the approach used is a historical approach. The juridical approach is used to see how the rules in Law No. 1/1974 and KHI apply to adapt to the demands of society change. The focus of juridical studies on the age limit of marriage, polygamy and divorce. Determination of the age limit of marriage has changed from 16 years of age for girls to 19 years. There is a change in article 7 paragraph (1) so that women and men have a passion for the right to education, health and constitutional rights. While the rules of Indonesian polygamy are not completely prohibited but the court provides strict conditions to do, while the rules of divorce for women have the right to file for divorce if the husband violates talaq ta’liq and commits the causes of divorce.

John Rawls on redistribution and recognition

Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11170230

Deconstructing Maternal Semiotic and Paternal Symbolic: A Psycholinguistic Perspective for Social Refinement

To examine the possibilities of reciprocal relationship of Semiotic and Symbolic in language processing, the present study attempts to analyze the psycholinguistic perspective as an essential tool for social refinement. When the select semiotic used for female which is maternal gets its signification in symbolic which is paternal was found affective. Genially, there should no such ideas as masculine or feminine in semiotic and symbolic. Consciously or unconsciously, female locates her priming words as an auxiliary and thereafter the psycholinguistic perspective for social change demands influence of semiotic and symbolic congruency for women empowerment in the globalized era. To transmit, receive and deform meanings of the words that have been used, misused and abused for females, the present study attempts to analyse select words through psycholinguistic filament of language learning. The finding suggests that this deconstructing psychic and linguistic change demands representation of right semiotic and symbolic interpretation of words at Mirror Stage of language processing.

Singaporean Families’ Adaptation and Resilience During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic

Drawing on governmental statements, press releases and major news reports on COVID-19 related measures, support and social issues, we illustrate and examine the challenges families are facing in Singapore during the pandemic. Employing a dual approach, we illustrate the extent of various institutional support and resources for families offered by the government in tandem with social distancing measures to restrict social activities, and closure of non-essential business, and also document issues related to the economy, education, family interactions and mental well-being of families from different social backgrounds. This approach enables us to show the extent to which Singaporean families have adapted to the different economic and social stressors and how institutional support has been utilized as a catalyst to resilience. The pandemic as a force of social change demands urgent research on the social impact on and resilience of families in Singapore. Future research directions should include children’s development with the interaction of family socioeconomic conditions, focus on mental well-being of all generations in the family, continuous safeguard of victims of domestic violence, empowerment, and investigations of the shifting family values. A concerted research strategy will offer the opportunity for a better understanding of the paradigm shift experienced by Singaporean families, and, to identify policy implications on strengthening the resilience of families.

Uncrowned kings: rituals and ritual objects in eighteenth–nineteenth century Portuguese royal acclamation ceremonies

ABSTRACT This article examines the royal acclamation ceremonies of the Portuguese crown in order to grasp the responsiveness of the institution of the monarchy and regime to the challenges of modernity throughout the delicate watershed period of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Portuguese Catholic and absolutist monarchy of the ancien régime had a strict protocol and a set of insignia of power that acted together at the moment of the acclamation and legitimation of each new king. The purpose of this research is to assess the adaptation and reinvention of these insignia and rituals according to the revolutionary demands of social change and secularization brought about by the turbulent period of the beginning of the nineteenth century: the French military invasions (1807–11); the departure of the royal family, court and administration to Brazil (1807); the liberal constitutional revolution (1820); and the civil war pitting liberals against absolutists (1832–34). The new constitutional monarchy that came out of this revolutionary flow faced many challenges of legitimacy, including the test of its capacity to create a modern royal imaginary updated to the cultural mindset of national and secular societies, and capable of bonding rulers with their people. The authors believe that the study of the acclamation ceremonies in the Portuguese constitutional monarchy can give us an accurate perspective on the quality of the symbolic image of the crown, therefore assessing the political efficiency of rituals as one of the structural aspects for institutional legitimization.

La formación de profesionales de la educación y el cambio en las comunidades rurales a partir de la IAP

Las comunidades rurales viven problemáticas derivadas de una política económica antidemocrática que pone en desventaja a los grupos sociales más desfavorecidos, por ello, las instituciones de educación superior deben desarrollar en sus estudiantes herramientas que se dirijan al logro de cambios sociales orientados a la búsqueda de calidad de vida y bienestar de la población a partir de la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP). El propósito de la investigación es analizar las problemáticas de las comunidades rurales y buscar soluciones a partir del desarrollo de la IAP en la práctica diaria de formación de los interventores educativos. Participaron 24 estudiantes, 15 líderes de la comunidad y 50 familias. Se fundamentó en la teoría del desarrollo comunitario. Se utilizó la encuesta, el taller investigativo y la entrevista, se identificaron necesidades y problemas organizados en grupos etáreos, se propuso un plan de acción que se implementará con el apoyo de instancias gubernamentales y se reflexionó sobre la influencia de la IAP en la formación como interventores educativos. Se encontró que la formación teórico metodológica de los universitarios para intervenir en comunidades rurales favorece el desarrollo de la conciencia social crítica de los estudiantes y la praxis de la investigación a partir de la reflexión pedagógica de los profesores, situación que impacta en la transformación e innovación curricular. Se concluye que la formación de profesionales de la educación orientada al cambio social demanda un proceso reflexivo pedagógico desde la praxis y la transformación social e individual así como el cambio en el currículo formal.

Civic Participation in Russia Today: Interaction of Social and Political Practices

The author argues that the rise of civic activism and formation of the public demand for social change convert the problem of the prospects of the Russia’s democracy into another context, than it had been a few years ago. The change of vector of public moods and expectations as it is stated in the article coincides with the emergence of multiple social groups and strata that do not need any goverment care and are interested to expand the borders of freedom and individual selfrealization. These both factors open a «window of opportunity» for the development of diverse forms and practices of «civic participation». The author interprets the above concept as a way that citizens and either formalized or not formalized social associations are expressing self-manifestation in different social spheres. The problem of interaction and co-influence between such two key components of civic participation as the «political» and «social» ones is the central problem of the article. The author argues that the convergence between the «political» and «social» components of civic participation should occur (and to some extent it is already going on) through both the «politicization» of socially oriented public associations and the «socialization» of political parties and movements. The author applies sociological data collected by Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of Russian Academy of Sciences that demonstrate that the level of direct involvement of Russia’s citizens into various forms of political and social participation is low. Wherein there is a rather significant segment of the «activist periphery» that under certain circumstances is promising for more intense involvement. It is emphasized that the increased importance of civic participation in contemporary Russia is determined not so much by its «mass character» as by ability of the active part of society to form institutional matrix of new forms and practices for political representation and public participation. This process is intensifying under the influence of confidence crisis both to existing power and government system and to most institutions of representative democracy.

Beyond the ‘online’: Iranian women’s non-movement of resistance

In many undemocratic countries where conservative law and patriarchal ideas are in place, women are considered second-class citizens particularly in domains of public life. After Iran’s Islamic revolution, Iranian women were confronted with a theocratic regime, which imposed laws and norms, which limited women’s activities and violated earned liberties. The activities of women under non-democratic states and patriarchal systems are thwarted by the repressive measures of authoritarian states as well as patriarchal society and hostile attitudes of ordinary men and women. New normative frameworks and practices imposed gender segregation in various aspects. During these years, women attempt to resist these policies, not by deliberate, organized campaigns but through daily practices in public life. Asef Bayat calls these kinds of resistance and activities ‘social non-movement’. This article focuses on a rather under-researched form of social activism and attempts to describe the way in which social media might be supportive tools for women aiming to build active networks and communicative spaces to deliberate on challenges to their lives. At the same time, these spaces function as the civic training ground where representations of political demands for social change are put forth. This article discusses ways in which social media have been used as platforms where women’s demands, among others, hold identity dimensions as well as violation of their basic and human rights.

합리적인 형사입법을 위한 방향

Our society is changing rapidly, and laws and legal systems must be created or modified to keep pace with these changes. As a result, laws are created or existing laws are amended. Criminal laws are no exception, and the role of creating and amending these laws lies with the legislature in accordance with the principle of separation of powers. As the members of the legislature are politicians, they are required to distinguish between their legislative and political activities. However, legislation is becoming a political tool as national demands, such as the demand for safety from crimes, are approached from a political perspective. Accompanying this phenomenon are a number of problems, such as overlapping legislations, symbolic legislations, and the excessive special laws, which are exceptions to the principles of general laws. The legislative tendency in creating or amending criminal statutes is to follow the severe punishment principle, which caters to populism. In other words, strong penalties and punishments are reflected in legislation in order to maximize political purposes and effects. However, this does not take into account the basic principles of criminal law, and problems can arise with the coherence and legitimacy of the legal system. Furthermore, the tendency of the symbolism and severe punishment principle, which takes advantage of populism, treats offenders as potential criminals. In terms of legal economics, strengthening punishments may be of limited use in preventing dangers and crimes. In addition, criminal laws serve to regulate criminal sanctions and is the most powerful sanctioning instrument because it uses imprisonment and fines, which restrict the freedom of the body and property rights. Therefore, the use of criminal law should be a last resort; however, the frequency of the use of criminal sanctions to guarantee the effectiveness of administrative acts in the area of administrative legislation, which is not covered by the existing criminal laws, is increasing. Criminal legislation must consider the principles of proportionalism and responsibility. However, actual criminal legislations do not seem to consider these principles sufficiently because of the abovementioned reasons. Therefore, for reasonable criminal legislation, it is necessary to first consider amending laws that are faithful to the general principles of criminal law, that do not violate the Constitution, and that can meet the demands of social change. For this purpose, the issues of culpability and the integrity of the legal system must be considered in concrete terms. If these requirements can be satisfied, some of the proactive functions of reasonable criminal legislation can be performed to a certain extent, and the limitations that may remain can be improved at a later time.

NATIONAL LAW DEVELOPMENT AS IMPLEMENTATION OF PANCASILA LAW IDEALS AND SOCIAL CHANGE DEMANDS

Social life changes over time. The response to social change and law change is all important. The ideal national law system Indonesian people expect is Pancasila law system. The problem in this research is First, what is the description of the Pancasila law ideals? Second, why development of national law as implementation of Pancasila law ideals is important? and Third, is national law development also the social change demands? This research employs normative approach which constitutes secondary data in the form of library materials. The analysis applied induction-interpretation-conceptualization. The results show that Pancasila law ideals is an expectation of a law system rooted in Pancasila which is a way of life of the Indonesian nation. The development of national law system is an attempt to establish its own product laws. The importance of national law development is to manifest the Pancasila law ideals. The law development in the context of social change is to meet social change. The national law development will be more effective if initiated from the substance of law. Keywords: Development, national law, ideals of law, Pancasila, social change.

Complicating Narratives: Defining and Deconstructing Ethical Challenges in Community Psychology

In this concluding essay, we review the case studies presented in this Special Issue and examine whether community psychology has a distinctive approach to defining and resolving the core ethical canons of the Belmont Report (1979): Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice. For two of these Principles-Respect for Persons and Beneficence-community psychologists elaborate upon and extend their definitions to consider their meaning in community-based, social justice-oriented research. The field's approach to Respect for Persons is multilevel in nature; in addition to respecting individuals and their diverse identities, we also have obligations to respect our community partnerships, the communities with whom we work, and the populations and cultures represented in our work. Similarly, for community psychologists, Beneficence is a multilevel construct that considers risks and benefits at the group, community, and cultural levels of analysis. With respect to Justice, community psychologists' views of our ethical responsibilities are qualitatively different in meaning from the original Belmont Report and from disciplinary-specific interpretations of this principle in ethical guidance documents from psychology, sociology, and evaluation. Our valuing of social change demands that we contribute to individual and group empowerment and liberation, and in so doing, that we avoid collusion with oppressive systems. Thus, we define our ethical responsibilities for promoting Justice as more action-oriented than do other disciplines. The essay closes with an exploration of future directions for developing a comprehensive ethical framework for community psychology.

Demands of Social Change Across Multiple Domains of Life and Across Time at the Advent of the Global Financial Crisis

Longitudinal data collected between 2005 and 2009 is analyzed to investigate the interplay of trajectories of perceived demands in the domains of work and family. Quadratic latent growth curve models were used to mimic the increase of demands in N = 1,296 young adults from Germany as structural uncertainty increased in the second half of the study. Demands in the different domains develop highly parallel, reflecting possible spill-over effects between the domains, and seem to indicate changes of objective uncertainty during the outset of the global financial crisis. Furthermore, there is also evidence for cumulative disadvantage and inoculation effects.