E-commerce Demands Research Articles

New E-Commerce Model and Development Strategy of Fresh Food E-Commerce Platform Based on ReTech

With the arrival of the new retail format, almost every e-commerce platform has arranged fresh food retail one after another. Retech integrates retail and technology organically to enhance the core competitiveness of retail industry in the aspects of automation and intelligence. This paper introduces the four business models of fresh e-commerce and the transformation of circulation model of agricultural products, compares the circulation model of traditional retail and fresh e-commerce, analyses the characteristics of consumption demand of fresh e-commerce, and gives the development strategy of fresh e-commerce platform based on Retech.

Digital adaptation of the Russian payment services market to pandemic shocks

The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the features of adaptation of the Russian payment services market to pandemic shocks, taking into account digitalization trends. The following regularities were revealed: increasing rates of digitalization; structural transformations of the market; blurring the lines between banking products and fintech services amid heightened competition; the emergence of payment services for retailers; growing demand for e-commerce, online transactions and contactless payment for services; increasing financial inclusion of traditional and innovative retail financial services; formation of an ecosystem approach, etc. It is concluded that the ongoing changes have a positive impact on the transformation of the market supply of payment services. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, payment intermediaries are using tactics of digital settlement services and reducing dependence on loan products; promoting an initial positive customer experience in remote channels, mobile applications; focusing on sustainable development of the client base.

TWENTY FIRST CENTURY ARBITRATION : THE QUESTION OF TRUST

Trust is woven into the fabric of international arbitration to an intimate degree. This is a statement that may sound trite, such is the natural place of trust at the core of the arbitral process. The selection of decision-makers and the intuitu personae nature of the arbitrator mandate are important elements that hinge on the parties’ choice of the composition of the tribunal as a key factor to the legitimacy of arbitration. Arbitrators are personally selected and entrusted with administering proceedings and delivering results that instil the parties with confidence in the resolution of cross-border, cross-cultural disputes by means of an ad hoc process devoid of precedent or appeal. Trust, however, is not a static attribution and it does shift over time. As ways of doing business evolve, as new types of commercial transactions emerge, so the nature of the disputes arising out of these transactions changes, as does the vector for their resolution.The time component of dispute resolution is not appreciated or measured in the same manner on- and off-line. E-commerce demands a dispute resolution system that responds to, and reflects, its immediacy, low cost, speed of execution, cross-border and technology-reliant nature. This state of affairs has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of trust, however defined, also imports the broader societal factors that are present at a given time in history: to the generation born at the turn of the millenium, the voluminous approval of anonymous peers on social media carries more weight than the views of three individual decision-makers, however reputed and knowledgeable, selected by word of mouth. This increasingly dominant voice in the marketplace prompts the question whether a less time-consuming approach to arbitration’s traditional reliance on due process might constitute an acceptable trade-off to elicit a speedier, peer consensus-based, cheaper decision, thereby delivering more satisfaction to e-commerce users, and thus garnering more trust. It is with this reality that 21st century arbitration must come to terms, and which I am exploring in this contribution. This is a short thought-piece for Professor George Bermann's Festschrift. Professor Bermann cares tremendously about the legitimacy of international arbitration as a global dispute resolution mechanism. It is fitting, therefore, that a contribution on the place of trust in international arbitration should appear in this compendium celebrating Professor Bermann’s life and career, in this era where the legitimacy of arbitral decisions and outcomes is being redefined by technological advancements.

Technological Advancements in E-Commerce and Customer Relationship Management

In the recent past, for any business to be successful it is essential to acquire, serve and retain customers. The number of users of commercial purposes has led to increased demand for E-Commerce in the global market. There has been a remarkable progress in E-Commerce due to globalization and technological advancements which led to sustainable quantum of business at affordable price. Technologies used in E-Commerce includes: Augmented Reality: The Future of E-Commerce Stores, Artificial Intelligence: Improving E-Commerce services and Optimizing Customer Experience, Voice Search, Chatbot, Blockchain Technology: A Faster, Safer and More Transparent used as E-Commerce Payment System, Security and Supply chain management. This paper focuses on the evolution of E-Commerce, development of CRM initiatives, leading E-Commerce companies, technological advancement in E-Commerce: E-Commerce platforms and service providers; software and tools used in E-Commerce and recent trends in E-Commerce and CRM in streamlining the CRM process thereby minimizing the cost of CRM.

A SWOT analysis of China's air cargo sector in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

This paper discusses the situation of China's air cargo sector facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the expectation that it can go out of recession more easily than China's air passenger sector, this paper analyzes four aspects that are favorable and unfavorable for its further development: (1) strengths (China's sustainable economic basis and proliferating cargo suppliers), (2) weaknesses (insufficient cargo capacity and less business internationalization), (3) opportunities (top authority support, rising e-commerce demand, and new technological momentum), and (4) challenges (uncertain trade environment and increasing profitability pressure). Then this paper suggests strategies for China's air cargo suppliers to adapt to the pandemic.

Enhancing E-Commerce through Blockchain (DLTs): The Regulatory Paradox for Digital Governance

Abstract Nowadays, the emergence of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and the rapidly developing of the digital economy have the potential to transform the current international regulatory framework. Thus, the current developments of DLTs in e-commerce demand a closer analysis of the implications for global governance and international trade. While the Internet has enhanced the development of new platforms for international trade, DLTs may be instruments to unleash the potential of e-commerce. In this scenario, DLTs could drive, strength and promote e-commerce transactions by diminishing inefficiencies. For instance, it could significantly reduce intermediation costs, facilitating the use and interoperability of smart contracts and single window systems. Indeed, customs operations are very complex and involve different types of intermediaries across borders, creating unnecessary obstacles to trade that could be reduced by the application of DLTs. There is where the regulatory paradox enters into place. The operability of DLTs in e-commerce raises significant regulatory challenges posing new policy questions. For this reason, it is crucial to achieving common understandings among relevant stakeholders to identify a set of principles that guide a country’s regulatory frameworks to facilitate the interoperability of e-commerce. One of the main pieces of the puzzle of proposing a set of principles is how to deal with an appropriate level of intervention from regulators in order to promote trust in international transactions, transparency, efficiency, security and operability among regulatory frameworks. This paper will examine current developments, initiatives, and proposals from different approaches: It will start with an overview of the opportunities that DLTs will create to promote e-commerce. Then, it will explore the current international economic legal framework in light of the application of DLTs in e-commerce, taking into consideration policy recommendations from international institutions and initiatives in some specific jurisdictions. From those views, a set of principles will be identified.

E-PHARMACY IMPACTS ON SOCIETY AND PHARMA SECTOR IN ECONOMICAL PANDEMIC SITUATION: A REVIEW

Four month ago, nobody knows about covid-19 but now this virus has spread to almost every country, infecting at least 3,062515 people and death approx 211449 people with badly impact on economies of the most countries and also broken their health-care systems. At this time covid-19 disease is almost spreading all over the world and society. Majorly Pharmacy services act as a pillar at this pandemic situation for the public health. China is the first country where covid-19 outbreak started and some current data of consumer behavior and their habits are showed that society take some safe and preventive measures during lockdown and social distancing time which increase growth of ecommerce demand is inevitable. Now a day’s e-pharmacy is being adapted because medications can be ordered in a one click and conveniently delivered to customer door step with some risk like misuse of drugs and self-medication especially for those drugs which comes under the schedule H and X. This review paper focus on the basic issues and challenges related to online pharmacy and how can it be beneficial to society and pharma sectors in the pandemic situation. 
 Keywords: Online Pharmacy, Internet, Corona virus, Pandemic situation, Pharmaceutical sector.

Demand for air cargo and demand for virtual commerce goods in Brazil

Some studies have reported that current demand for air cargo transport has largely derived from the demand for goods in B2C-type electronic commerce. Marketing experts consider that consumer income bracket, cost of goods, freight costs and other less tangible factors influence consumer decisions to purchase online. This study makes an econometric investigation as to whether determinants of e-commerce demand in Brazil can explain the behavior of the demand for air cargo transport services. The study sample period is 2000 to 2016. Unit root and co-integration tests were conducted prior to the regression analysis of the results obtained for the air transport services demand as well as tests for correlation among explanatory variables for the air cargo demand. The reported results make it possible to conclude that the determinants of e-commerce demand do explain the demand for air cargo transport services. It is important to underscore that studies designed to determine the dimensions of cargo aircraft fleets and airport cargo terminals installed at airports or in their vicinities must always take into account the demand for goods offered by B2C-type e-commerce in their analyses.

An Intelligent Approach for Demand Forecasting in E-commerce

With the growth of e-commerce, accurate demand forecasting has become a critical aspect of successful business operations. Traditional demand forecasting techniques such as time-series analysis, moving averages, and exponential smoothing have been used for years, but they have limitations in capturing the complex and dynamic nature of e-commerce demand. In this paper, we explore innovative approaches to demand forecasting in e-commerce. Specifically, we discuss the use of tree-based Machine Learning (ML) techniques as well as advanced statistical models such as Bayesian networks and hierarchical models. We provide a case study of successful implementations of innovative demand forecasting techniques in e-commerce companies. The results show that our approach can significantly improve inventory management and logistics strategies, leading to increased profitability and customer satisfaction.

Training Strategies for Cross-border E-commerce Business English Talents under the background of "Internet +"

Cross-border e-commerce business is an important foreign trade mode in the period of global economic integration. With the popularity of the Internet, cross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly. Cross-border e-commerce should be able to cover e-commerce and international trade, so business English talents are urgently needed. As English talents in the new situation, they should have the ability of international marketing, international trade and cross- cultural communication. However, there are many problems in the business English talents cultivation for cross-border e-commerce in China. Firstly, this paper analyses the current demand of cross-border e-commerce for professional business English talents. And then through a questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the current problems in training business English talents, and finally puts forward some suggestions.

Thermal Analysis of Cold Plate for Direct Liquid Cooling of High Performance Servers

Data center energy usage keeps growing every year and will continue to increase with rising demand for ecommerce, scientific research, social networking, and use of streaming video services. The miniaturization of microelectronic devices and an increasing demand for clock speed result in high heat flux systems. By adopting direct liquid cooling, the high heat flux and high power demands can be met, while the reliability of the electronic devices is greatly improved. Cold plates which are mounted directly on to the chips facilitate a lower thermal resistance path originating from the chip to the incoming coolant. An attempt was made in the current study to characterize a commercially available cold plate which uses warm water in carrying the heat away from the chip. A mock package mimicking a processor chip with an effective heat transfer area of 6.45 cm2 was developed for this study using a copper block heater arrangement. The thermo-hydraulic performance of the cold plates was investigated by conducting experiments at varying chip power, coolant flow rates, and coolant temperature. The pressure drop (ΔP) and the temperature rise (ΔT) across the cold plates were measured, and the results were presented as flow resistance and thermal resistance curves. A maximum heat flux of 31 W/cm2 was dissipated at a flow rate of 13 cm3/s. A resistance network model was used to calculate an effective heat transfer coefficient by revealing different elements contributing to the total resistance. The study extended to different coolant temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 45 °C addresses the effect of coolant viscosity on the overall performance of the cold plate, and the results were presented as coefficient of performance (COP) curves. A numerical model developed using 6SigmaET was validated against the experimental findings for the flow and thermal performance with minimal percentage difference.

NormaChain: A Blockchain-Based Normalized Autonomous Transaction Settlement System for IoT-Based E-Commerce

Internet of Things (IoT)-based E-commerce is a new business model that relies on autonomous transaction management on IoT-devices. The management system toward IoT-based E-commerce demands autonomy, lightweight, and legitimacy. As blockchain is an innovative technology that is competent in governing the decentralized network, we adopt it to design the autonomous transaction management system on IoT E-commerce. However, current blockchain solutions, most namely cryptocurrencies, have fatal drawbacks of nonsupervisability and huge computational overhead, and hence cannot be directly applied on IoT-based E-commerce. In this paper, we propose NormaChain, a blockchain-based normalized autonomous transaction settlement system for IoT-based E-commerce. By designing a special three-layer sharding blockchain network, we can significantly increase transaction efficiency and system scalability. Additionally, by designing an innovative decentralized public key searchable encryption scheme (decentralized public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) scheme), we can uncover illegal and criminal transactions and achieve crime traceability. Our new decentralized PEKS scheme cryptographically eliminates the dependence of a trusted central authority in the original PEKS scheme and instead expands it to a fully decentralized governance, which distributes the supervision power equally among all parties. More importantly, by proving NormaChain is secure against chosen ciphertext attacks and against the stealing of the secret key, we show that NormaChain prevents a legitimate user’s privacy from being violated by banks, supervisors or malicious adversaries. Finally, we deliver the NormaChain system with design details and full implementations. Experiments show that the average transaction-per-second on IoT devices is around 113, and the supervision accuracy is 100% when proper target illegal keywords are provided.

A Study on the Expansion Strategy of Air Cargo at Incheon International Airport through In-depth Interview Study

2018년 인천공항 항공화물 성장률이 급감하며 2013년 이후 최저 성장률을 기록하였을 뿐만 아니라 2019년에도 추가 둔화가 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 인천공항의 수요증대 방안을 파악하기 위하여 세가지 연구문제를 설정하고 전문가 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰 결과, 인천공항의 향후 전략운송품목은 의약품으로 나타났으며, 전략시장은 미주가 압도적인 지지를 받았다. 그리고 인천공항 항공화물 증대를 위해서 첫째, 인프라 및 제도적 지원 둘째, 안정적인 노동인력 확보를 위한 지원 셋째, 전자상거래 수요 확대를 위한 제도적 지원 넷째, 화물흐름 원활화를 위한 제도적 지원 마지막으로 제조업 활성화 정책 지원 등이 요구되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합적으로 검토해본 결과, 인천공항의 지속가능한 물동량 창출을 위한 최우선 과제는 지속적인 네트워크 확대인 것으로 파악된다. 그리고 전자상거래 및 콜드체인 클러스터 구축, K-Packet을 활용한 GDC 화물 운송서비스 개선, 의약품 관리ㆍ배송 체계 도입, 제조업 활성화 정책이 요구되며, 물류경쟁력 제고, 글로벌 제조 및 물류 기업 유치환경 조성, 새벽시간대 화물기 운항 활성화, 항공화물 네트워크 정보시스템 구축 등이 필요한 것으로 파악된다.The air cargo growth rate at Incheon International Airport has dropped sharply in 2018. It has recorded the lowest growth rate since 2013 and expected to further slow down in 2019. Therefore this study set up three research questions and conducted in-depth interviews with experts to find out how to increase cargo volume at Incheon International Airport. As a result of interviews, pharmaceuticals and Americas are supported as the strategic item and market for Incheon International Airport. And the needs for government policy to increase cargo volume at Incheon International Airport are derived as follows: first, infra structure and institutional support second, securing stable workforce third, institutional support for expansion of e-commerce demand fourth, institutional support for facilitating cargo flow and finally support for manufacturing activation policy. As a result of comprehensive reviews of these suggestions, the priority for Incheon International Airport to create sustainable cargo volume is continuous expansion of networks. And it is also required that establishing e-commerce and cold chain cluster, improving GDC service quality using K-Packet, introducing management and delivery system for pharmaceuticals and manufacturing activation policy. In addition to these requirements, it is necessary to enhance logistics competitiveness, create environment to attract global manufacturing and logistics company, activate cargo service at dawn and build air cargo network information system.

Periodicity analysis using weighted sequential pattern in recommending service

Nowadays, due to escalating the demands of the direct purchase of e-commerce with many kinds of item, the demand for e-commerce is exploding. The recommender system finds items for customer easily and targets in customers for the e-commerce firms easily by an automated recommending process. And also, association rules are often used to facilitate product sales in marketing pattern analysis through recommender systems in e-commerce. This paper takes aim at a new recommending service in e-commerce using periodicity analysis of weighted sequential pattern. In e-commerce, we need the FRAT segmentation method based on the various items purchased by the customer, to reflect the weights and perform the pre-processing tasks using sequential patterns for period analysis. We apply an effective incremental sequential data mining method that adds incremental purchasing data as a change of the four season changes. As a result, we suggest a recommendation service for micro-marketing of e-commerce based on big data analysis for promoting e-commerce purchasing, which satisfies customer’s taste with various products of e-commerce. To check the performance of the proposal, we tested the data set with the same conditions as before. As a result, the proposed system is more efficient than the other systems in the results of system evaluation.

Proactive Two-Level Dynamic Distribution Routing Optimization Based on Historical Data

In view of the dynamic dispersion of e-commerce logistics demand, this paper uses the historical distribution data of logistics companies to study data-driven proactive vehicle routing optimization. First, based on the classic 2E-VRP problem, a single-node/multistage 2E-VRP mathematical model is constructed. Then, a framework for solving the proactive vehicle routing optimization problem is proposed in combination with the characteristics of the proposed model, including four modules: data-driven demand forecasting methods, customer clustering methods, proactive demand quotas and replenishment strategies, and vehicle routing optimization procedure. The significant feature of the proposed solution framework is that the response to dynamic customers is proactive rather than passive. The solution is applied to the distribution practice of a large logistics company in Chongqing. The results show that the proposed method has better dynamic scene adaptability and customer response capabilities in traffic limit.

Total Hockey Optimizes Omnichannel Facility Locations

Omnichannel distribution, which blends brick-and-mortar retailing and e-commerce, is a key challenge for today’s supply chains. In this paper, we report on a study to design an omnichannel distribution system for Total Hockey, a growing U.S. sporting goods retailer in a competitive environment. Management strongly believes that e-commerce success will depend on high service levels characterized by one- or two-day delivery and initially thought that a new omnichannel warehouse located on the East Coast could support its expansion plans. To study the situation, we developed a profit-maximizing optimization model for locating omnichannel warehouses that supports both e-commerce and store shipments. The model uses estimates of e-commerce demand by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) across the United States, while incorporating management’s sales expectations regarding the value of high service levels, e-commerce sales lost to competitors’ stores, and reverse cannibalism from Total Hockey’s own retail stores. Multiple warehouse sizes allow modeling of nonlinear inventory costs. The facility-location optimization model allows exploration of multiple solutions and an assessment of the impact of higher service levels. The results of the study were contrary to management expectations and suggested a significant redesign of the distribution system. We report results for several analyses, implementation details, and managerial insights for omnichannel distribution.

Efficient digital certificate verification in wireless public key infrastructure using enhanced certificate revocation list

ABSTRACTPublic key cryptography is widely used for secure data transfer in various applications. The Public key infrastructure provides a foundation that supports public key cryptography, and it is required to deliver the public keys to existing systems or users securely. The public key is exchanged digitally in the form of digital certificates having a certain period of validity. Circumstances may arise under which the validity of the certificates should be ceased, and they need to be revoked. The fast growth of e-commerce demands verification and data transfers to be done in minimum time to maintain high efficiency of communication. In this paper, a new method of developing certificate revocation lists is proposed. The formal model of enhanced PKI for mobile commerce security is put forward. The performance of NTRU is compared with the RSA algorithm and the ElGamal algorithm. The paper also sets forth a comparative analysis of the proposed method with other existing techniques. The results show that the proposed technology has the upper hand over the current methods.

Research on Cultivation Mode of Rural E-commerce Talents in Hubei Province

With the rapid development of E-commerce economy, rural E-commerce in Hubei province also meets the unprecedented development opportunities. The current development of rural E-commerce in Hubei province also face many constraints, especially lack of rural E-commerce talents has become a bottleneck in the development of rural E-commerce. This paper introduces the development potential of rural E-commerce in Hubei Province, analyzed the rural E-commerce demands for talent and talent dilemma, suggests by the training method of “government domination, industry guidance, enterprises to participate and universities to teach", explore a feasible group cooperation mode for "government industry enterprise and university", in order to cultivate innovative rural E-commerce talents to adapt the demands of rural E-commerce market and provide some help for the reservation of rural talents.

A Study of Operation Mode in Cross-Border Mini E-Commerce Auto Parts Industry

With the development of cross-border mini E-commerce in auto parts industry，the traditional operation model has not satisfied the demand of modern e-commerce completely. In this paper, the evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process has been proposed which include the factors of evaluation model, standards, indexes and weighs. After the model forming process, the calculation method for the comprehensive evaluation score has been described. At last, we used the model to assess a real cross-board auto parts retail enterprise, the ECI score of the enterprise is 77.93, and we put forward two specific suggestions to the enterprise for the operation mode improvement.

A multi-stage heuristic algorithm for matching problem in the modified miniload automated storage and retrieval system of e-commerce

E-commerce, as an emerging marketing mode, has attracted more and more attention and gradually changed the way of our life. However, the existing layout of distribution centers can’t fulfill the storage and picking demands of e-commerce sufficiently. In this paper, a modified miniload automated storage/retrieval system is designed to fit these new characteristics of e-commerce in logistics. Meanwhile, a matching problem, concerning with the improvement of picking efficiency in new system, is studied in this paper. The problem is how to reduce the travelling distance of totes between aisles and picking stations. A multi-stage heuristic algorithm is proposed based on statement and model of this problem. The main idea of this algorithm is, with some heuristic strategies based on similarity coefficients, minimizing the transportations of items which can not arrive in the destination picking stations just through direct conveyors. The experimental results based on the cases generated by computers show that the average reduced rate of indirect transport times can reach 14.36% with the application of multi-stage heuristic algorithm. For the cases from a real e-commerce distribution center, the order processing time can be reduced from 11.20 h to 10.06 h with the help of the modified system and the proposed algorithm. In summary, this research proposed a modified system and a multi-stage heuristic algorithm that can reduce the travelling distance of totes effectively and improve the whole performance of e-commerce distribution center.