Demands Of Society Research Articles

Bacterial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using various waste carbon sources.

Synthetic plastics are in great demand in society due to their diversified properties, but they cause environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, synthetic plastics are in need to be replaced with biodegradable plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), bacterial biopolymers are natural alternative to synthetic plastics. These are present inside the bacterial cytoplasm in granular form. Presently, the production cost of PHA is high due to expensive carbon substrates used in its biosynthesis. Therefore, this study focuses on the cost-effective production of PHA using waste carbon sources. Rice bran and sugarcane molasses were used as the carbon source for PHA production from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Alcaligenes sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PHA production from these bacterial strains was confirmed through Sudan Black-B screening. With rice bran, as carbon source, the highest PHA yield obtained was for P. aeruginosa, which yielded 93.7% and lowest was 35.5% for B. cereus. Surprisingly, B. cereus produced the highest cell dry mass (0.045 g/L) but its extracted PHA contents were lowest being only 0.02 g/L. Alcaligenes sp. with 0.031 g/L CDM yielded 87.1% PHA. B. subtilis had a CDM 0.029 g/L, 0.02 g/L PHA content and a yield of 69.10%. In the case of sugarcane molasses, P. aeruginosa produced 95% PHA yield, 0.02 g/L CDM, and 0.019 g/L PHA content. Alcaligenes sp. yielded 90.9% PHA, 0.011 g/L CDM, and 0.01 g/L PHA content. B. subtilis produced 91.6% PHA yield, 0.012 g/L CDM, 0.011 g/L PHA content; B. cereus produced 80% PHA yield, 0.015 g/L CDM, 0.012 g/L PHA content at 37°C, pH 7. Higher concentrations of carbon sources increased the CDM and decreased the PHA yield. The maximum yield of PHA was obtained from sugarcane molasses. 24-48 h of incubation was optimal for B. subtilis and B. cereus, while for Alcaligenes and P. aeruginosa incubation time of 48-96 h was desirable for higher PHA yield. The extracted biopolymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which identified the extracted biopolymers as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate P(3HB). The thermal properties of the extracted biopolymers, such as melting temperatures, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which confirmed the thermal stability.

ДИНАМІКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ ДОСТУПНОСТІ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ ДЛЯ ОСІБ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ОСВІТНІМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ

The education of children with special educational needs (SEN) is one of the priority areas for the development of modern education in Ukraine. The article analyses the indicators of accessibility of general secondary education for persons with SEN in accordance with the National Strategy for Creating a Barrier-Free Environment in Ukraine. The article presents data on the status of special and inclusive education for the period of 2014/2015-2023/2024 on the basis of official statistical reporting, identifies trends, key achievements and possible challenges to the implementation of the goals of the Strategy. The legal framework in the field of inclusive and special education was examined. Proposals for improving the statistical forms for the formation of indicators of access to general secondary education for persons with SEN were substantiated, which requires further analysis of the compatibility of these indicators with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), performance indicators of the National Strategy for the Development of Inclusive Education for 2023-2030 and reporting indicators of the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), etc. The article also deals with the issue of allocation of subventions from the State budget to local budgets for providing state support to persons with SEN in 2024. It is proposed that in order to calculate the performance indicator in reports on the use of these funds, the number of pupils with SEN, including persons with disabilities who received additional services at the expense of this subvention, should be allocated. The relevance of the article's topic is due to the increased attention and demand of society on the need to include persons with SEN in the educational process and to provide them with quality educational services.

INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AN OPEN UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Digital transformation and globalization processes require universities to adapt to new challenges and demands of society and integrate the principles of sustainable development into all areas of their activities. Under martial law, the issue of increasing the competitiveness of universities is particularly relevant. Each university seeks to attract the most talented students, teachers, and researchers. One of the tools for assessing the competitiveness of universities is international rankings, including those aimed at measuring the achievements of universities in the field of sustainable development and their contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, which are an indicator of effective management and improvement of the quality of education for its sustainability. The key rankings that rank universities by their contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals are the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings, QS World University Rankings, and UI GreenMetric. Based on the analysis of the methodologies of these rankings, are identified the main criteria and indicators used in each of the rankings that have a significant impact on the competitiveness of the university in the context of sustainable development. The analysis made it possible to outline the guidelines for the university's activities to improve its ranking in the context of sustainable development, and the recommendations of the European Association of Universities prompted and became the basis for the development of the Roadmap (Policy) for Sustainable Development, which consolidates key strategic guidelines aimed at systematic integration of sustainable development principles in the areas of the university's activities: education for sustainable development, research and innovation, social impact, public engagement, partnership and cooperation, image and sustainable reputation, sustainable infrastructure. The Sustainable Development Roadmap (Policy) is aimed at systematically integrating sustainability principles into the educational process, research, and management processes of the university. The goals identified by the areas of activity will serve as indicators for the development of an internal sustainability rating of the university's structural units, which will improve the university's ranking in international sustainability rankings and ensure its competitiveness.

IDENTIFYING BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO TAX CHANGE OF LABOR INCOME IN UKRAINE

Introduction. The National Revenue Strategy states that one of the directions for the further development of the national taxation system is the restoration of the progressive rates’ scale of personal income tax. Such a proposal looks appropriate and corresponds to the trends in the development of the labor market, the system of income generation in the national economy, and the demands of society. At the same time, the opportunistic reaction of taxpayers to the introduction of additional (increased) tax rates may lead to further evasion of labor income from taxation and, accordingly, an increase in tax risks of the state budget. Purpose of the article is to identificate of the behavioral response effect of the economic agents to tax change of labor income in Ukraine. Results. Changes in the taxation of labor income in 2015-2017 are characterized by the dynamics of such analytical indicators as the average effective tax rate and the tax wedge. The nominal growth of the wage fund in 2016 and 2017 is due to the following changes in taxation: an increase in the tax base and an increase in the average effective tax rate. In the short and medium term, reducing the tax burden did not have the expected positive effect, as predicted by the logic of Laffer's model. There is a significant increase in the share of wages at the average level, from 53.5% in 2012 to 63.8% in 2020. The share of labor income in the intervals from the lowest to the average earnings as of 2020 was more than 80%. The presence of an alternative system of income taxation with a significantly lower level of tax burden than the general system creates additional risks of effective implementation of personal income tax with a progressive scale of rates. Conclusions. The system of formation and distribution of labor income has undergone significant changes. The extremes of the income distribution (lowest and highest) were in relative gain compared to others. the introduction of a progressive scale of taxation rates exclusively for labor income in Ukraine does not have sufficient fiscal potential. In the case of a suboptimal political decision, with insufficient institutional capacity of control bodies and the presence of an alternative system of income taxation, there is a high probability of a significant increase in tax risks for state and local budgets.

Revitalizing Infrastructure: Assessing Concrete Jacketing for Reinforced Concrete Column Rehabilitation

The rehabilitation of deteriorating civil engineering infrastructure, encompassing bridges, buildings, columns, beams, supporting beams, marine structures, and roads, presents a formidable challenge in contemporary engineering practice. As society's demand for upgraded infrastructure escalates, the imperative to address deteriorating structures becomes increasingly urgent. Consequently, the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure has been identified as a paramount concern warranting immediate attention. Among the myriad techniques employed, retrofitting columns with concrete jacketing stands out as one of the most prevalent methods for enhancing column strength. This investigation delves into the efficacy of concrete jacketing as a means of revitalizing reinforced concrete columns. The results evince a substantial augmentation in column capacity following retrofitting, underscoring the potential of such methods to bolster the load-bearing capabilities of reinforced concrete columns. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a more uniform stress distribution in retrofitted columns compared to their unmodified counterparts, thereby mitigating issues related to uneven stress distribution. In summation, the findings underscore the considerable promise of concrete jacketing in fortifying the strength, structural integrity, and longevity of deteriorated infrastructure.

El liderazgo pedagógico del director y su influencia en las prácticas educativas en el contexto de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana

The present study is focused on the leadership of the director and its influence on the approach to educational practices in the New Mexican School, and its purpose is to establish the relationship between the pedagogical leadership of the director and the performance of the teachers, which is why which was investigated in different pedagogical magazines and educational books, where it will point out the characteristics that good school management should have as well as the importance of pedagogical leadership that transforms the educational practices of teachers, it is worth recognizing the importance of a good leader. school as well as the impact it represents for the community itself. It is important to recognize that educational management must focus now more than ever on the pedagogical field and thereby reach the optimal levels that the New Mexican School demands. It is essential to achieve the transformations that today's society demands, its demands become greater. When a teaching group does not have good pedagogical leadership, therefore the need for us as individuals to be able to innovate, to relearn in a complex and difficult context, it is necessary not to forget that we must remain constantly trained and that what is required For children, the New Mexican School is about returning to our origins and starting from there, from their context, what they know and what they identify with and, once the children feel part of all this, placing them in national and international environments. and global, that is the glocal approach, knowing that they are part of a whole and that everything is united, that is why the importance of working in projects, from there comes the importance of the new free textbooks, we cannot continue working by subjects , since we are part of a whole and as such that is how learning should be.

Stone tools beyond traditional functions: the journey of lithics from profane to ceremonial

The production of flint tools evolved and diversified in response to the increasing and newly appearing demands of the early societies. The maintenance of this tradition coupled with the durability of stone tools resulted in the development of the lithic tool kit and the accumulation of large lithic assemblages mainly in settlements. The twentieth century witnessed the wide investigation of those assemblages through techno-typological approaches that aim at classifying and interpreting lithic assemblages and using them to reconstruct the chronological and cultural phases of given societies. The wide use of stone tools in daily-life activities i.e. hunting, gathering, farming, and food processing, enhanced the perception of lithics as functional objects that are mainly associated with secular activities. However, investigating the changing roles of stone tools over time remained partially overlooked. Apart from finely-made flint knives, the ritual functions of stone tools remain an unexplored research area. The current paper focuses on assessing the symbolic roles of the Predynastic lithics based on their use as grave goods. The results show that varied classes of tools were recruited for funerary purposes and that the evolving roles of lithics were influenced by a long process of human-nature and people-object interactions.

Curriculum Teaching and Research Based on Cloud Computing and Big Data

This study investigates the integrated application of cloud computing and big data in the field of education and its impact on curriculum teaching. Through a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles, current applications, and relevant literature, the study reveals the advantages and challenges of cloud computing and big data in aspects such as curriculum design, learning analytic, and personalized teaching. It also explores their influence on aspects like the sharing of teaching resources, the construction of online learning environments, and the evaluation of student learning outcomes. Furthermore, through case analysis and empirical studies, this paper provides a more in-depth validation of the practical effects of cloud computing and big data in improving teaching effectiveness, promoting educational innovation, and cultivating students’ information literacy. In summary, the integration of cloud computing and big data provides new perspectives and solutions for building smart education, while also laying a solid foundation for nurturing talents capable of meeting the demands of future society.

Внешние влияния на социальные процессы в чеченском обществе второй половины XIX века

Introduction. The article examines and analyzes the influence of external aspects on the development of social processes in Chechen society in the second half of the 19th century. According to the author, the main and leading role in the galvanization of the changes that took place in Chechen societies was played by the Russian Empire, which, having come to the North Caucasus and offered the local peoples its own development paradigm, contributed to the acceleration of intra-system transformations that had roots in the distant past. The traditional patriarchal way of life began to be tested due to the impact of socio-cultural and socio-economic innovations associated with the capitalist relations introduced in the region. Materials and Methods. The study is based on an analytical comprehension of the works of famous domestic historians of the Caucasus, ethnographers and political economists devoted to the socio-political conditions of the development of the North Caucasus in the 17th – second half of the 19th centuries and was based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and reliability. The appeal to the scientific work of specific researchers was determined by both the depth and comprehensiveness of their penetration into the essence of the problem under consideration, the integral and panoramic vision of the historical processes under study, and, in part, by the proximity of their ethno-national origin to the ethno-cultural world of the Chechen people. Analysis. According to M.A. Mamakaev’s point of view, the role that the taip played in Chechen societies for a long historical time is beyond doubt. This consanguineous structure had great plasticity and was able to effectively respond to the demands of local societies, to respond to internal and external challenges. Based on the opinions shared by M.O. Kosvena, K.S. A.-K. Kokurkhaeva, A.I. Robakidze and R.L. Kharadze, the author came to the conclusion that the strength of the taip organization of the social life of the mountain Chechens was due to the age-old experience of the struggle for survival. It forced them to adhere to intra-ethnic solidarity, which to a large extent leveled the social class stratification inevitable in new historical circumstances. It is the external factor (Russia) that seems to have contributed to the preservation of traditional patriarchal norms for regulating life among the Chechens. Results. With account of the results of the study and V.I. Lenin’s point of view on the unfolding socio-economic processes in the region after the arrival of Russia, along with which the meanings and practices of capitalism began to penetrate the North Caucasus, it canbe stated that the traditional socio-cultural and economic structure of local life underwent a significant reformatting and was tied to the same processes that took place within the Russian Empire itself. They largely contributed to the pace and depth of renovationism after the elimination of competition from the mountain statehood – the imamate.

Stone tools beyond traditional functions: the journey of lithics from profane to ceremonial

The production of flint tools evolved and diversified in response to the increasing and newly appearing demands of the early societies. The maintenance of this tradition coupled with the durability of stone tools resulted in the development of the lithic tool kit and the accumulation of large lithic assemblages mainly in settlements. The twentieth century witnessed the wide investigation of those assemblages through techno-typological approaches that aim at classifying and interpreting lithic assemblages and using them to reconstruct the chronological and cultural phases of given societies. The wide use of stone tools in daily-life activities i.e. hunting, gathering, farming, and food processing, enhanced the perception of lithics as functional objects that are mainly associated with secular activities. However, investigating the changing roles of stone tools over time remained partially overlooked. Apart from finely-made flint knives, the ritual functions of stone tools remain an unexplored research area. The current paper focuses on assessing the symbolic roles of the Predynastic lithics based on their use as grave goods. The results show that varied classes of tools were recruited for funerary purposes and that the evolving roles of lithics were influenced by a long process of human-nature and people-object interactions.

The Relevance of Modern Scientific Research in Pedagogy: Ukrainian-Polish Discourse

The article provides a comparative analysis of the scientific investigations of Polish and Ukrainian scientists regarding the subject matter and content of modern pedagogical research. New challenges, the world crisis, a full-scale war in Ukraine - in one way or another influence the choice of research topics, determine their timeliness and expediency. It is noted that a wide interdisciplinary pedagogical approach to solving educational problems is clearly observed in Polish research. According to the thematic direction, scientific investigations have an applied nature, meet the demands of science and society. At the same time, the subject matter of scientific issues of domestic pedagogical research is mainly local in nature and does not fully correlate with modern social demands. It was concluded that it is needed to develop methodological foundations of pedagogy in conditions of instability and transgressivity. A list of pedagogical topics that are relevant for study in these conditions is presented.

ГРАЖДАНСКО-ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ «89.RUS» И ЕГО РОЛЬ В ЛИЧНОСТНОМ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ РАЗВИТИИ БУДУЩИХ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ

Professional and personal development and professional education of students are among the urgent problems of higher education, including pedagogical education. Being in the teaching profession, a young specialist should be aware of responsibility for the actions performed, understand their consequences, and possess those qualities that would meet the challenges and demands of modern society. Pedagogical universities face a difficult task to organize the educational process in such a way that it ensures sufficient assimilation of knowledge, contributes to the formation of necessary professional skills and value orientations. The socio-cultural environment of the university, aimed at mastering the norms of relationships, communication, and leisure activities by students, plays a separate role in the implementation of this task. One of the elements of the socio-cultural environment of the Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University is the civilpatriotic project "89.rus", the purpose, content and meaning of which are disclosed in this article. The methodology of a number of events is described. Among them are a lecture on the history of the state symbols of the Russian Federation, the civic and patriotic games "Victory" and "Russia is my country". Examples of individual tasks used when working with students are presented, information support for the project is demonstrated on the website of the Department of General Biology, Ecology and Teaching Methods, as well as on the pages of the textbook "A short course on the basics of Russian Statehood". It is concluded that the developed project ensures the personal and professional development of future teachers.

Cosmopolitismo institucional y cosmopolitismo de la responsabilidad: espacios para derechos humanos y deberes

The text provides two proposals: institutional cosmopolitanism and the cosmopolitanism of responsibility. The former, as the term suggests, relies on legal and political institutions to be maintained, but these institutions need to be restructured to meet the new demands of contemporary society. The cosmopolitanism of responsibility highlights the importance of effectively building duties and spaces for accountability for all national and international actors. As a result, proposals such as due diligence in the context of climate disasters or even structural violations of human rights are envisioned. Furthermore, the concept of accountability aligns with scholars of decolonial theories, in which racial and religious conflicts pos

Research on Public Sector Information Resource Management Innovation in the Age of Digital Economy

Abstract As strategic resources, public sector information resources are increasingly in demand in the information society in the era of the digital economy, and their configuration and management have gradually become a hot topic of concern for the government and society. To enhance the management efficiency and information-sharing ability of public sector information resources, a public sector information resource management system is established with the support of information technology. A public sector information resource data encryption transmission scheme is created through the combination of cloud platform technology for integrated management of information resources and a key encapsulation mechanism. The public sector information resource sharing scheduling model is designed with the optimization objective of maximizing the utilization of information resources, and the fireworks optimization algorithm is used to optimize its fitness value function to obtain the optimal information resource sharing scheduling strategy. When the encrypted transmission of public sector information resources is carried out, the probability of information leakage is only 1.28%, and the information protection efficiency is up to 7.88%. The throughput of the sharing model for information resources can be up to 533.78MB, and the communication overhead for sharing information resources is less than 20%. The establishment of a public sector information resource management system based on information technology effectively enhances the management efficiency of information resources in the public sector and promotes the efficient sharing of information resources.

Analyzing the Impact of ESP Teaching Models on Enhancing Non-English Majors’ English Application Skills

Abstract The development of globalization has led to the rising demand of society and enterprises for the English application ability of students in colleges and universities, and the enhancement of the English application ability of non-English majors has become the key research direction of English teaching in colleges and universities under this trend. In this paper, we study this issue, highlighting the urgency of innovating the English teaching mode for non-English majors through the current situation of the passing rate of the English application ability examination and the main problems of the cultivation of English application ability of non-English majors. Gray correlation analysis is used to study the correlation between the English teaching mode, job requirements and other factors and the English application ability of non-English majors to provide data support for the introduction of ESP teaching mode. The ESP teaching mode is proposed, the teaching experiment is designed, and the results of the experimental and control classes are tested before and after participating in the experiment to assess the role of the ESP teaching mode in improving the English application ability of non-English majors as well. In the study of students’ satisfaction with the teaching of application abilities under the ESP mode, the overall satisfaction is high. Non-English majors are rated 11.87% more satisfied with the teaching effect under the ESP teaching model than English majors.

ОБЛІКОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ АГРАРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article discusses the impact of the war in Ukraine on the agricultural sector and the need for enterprises to adapt to new conditions. It is noted that in the context of destruction and difficulties in accessing resources and markets, accounting support becomes key to ensuring the stability and efficiency of agricultural business. The article highlights the serious challenges faced by agricultural enterprises due to the war and emphasizes the importance of accurate cost accounting, resource optimization, and reliable financial reporting for the survival of enterprises. Adaptive accounting practices allow businesses to make informed management decisions and effectively respond to wartime challenges. The Government of Ukraine is taking measures to support the agricultural sector in the conditions of war, which requires proper accounting for the effective use of state aid and reporting on its use. Accounting support includes systematic accounting of financial transactions, control over costs and incomes, analysis of financial statements and budget planning, which contributes to effective financial management and making sound management decisions. It is indicated that despite the ongoing state of war in Ukraine, the continuation of accounting by entrepreneurs is necessary and conscious, taking into account the principles of continuity and consistency. It was concluded that even with a small number of operations at the enterprise, accounting will allow impartial control over the assets and liabilities of the enterprise in real time. Due to the full-scale invasion, the state relaxed the requirements for the storage and recovery of documents. The construction of an effective system of management control within the framework of a separate business entity can not only provide management personnel with reliable information about the state of tax security, but also contribute to the formation of transparent and reliable reporting of the enterprise, which includes both financial and information on tax calculations. This is especially relevant in the conditions of growing demands of society for social responsibility of business entities.

Use of clinical simulators and development of professional skills in dental students: systematic review

With the advancement of new technologies and teaching methods, dental schools face significant challenges in reorganizing their educational processes. This requires the incorporation of pedagogical systems that enhance the intellectual abilities of students, allowing them to respond effectively to the demands of society. The objective of this review was to analyze the impact of the use of clinical simulators on the development of professional skills in dental students. A systematic review was carried out using the Scielo, Lilacs and Redalyc databases. The search focused on studies related to the variables: simulators, learning, skills, students and dentistry. From the analysis of the content of the selected articles, three main themes were identified: the importance of the use of dental simulators, the development of skills in simulated environments, and the types of clinical simulators used in the training of dental students. The use of simulators in dental training is essential to improve clinical practice safely. These devices allow students to fine-tune their motor skills and develop a high level of confidence, which is crucial for performing procedures on real patients in their future professional practice

Values of academic integrity in higher medical education.

Aim: The aim is to identify features of theoretical and empirical research of academic integrity as characteristics of the educational environment of medical higher education institution (hereinafter - HEI). Materials and Methods: A complex of general scientific methods: logical-analytical, dialectical, theoretical-logical, comparative analysis, formalization and generalization, as well as quantitative sociological methods for collecting, processing and analyzing information. The object of the pilot empirical study were domestic medical students of full-time education at the Bogomolets NMU (N=472) and scientific and pedagogical staff who provide teaching of fundamental, specialized and socio-humanitarian disciplines at the university (N=153). Results: The values of academic integrity are the moral guideline that reveals the latest ethical demands of society and regulates the educational and scientific activities of all participants in the educational process. Opinions on the primary responsibility for compliance with the rules of academic integrity of a student differ between the surveyed scientific and pedagogical staff and students (p=0.000): the vast majority of the surveyed scientific and pedagogical staff tend to evenly divide the responsibility between a teacher and a student, and the majority of students-respondents noted that the student bears the primary responsibility. Conclusions: Commitment to the principles of integrity motivates both students and teaching staff to act in an academic manner. Therefore, the creation of a methodology for studying the phenomenon of academic integrity in medical higher education institution through the study of attitude of the subjects of educational process to basic values is promising.

АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВОГО ВЛАСНОРУЧНОГО ПІДПИСУ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of the article is to highlight the need to use a digital handwritten signature as a modern, efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly element of e-governance for society in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine. Methods. The article uses the following research methods: analysis; comparative legal; analogy; generalisation; idealisation; formalisation; synthesis. This list of research methods used made it possible to formulate the analysed material in accordance with the purpose of this article. Results. The article examines the administrative and legal framework for the use of such an element of e-government as a digital handwritten signature in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine. The author highlights the current regulations governing the use of digital handwritten signatures in public authorities. Examples of the use of digital handwritten signatures in the National Police of Ukraine through the interaction of the population with the police are given. The author considers recommendations regarding the current legislation on the regulation of the use of digital handwritten signature as such, which is equivalent to a handwritten signature for signing electronic forms of documents. The author examines the efficiency, speed and environmental friendliness of electronic document management when using a digital handwritten signature in the activities of the National Police. The author notes that the full form of a signed electronic document using a digital handwritten signature is available to persons in electronic form. Conclusions. Currently, the use of digital handwritten signatures is regulated by law only in a few state bodies, which limits the public demand for the possibility of public access to a wide range of modern technologies. In our opinion, such a possibility of signing electronic documents using a digital handwritten signature should not be limited exclusively to contractual relations, which does not allow a person to sign an electronic document created by a police officer in a convenient, fast and publicly accessible way. signature indicates the demand of society for such an element of e-government as a modern, efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly element of e-government for society in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine. The introduction of such an element as a digital handwritten signature in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine can become a fairly convenient and widespread way of signing electronic documents, which will attract greater public demand for informatisation of society.

Physical Education Teachers as Adults Trainers and their Perceptions of their Evaluation on Vocational Education and Training

Introduction: Educational systems and related evaluation policies tend to change and adapt to the demands of society all over the world. In Greece, the latest education policy includes the update and adaption of the educational curricula and the introduction of evaluation of teachers and adult trainers on vocational education and training (VET). The evaluation of teachers and trainers involved in the Public vocational training Institutes (VTI) and specifically in the Specialties of Sports’ Coach through an effective evaluation process could identify the strengths and weaknesses of the trainers and create professional development opportunities within their knowledge of content, pedagogy, and curriculum. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of Physical Education Teachers who teach as Adult Trainers in public and private VTIs in the specialty of Sports Coach (e.g., Soccer Coach, Basketball Coach, Track and Field Coach, Tennis Coach, Strength and Conditioning Coach, AEROBICS Instructor), regarding their evaluation on VET. Methods: In this study, 102 participants (M = 44.9 ± 11.02 years old), 55 males (53.9%) and 47 females (46.1%) participated. A relevant questionnaire about Teachers’ Evaluation was adapted and used. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied and descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Results: The results showed different perceptions among some items of the questionnaire depending on the work institution - public / private VTIs (p ≤ 0.05), educational level (p ≤ 0.05) and teaching experience (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: These results underscore the complexity and variability in perceptions of educational evaluation. These findings suggest the importance of considering various factors, such as institutional type, teaching experience, and educational level, in the design and implementation of evaluation systems to ensure they are effective, equitable, and conducive to professional growth.