Demands Of Society Research Articles

Development of the optimal composition of tablets with the active substance potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate. Message 1. Study of the effect of auxiliary substances on bulk density, bulk density after shrinkage, fluidity and angle of natural slope of powder masses

The pharmaceutical industry continually evolves to meet the demands of modern society for high-quality medications. One avenue of this advancement involves exploring new technologies for manufacturing tablet formulations that adhere to contemporary quality standards. An integral aspect of this process is the careful selection of optimal excipients that preserve the pharmacological activity of the active substance to the greatest extent possible. Investigating the impact of various excipients on the tablet compression process is pivotal to addressing this challenge. Therefore, the study of the influence of excipients on the pharmaco-technological properties of tablets with potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate is an important aspect, so as this substance has pronounced hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. The aim of the work was to study the effect of excipients on the pharmaco-technological parameters of tablets with the active ingredient potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate obtained by the method direct pressing. Materials and methods. Active substance – potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate, auxiliary substances (excipients based on microcrystalline cellulose, auxiliary substances based on granulated sugars, lubricants, lubricants). The powder mixtures were checked for bulk density, bulk density after compaction, flowability and angle of natural slope. The tablets were pressed by the direct pressing method. The effect of auxiliary substances on the pressing process was studied. Results. The conducted studies show that the powder mass of potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate and auxiliary substances was characterized by good pharmaco-technological indicators – bulk density and bulk density after compaction, fluidity and angle of natural slope. Further, during the tableting process, it was confirmed that the powder mass has satisfactory properties. In almost all series of experiments, the process of pressing the tablets took place without difficulties, the matrix was evenly filled, but the force of pushing the tablets out of the matrix was different. Conclusions. The study involving 16 excipients, including fillers, disintegrants, and lubricants to develop the composition and technology was conducted of a new tablet medicine containing potassium 2-((4-amino-5-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate. This comprehensive examination enabled us to identify the optimal auxiliary substances that fulfill all the pharmaco-technological requirements stipulated by the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for tablet formulations.

Metathetic degradation of waste natural rubbers for potential reutilization

Waste rubbers have caused a severe environmental pollution now. Their reutilization is an urgent eco-economic demand for the sustainable society by converting the wastes into feedstock for the chemical industry. In the present work, the metathetic degradation of waste rubbers (waste natural rubber gloves as model) was comprehensively investigated with different chain transfer agents (CTAs). The waste natural rubber gloves could be degraded with three CTAs with different polarities (styrene, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA)), catalyzing with the HG2 catalyst in chloroform. Four kinds of main reactions were proposed in the olefin cross-metathesis (OCM) degradation, based on the product analysis. It was also found that the degradation was favored by a consistent low concentration of the CTA, inhibiting the by-reactions and subsequently improving the degradation yield. Therefore, an easy and effective strategy for the high-performance OCM degradation of waste rubbers was proposed by dropping the CTA.

Policy Reflection: Kurikulum Merdeka as Educational Innovation in the Era of Society 5.0

Kurikulum Merdeka represents Indonesia's strategic response to the demands of Society 5.0, an era marked by pervasive technology integration. As an educational innovation, it aims to cultivate future-ready individuals adept at utilizing technology, possessing competitiveness, and providing innovative solutions for society. The curriculum emphasizes developing 21st century skills like critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy through student-centered, project-based learning and formative assessments. Key opportunities include nurturing an adaptable, tech-savvy workforce and aligning education with industry needs. However, challenges arise in teacher readiness for constructivist pedagogy, technological competence, and the need for continuous curriculum updates. Successful implementation requires enhancing teacher training, providing adequate technological infrastructure, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration in curriculum design and evaluation. Policy reflection is crucial to optimize Kurikulum Merdeka's responsiveness to Society 5.0's rapid changes. By addressing opportunities, overcoming obstacles, and ensuring industry relevance, Indonesia can effectively prepare its youth to thrive in an increasingly digitalized world while driving sustainable societal progress. Proactive policy measures can position the education system as a catalyst for innovation and human capital development in the Society 5.0 landscape..

The house of tomorrow is a living being today:

“The house of tomorrow” hides a whole genealogy of mechanistic projects, developed under a perspective of energy and resource self-sufficiency. Since the mid-20th century, disciples of Buckminster Fuller and the New Alchemy Institute have been creating fully autonomous functional prototypes thanks to regenerative metabolic cycles. Today, it is essential to contextualize these mechanistic models to the demands of contemporary society. Evolving the theory of dwelling, implies adjusting the domestic space to our current need to build a reconciliation between environment and home. In order to achieve an approach towards the constitution of a self-sustainable habitable ensemble, it is crucial to demonstrate the role that architecture plays here as a mediation mechanism. It is precisely by understanding the metamorphosis undergone by the self-sufficient habitat, that the principles on which to build “the house of today and tomorrow” can be clarified.

Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood

Our society faces a great diversity of opportunities for youth. The 10-year Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS) program has the long-term goal to understand which combination of measures best predict societal trajectories, such as school success, mental health, well-being, and developing a sense of belonging in society. Our leading hypothesis is that self-regulation is key to how adolescents successfully navigate the demands of contemporary society. We aim to test these questions using socio-economic, questionnaire (including experience sampling methods), behavioral, brain (fMRI, sMRI, EEG), hormonal, and genetic measures in four large cohorts including adolescents and young adults. Two cohorts are designed as test and replication cohorts to test the developmental trajectory of self-regulation, including adolescents of different socioeconomic status thereby bridging individual, family, and societal perspectives. The third cohort consists of an entire social network to examine how neural and self-regulatory development influences and is influenced by whom adolescents and young adults choose to interact with. The fourth cohort includes youth with early signs of antisocial and delinquent behavior to understand patterns of societal development in individuals at the extreme ends of self-regulation and societal participation, and examines pathways into and out of delinquency. We will complement the newly collected cohorts with data from existing large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts. The study is embedded in a transdisciplinary approach that engages stakeholders throughout the design stage, with a strong focus on citizen science and youth participation in study design, data collection, and interpretation of results, to ensure optimal translation to youth in society.

Student’s Information Literacy Cultivation Approaches in Higher Technical and Vocational Education in China: A Review

Higher technical and vocational education is based on the logic of technology application and skill training, highlighting the application and implementation of professional technology and the actual process of the skills. Essential goals for the talent development of higher technical and vocational education in China now include fostering the information literacy of these students and preparing them to live and learn in an information-based society. To investigate the strategies for cultivating students’ information literacy in higher technical and vocational education context, 23 publications between 2014-2023 were reviewed by a qualitative systematic literature review. To drive the results, an inductive analytical method was employed. Analysis of results yielded four primary approaches to students’ information literacy cultivation: (1) integrating information literacy into professional courses, (2) enhancing the utilisation of information resources, (3) establishing a proper information literacy evaluation system, and (4) integrating information literacy into employment perspective. Articles increased significantly in the past five years, which showed the importance of information literacy education in vocational education in China to fulfil the rising demands of society in the Information Age.

Advancing Higher Education with the Transition to Smart Universities: A Focus on Technology

This study explores the transformative journey of higher education towards smart universities, emphasizing integrating cutting-edge technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and biometric systems. This evolution responds to the evolving demands of society, aiming to significantly enhance the educational experience while reimagining campus life and community involvement. It sheds light on the creation of immersive, interactive, and personalized learning landscapes that accommodate a diverse array of student requirements, including those with disabilities, setting a new standard in educational inclusivity. The discourse extends to the pivotal role of smart campuses, which are instrumental in forging safer, more inclusive, and environmentally sustainable educational realms. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of digital platforms in nurturing social bonds and community engagement, especially through the potent medium of alumni networks. By transitioning into centers of innovation and technological excellence, universities are equipping students for a future shaped by technology. The review highlights the transition’s challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the need to balance technological advancements with human-centric values, ensure equitable technology access, and maintain privacy. It presents the rise of smart universities as a pivotal step towards more interconnected, intelligent, and sustainable communities, significantly influencing education and societal development.

Characterization and Timing of Mineralization in the Garrison Gold District, Southern Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada

Abstract The decrease in gold discoveries is affecting the deployment of new technology and the general society demand, demonstrating the need for new gold exploration approaches. To date, gold exploration remains primarily focused in areas near well-known large gold districts. We demonstrate the potential for new discoveries and significant resource expansion in the Abitibi greenstone belt distal from the giant gold districts across the belt. Unlocking of additional resources in the Garrison district was accomplished by identification of zones of compentency contrast, which resulted in a variety of locally complex and unrecognized structural traps receptive to gold. Our approach is applicable to other little-explored areas in the Abitibi greenstone belt and other orogenic belts worldwide. The Garrison district, situated in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in the Superior province, lies along an ~3-km NE-trending segment of the gold-rich, Archean Porcupine-Destor deformation zone. The district contains several discoveries, which include the Buffonta deposit hosted in mafic volcanic rocks, the syenite-hosted 903 deposit, and the albitite dike-hosted Jonpol deposit. These deposits occur along high-strain zones developed in embayments and elongate, NE-trending domains of talc-chlorite-serpentine–altered ultramafic rocks, which localized strands and splays of the Porcupine-Destor deformation zone. In addition, the Garrcon deposit comprises northerly-trending gold-bearing quartz veins and lamprophyre dike swarms hosted in sedimentary host rocks that are bounded by high-strain zones. The intrusive rocks in all of these deposits were emplaced prior to gold deposition. They provided a competent substrate in areas of heterogeneous strain that localized gold mineralization. Initial alteration made the surrounding volcanic and sedimentary rocks also rheologically competent. This resulted in enhanced hydrofracturing and the formation of paragenetically late gold-bearing quartz veins. Widespread albite-pyrite-carbonate alteration in all of the gold deposits temporally overlapped with gold mineralization. New U-Pb zircon geochronology data reveal that ~2719 to 2712 Ma volcanism was followed by granitic magmatism and emplacement of a series of ~2683 to 2672 Ma dikes. One Re-Os analysis of a synmineralization molybdenite sample indicates that orogenic gold was deposited at 2671 ± 12 Ma. This is comparable to published ages of major orogenic gold deposits throughout the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt, indicating a broadly synchronous principal gold event across the belt.

DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION PROFICIENCY: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

This study delves into the multifaceted nature of communication proficiency, exploring the diverse language competencies essential for effective interpersonal and professional interactions. Through a multidimensional analysis, it is being investigated how linguistic, sociolinguistic, and strategic competencies interplay to shape an individuals communicative abilities. Drawing from contemporary linguistic theories and empirical research, the study identifies key components of language proficiency, including grammar, vocabulary, pragmatics, and discourse management. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative assessments of language skills with qualitative interviews to capture nuanced insights into the participants communication strategies and challenges. Findings reveal that proficiency extends beyond mere linguistic accuracy, emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness, context sensitivity, and adaptability in real-world communication scenario. The study also highlights the role of continuous practice and feedback in enhancing language skills, proposing practical frameworks for educators and learners to foster holistic communicative competence. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the need for an integrated approach to language education that prioritizes functional and adaptive use of language, preparing individuals for the dynamic and diverse communication demands of contemporary society.

Managing European Alpine forests with close-to-nature forestry to improve climate change mitigation and multifunctionality

Close-to-nature forestry (CNF) has a long tradition in European Alpine forest management, playing a crucial role in ensuring the continuous provision of biodiversity and forest ecosystem services, including protection against natural hazards. However, climate change is causing huge uncertainties about the future applicability of CNF in the Alpine region. The question arises as to whether current CNF practices are still suitable for adapting forests to climate change impacts while also meeting the increasing societal demands regarding Alpine forests, including their potential contribution to climate change mitigation. To answer this question, we simulated forest development using the ForClim forest model at two Alpine study sites, together representing a large biogeographic gradient from high-elevation inner Alpine forests (Switzerland) to lower-elevation south-eastern Alpine forests (Slovenia). The simulations considered three climate scenarios (historical climate, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and six alternative management strategies, including both current CNF management practices and climate-adapted versions. Using an indicator based multi-criteria decision analysis framework, we assessed the joint impacts of climate and management on biodiversity and key ecosystem services of the investigated regions, including carbon sequestration (CS) inside and outside the forest ecosystem boundary. The joint effects of climate change and CNF varied, both among and within the study sites along the biogeographical gradient. While CS was more resistant to climate change under current CNF at the south-eastern Alpine site, it was more sensitive at the inner Alpine site, where CS potentials decreased at lower elevations. This adverse effect could be partly mitigated by fostering the use of climate-adapted tree species. However, current CNF and adaptations of it did not meet multiple management objectives equally well: while protection from gravitation hazards and timber production also benefited from this silvicultural practice, biodiversity benefited from CNF variants with low-intensity or no management. In conclusion, CNF has a high potential to continue fulfilling its crucial role in European Alpine forests. A differentiated approach will be needed in the future, however, to identify forest stands where adaptive measures are required, especially at sites particularly vulnerable to climate change. In combination with less intensively managed or unmanaged areas, CNF provides a management portfolio that will help European Alpine forests to meet the demands of future society.

Ukrainian piano music paradigm of the past and present in the performance dimension

The research relevance on the specificity of Ukrainian piano composition, both solo and ensemble, is predefined by its demand for modern society, as well as in the content and significance of this sphere of musical art. The research aims to highlight the phenomenon in question as a voluminous, complex and, at the same time, holistic system, as well as to identify its leading components, their content, functional significance, and principles of interconnection between themselves and with the society. To achieve the above objective, the following methods were used: historical, culturological, analysis, structuring, synthesis, comparative characterization, and systematization. The research analyses the complexity of the phenomenon. The study examined several components of the phenomenon, namely the leading components of the foundation of piano performance in Ukraine, the sectors of pianism implementation and the nature of its impact on them, the modernisation of social life directions under the influence of music, Ukrainian piano art and performance in different historical eras, elements of the art of piano performance, software functions in the sphere of modern pianism. The research results illuminate processes of Ukrainian academic national piano art integration into world professional creative and performing culture as well as the uniqueness of Ukrainian music which embodied stylistic and technical achievements of classicism, romanticism, directions of the twentieth century and modernity on the ground of original colourful ethnic origins. The practical significance of the proposed study consists in the fact that its materials can be used in the concert activities of pianists, in compiling educational programs of secondary and higher music schools in piano performance, as well as in the implementation of research projects aimed at finding discoveries in the field of pianism, its specificity, manifested in different areas.

Meta Analisis Strategi Pembelajaran Agama Islam di Era Digital

Learning is dynamic process following development of society over time. Learning any material, including Islamic religious learning, is required to meet the demands of society. So that Islamic religious learning continues to run well in this digital era, a good strategy is needed. This article is the result of meta-analysis research which analyzed several articles in the last five years. This research maps Islamic learning strategies in the digital era. Apart from that, this research also maps the reasons why this strategy has become a mainstay strategy according to the authors of the articles analyzed. Based on the research results, it can be mapped that the strategies presented in these articles are blended learning, participatory and social media-based learning strategies. Furthermore, it was also found that to support strategies that are directly related to learning, there needs to be supporting strategies that must be implemented. These supporting strategies are increasing human resources, developing an integrated curriculum, optimizing digital libraries, improving the quality of education, and digital media literacy. In general, the reason of the article authors presents this strategy is to make learning about Islam more interesting and attractive to the generation in this digital era.

STRATEGIES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TO MEET DIVERSE LEARNING NEEDS

The article deals with an important aspect of implementing inclusive education strategies. The purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of implementing inclusive education in the modern educational environment. The authors reveal the main aspects and benefits of inclusive education for persons with special needs. One of the key topics of the article is the consideration of strategies aimed at rethinking the attitude of society and the state to this problem. Today, society recognises the equal rights of person with special needs and provides them with equal opportunities in all areas of life, including education. The authors analyse the essence of inclusive education, which is the creation of conditions for the education and upbringing of children with special needs in joint groups. An important aspect of inclusive education is an individual approach to each child, regardless of their physiological, mental, social or other characteristics. Inclusive education creates an opportunity for a child to become an equal member of society and reduces the risks of isolation and segregation. Further research should be aimed at finding optimal strategies for implementing inclusive education to meet the tension between the needs of integration of persons with disabilities and the demand of society for quality education.

Examining the Integration of 21st Century Skills in EFL Instruction: A Case Study of Selected Saudi Universities

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and societal transformations, the importance of 21st-century skills in education cannot be overstated. Teachers play a pivotal role not only in imparting knowledge within the confines of the classroom but also in shaping the lives of individuals within their communities. This study investigates the acquisition of 21st-century skills among English teachers in Saudi Arabian universities, recognizing the significance of these skills in preparing educators for the evolving demands of modern society. A total of 150 respondents from five universities across Saudi Arabia participated in the survey, providing insights into their proficiency in various 21st-century skills. The results reveal that participants demonstrate that they have acquired a comparatively high level in social skills, leadership, communication, and aspects of creativity. However, skills such as digital literacy, collaboration, and critical thinking exhibit only a moderate level of acquisition among participants. Despite the overall positive indication of 21st-century skill adoption in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction, there remains room for improvement. The findings suggest that while Saudi Arabian English teachers have begun integrating 21st-century skills into their teaching practices, further efforts are required to fully harness the potential of these skills. Addressing this gap may necessitate additional training opportunities and the development of English language curricula that explicitly incorporate and prioritize 21st-century skill development.

A New Assessment of High Punctual Solar Trackers Effects on Poultry Welfare in Agrivoltaïc Open-Air Runs

Open-air poultry farming is currently developing with the increasing society demand for livestock farming better considering animal welfare. Outside animal comfort and open-air runs exploration could be enhanced by shelters such as trees or photovoltaic (PV) structure. The aim of this study is to confirm previous results to evaluate (i) the microclimates generated under high punctual PV trackers, (ii) the effect on laying hens comfort, (iii) the use of panels shadow area by hens. In three experimental sites, microclimates were studied and laying hens were counted in a control area, under such PV tracker and under a tree. Results showed that PV trackers, as big trees, lowered summer soil and air temperatures, radiation and lightness, decreased the occurrences of stress situations for hens, and that more hens were counted under trackers than in a control area. These results may help for optimizing such agrivoltaïc system and the hens welfare by improving the open-air run design with PV structures and vegetation.

REFLECTIONS ON TEACHING PRACTICE IN BASIC EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE BNCC

This article proposes a reflection on teaching practice in Basic Education in light of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and its impacts on the curriculum and teacher training. The BNCC, as the guiding document for education in Brazil, establishes the essential knowledge, skills and abilities that all students must develop throughout basic education. In this context, the role of the teacher is fundamental, as he is the mediator between the content proposed by BNCC and his pedagogical practice. The objective of this work is to analyze how the BNCC influences teaching practice, considering the challenges and possibilities that arise from this relationship. To this end, a bibliographical review was carried out on the BNCC, teacher training and pedagogical practice in basic education. The results indicate that the BNCC has significant impacts on the school curriculum and teacher training, requiring a reorganization of educational practices and greater attention to the skills and abilities that must be developed by students. In view of this, it is concluded that it is essential to rethink teacher training and pedagogical practice, seeking greater articulation between BNCC content and teaching methodologies, in order to guarantee quality education aligned with the demands of contemporary society.

PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH SWASTA MELALUI MANAJEMEN STRATEGIK

Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education quality improvement through strategic management, is an effort to properly manage all madrasah resources based on internal and external analysis. The quality of private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education as a basic level educational institution under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion, is currently required to adapt to the demands of society and technological developments that continue to change and develop.This study aims to analyze and find (1) the concept of improving the quality of private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education through strategic management, (2) Models of improving the quality of private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education through strategic management, (3) Supporting and inhibiting factors for improving the quality of private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education through strategic management.

Cornerball: a new alternative sport proposal for school physical education.

Physical Education has had to evolve and change throughout history to adapt to the demands of society. As a result, teachers have had to seek pedagogical alternatives to ensure that students are active, motivated, and engaged in the classroom. This approach allows for the development of motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional skills in students, ultimately contributing to the holistic development of the individual, which is the primary goal of education. Out of this intrinsic need for Physical Education, Alternative Sports have emerged, providing opportunities for different types of learning compared to more traditional sports. Cornerball, a hybrid between split-court and wall-based sports, played in a somewhat unique playing area-a 90° corner, is introduced with the aim of offering a new Alternative Sport. The objective of this descriptive study is to present a new pedagogical proposal designed for the educational context, highlighting its characteristics and fundamental aspects to consider, such as rules, the playing field, participants, and methodological strategies for its implementation within a Physical Education classroom. Therefore, the aims and purposes of this work are to describe a new sports game so that in the future, more detailed and specific empirical studies can be proposed.

Pengembangan Manajemen Pengetahuan Madrasah & Pesantren

The rapid advancement of science and technology in the global era is currently felt in various fields of community life, especially in the fields of education, social and culture, including in boarding school education. In order to face the demands of society, community educational institutions including Islamic boarding schools must be functional, because educational institutions as a forum in society can be used as a gateway in facing the demands of society, science and technology that continue to change. Therefore, in order to become an ideal boarding school, it is necessary to organize the management and development of the boarding school. Islamic boarding school as one of the educational institutions that combines these three aspects, not only emphasizes the cognitive intelligence aspect, but also emphasizes the affective and psychomotor aspects, namely by teaching values and norms in accordance with Islamic law and equipping students with various skills (life skills). The development of management and management of education at PPMI Assalam consists of management elements including man, money, material, method, macine, and market. While the realization steps in order to implement the program are planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring.

ANALYSIS OF THE OUTCOMES OF IMPLEMENTING THE EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR FUTURE TRANSLATORS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING BASED ON LOCALIZATION

The ongoing evolution of the higher linguistic education system is primarily focused on addressing the demands of society and the government for competent translators. This necessitates corresponding modifications in the professional training, development, and personal growth of future translation personnel, with the ultimate goal of fostering their preparedness for localization. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcomes obtained from implementing an experimental system for teaching prospective translators in localization, as well as their subsequent analysis. Clear algorithmization is necessary for any experimental activity, including the professional training of prospective translators for localization. A linear pedagogical experiment was conducted to implement and experimentally verify the author’s pedagogical system. The experiment was designed in a series of consecutive steps. To test the hypothesis proposed in the study, it was deemed necessary to approve the structural and functional model of the experimental system. This approval was intended to establish a program of experimental work that aims to create the required pedagogical conditions in both academic and extracurricular classes. The ultimate goal is to enable students to develop themselves as individuals, both personally and professionally. The effectiveness of the presented results was demonstrated through the use of theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem. This analysis facilitated the selection and comprehension of didactic material. Additionally, a critical and analytical examination of concepts, theories, and methods was conducted to identify potential solutions for the problem under investigation. Furthermore, mathematical statistics methods were employed to quantitatively calculate the obtained data. The author’s methodology of incorporating various experimental new designs into the professional training of future translators for localization is deemed effective, as evidenced by the generalized results of the preparedness of future translators for localization.