Demand For Water Resources Research Articles

Modelling Watershed and River Basin Processes in Cold Climate Regions: A Review

Watersheds in cold regions provide water, food, biodiversity and ecosystem service. However, the increasing demand for water resources and climate change challenge our ability to provide clean freshwater. Particularly, watersheds in cold regions are more sensitive to changing climate due to their glaciers’ retreat and permafrost. This review revisits watershed system and processes. We analyze principles of watershed modelling and characteristics of watersheds in cold regions. Then, we show observed evidence of their impacts of cold processes on hydrological and biogeochemical processes and ecosystems, and review the watershed modeling and their applications in cold regions. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in modeling river basins according to model structures and representations of processes and point out research priorities in future model development.

A comprehensive review on green buildings research: bibliometric analysis during 1998-2018.

Buildings account for nearly 2/5ths of global energy expenditure. Due to this figure, the 90s witnessed the rise of green buildings (GBs) that were designed with the purpose of lowering the demand for energy, water, and materials resources while enhancing environmental protection efforts and human well-being over time. This paper examines recent studies and technologies related to the design, construction, and overall operation of GBs and determines potential future research directions in this area of study. This global review of green building development in the last two decades is conducted through bibliometric analysis on the Web of Science, via the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index databases. Publication performance, countries’ characteristics, and identification of key areas of green building development and popular technologies were conducted via social network analysis, big data method, and S-curve predictions. A total of 5246 articles were evaluated on the basis of subject categories, journals’ performance, general publication outputs, and other publication characteristics. Further analysis was made on dominant issues through keyword co-occurrence, green building technologies by patent analysis, and S-curve predictions. The USA, China, and the UK are ranked the top three countries where the majority of publications come from. Australia and China had the closest relationship in the global network cooperation. Global trends of the top 5 countries showed different country characteristics. China had a steady and consistent growth in green building publications each year. The total publications on different cities had a high correlation with cities’ GDP by Baidu Search Index. Also, barriers and contradictions such as cost, occupant comfort, and energy consumption were discussed in developed and developing countries. Green buildings, sustainability, and energy efficiency were the top three hotspots identified through the whole research period by the cluster analysis. Additionally, green building energy technologies, including building structures, materials, and energy systems, were the most prevalent technologies of interest determined by the Derwent Innovations Index prediction analysis. This review reveals hotspots and emerging trends in green building research and development and suggests routes for future research. Bibliometric analysis, combined with other useful tools, can quantitatively measure research activities from the past and present, thus bridging the historical gap and predicting the future of green building development.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-12739-7.

Integrated RAGA-PP water demand forecast model (case study: Shaanxi Province, China)

Abstract The demand for water resources in Shaanxi Province increases greatly due to the continuous growth of its population and the rapid development of the social economy. Water demand forecasting is a significant issue in the designing, maintaining and operating of a reliable and economical water supply system. An explicit mathematical method was presented in this study, based on the indicators of industrial output value, such as the gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The impact of total retail sales and year trends in the domestic or industrial water demands, can accurately forecast the water demand fluctuations for a municipality. Adopt RAGA-PP optimal selection model through a grouping method of data handling for water demand management to test for the case study Shaanxi, China. Results showed that the prediction effect of multivariate logarithmic model accuracy can reach 99.50%, and it is estimated that the demand for water resources in Shaanxi would exceed 10 billion m3 by 2030. The average relative error of the water consumption from 2015 to 2017 is 3.05% for the model of multiple linear and 0.50% for the model of multivariate logarithm model. Our framework can assist in developing sustainable solutions.

A Research of the Section Layout of the Second Phase of the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project: from Hongze Lake to Luoma Lake

The south-to-north water diversion project is a major strategic project in China to construct the overall pattern of the water resources allocation according to the principle of “four horizontal and three vertical, north-south allocation and east-west mutual aid”. On the one hand, the first phase of the eastern route of the south-to-north water diversion project started construction in December 2002 and was completed in November 2013. After completion, it has played an important role in alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources due to consecutive drought years in Shandong Province, especially in the Shandong Peninsula, which has ensured the economic and social development and improved the ecological environment in recent years. On the other hand, the second phase of the eastern route will further improve the allocation of water resources in China, ensure the security of water supply in important areas such as Beijing and Tianjin, and further improve the water ecological environment along the route. While the section from Hongze Lake to Luoma Lake is listed as the second section of the eastern route of this project (among 11 sections in total), the water layout, officially approved in the early stage, contradicts the one recommended by Jiangsu Province. On this basis, the key to ensure the smooth implementation of the project of this section is to study its scheme of water distribution in combination with the regional water system, coordinate the functions of flood control, drainage, water supply, navigation and ecology, and put forward an economical, reasonable and technically feasible scheme of water distribution.

Virtual Water Trade as a creative water-saving technique

Understanding the idea and strategy of virtual water trade is critical for formulating informed policies to increase water usage efficiency at various levels. The implementation of the concept of virtual water as a creative water-saving technique in Egypt, however, is still in need of comprehensive testing, research, and feasibility evaluation. Egypt also requires extensive investigations, surveys, and feasibility evaluations. At present, as a percentage of water supplies, Egypt's net virtual water import has risen to 23.55 percent. The primary concern here is to apply virtual water as a strategy that meets the interests and goals set out in Egypt's National Water Management Plan. The key concern of this paper is investigating the general use of virtual water as a water-saving technique in Egypt. It outlines the water scarcity problem and its indicators, supply and demand for water resources in Egypt, and water scarcity forces in Egypt. Going to virtual water in economic ideas history, the definitions of virtual water and water footprint, then virtual water as an analytical instrument and a political strategy. Finally, water saving from virtual water trade and its advantages and disadvantages in Egypt. In order to follow the introduction of the virtual water definition in the national water management policy of Egypt, A clear vision and understanding of its advantages and disadvantages according to the conditions of Egypt is required. Further analysis and a thorough understanding of the impacts and experiences on the local social, economic, environmental, cultural, natural and political situation is needed for this new definition as a policy choice in Egypt.

Conflict or cooperation? How does precipitation change affect transboundary hydropolitics?

Abstract Global climate change affects hydrology and ecology, and aggravates the contradiction between water resources supply and demand, thus leading to transboundary water conflict and cooperation attracting increasing attention. This paper uses the precipitation data sourced from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, hydropolitical data collected from the Transboundary Freshwater Disputes Database and, for approximately half a century of socioeconomic indicator for countries, to discuss the relationship between precipitation change and transboundary hydropolitics. As demonstrated by the panel regression results, lower precipitation would lead to more water conflicts and more significant change of precipitation would lead to more water hydropolitical events. This result remains robust after adjustment being made to the defined thresholds of conflict and cooperation. The findings suggest that the countries in a transboundary river ought to avoid conflict and seek more cooperation, considering the uncertain prospect of precipitation changes.

Evolutionary overview of water resource management (1990–2019) based on a bibliometric analysis in Web of Science

Globally, only 3% of water is fresh water that can be directly used by people. Limited water resources threaten fields, which are closely associated with social and economic development. Water resource management is an effective way to measure the supply and demand of water resources and improve the efficiency of water resource use and equalize spatial allocation. This article retrieved 1430 water resource management articles published from 1990 to 2019 through the Web of Science Core Collection. Thematic evolution analysis, cluster analysis and SciMAT were used to identify the evolutionary path of water resource management. The results showed that the water resource management studies have increased in the past 20 years, and became a research hotspot, and the number of articles increased considerably after 2011. The water resource management research themes have mainly focused on water supply, ecosystem services, policies, and simulations. The water resource management field has six evolutionary paths in two directions. These results showed that studies on the supply and demand of water resources are the main lines of knowledge and will be research hotspots. In addition, it states that the developed and developing countries have regional differences in theme evolution. This study proposed that issues related to scale, strengthening communication and integration within disciplines, introducing new theories and methods, and sustainable use will become future research directions that require more water resource management attention.

Growth and instability of area under drip method of irrigation in south Gujarat- A district-wise analysis

The competition among the various sectors of the economy particularly agriculture for the scarce water is becoming intense as the demand for available water resources is fast exceeding the economic supply. Many farmers still adopt conventional methods of irrigation which not only results in severe wastage of water but reduces crop production and also cause ecological hazards like water logging and soil salinity. The mounting water scarcity in Gujarat state validates the adoption of water efficient technologies like drip irrigation. The present study for undertaken to examine the current status and growth performance of area under drip method of irrigation for various districts of South Gujarat using compound growth rates. Instability analysis was carried out using the formula given by Cuddy and Della to know the variation in area under drip irrigation in over the years. The findings of the study suggested that during the period 2005-06 to 2019-20, the area under drip method of irrigation in case of loanee respondents declined significantly over the years.This could be probably attributed to the excessive documentation and other procedural formalities which were discouraging for the less educated and illiterate farmers. It also led to increase in the transaction cost. On the contrary, the growth in non- loanee area was found to be positive and significant in majority of the districts of South Gujarat. Moreover, the variability in loanee and non–loanee area was recorded to be high i.e. that the area under drip in all the districts of South Gujarat region demonstrated to be unstable during the period of study.

Effect of climate and socioeconomic changes on future surface water availability from mountainous water sources in Pakistan's Upper Indus Basin

Pakistan is highly dependent on water resources from the mountainous regions of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), especially for irrigation. An evaluation framework was developed and applied in this study to understand the variability in surface water availability to agricultural and domestic sectors across various future climate and socioeconomic pathways in five catchments within the UIB (Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar, and Shyoke). A planning tool named Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) was used to understand the dynamics of past and future water demands for multiple future scenarios. We combined three different climate scenarios (representative concentration pathways) with socioeconomic scenarios (shared socioeconomic pathways) of economic development and population and local agricultural land development pathways. The results indicate that the external driving forces of climate change and socioeconomic growth will cause a discrepancy between the supply and demand of water resources in regions with higher socioeconomic growth, particularly those with agricultural development as the dominant external factor. Among the five catchments within the UIB, Astore and Gilgit face a water shortfall in all future scenarios, whereas Shyoke will encounter water deficiencies only in the case of agricultural land development. We also demonstrated that the impact of climate change is markedly different in Astore and Gilgit. Over Astore, the impact of precipitation will control the unmet water demands by increasing winter streamflow whereas over Gilgit non-climatic factors, such as population and agricultural growth, will control future unmet water demands.

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

The Mediterranean area is undergoing intensive demographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes. This generates multiple environmental pressures such as increased demand for water resources, generation of pollution related to wastewater discharge, and land consumption. In the Mediterranean area, recent climate change studies forecast large impacts on the hydrologic cycle. Thus, in the next years, surface and ground-water resources will be gradually more stressed, especially in coastal areas. In this review paper, the historical and geographical distribution of peer-review studies and the main mechanisms that promote aquifer salinization in the Mediterranean area are critically discussed, providing the state of the art on topics such as actual saltwater wedge characterization, paleo-salinities in coastal areas, water-rock interactions, geophysical techniques aimed at delineating the areal and vertical extent of saltwater intrusion, management of groundwater overexploitation using numerical models and GIS mapping techniques for aquifer vulnerability to salinization. Each of the above-mentioned approaches has potential advantages and drawbacks; thus, the best tactic to tackle coastal aquifer management is to employ a combination of approaches. Finally, the number of studies focusing on predictions of climate change effects on coastal aquifers are growing but are still very limited and surely need further research.

Measurement and analysis of green water resources efficiency in Jing-Jin-Ji

Jing-Jin-Ji as one of the most serious water shortage areas in China, improving the green efficiency of water resources is the only way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and realize the harmonious development of economy, society and ecology. Based on the Super-SBM model and geographical detector model, this paper measures the green water resources efficiency of Jing-Jin-Ji from 2008 to 2018, and analyzes the spatial and temporal differentiation. The result shows that:The efficiency of green water resources in Jing-Jin-Ji fluctuates in an unstable state, and does not reach the DEA effective state, and there is a big gap between the maximum and minimum efficiency of urban agglomeration.

Water as a factor of economic growth and security in Central Asia: the effects of inaction and benefits of cooperation

The population of Central Asia lives in high-risk areas in terms of water security. Growing population implies an increase in economic activity and demand for water resources; besides that, Improper use of water resources causes a reduction in river flow, drying out of lakes, disappearance of wetlands, the threat of the extinction of the Aral Sea and a decrease in groundwater levels. Such alarming forecasts emphasize the need to abandon previous approaches to the use of water resources, which affects the safety of residents and which depend not only on the technological achievements of science, but also on politics, management and public values. doi.org/10.52536/KS/vol_97_issue_1_A7

Impact of residents’ diet changes on water resource demand in China: From the perspective of nutritional balance

Impact of residents’ diet changes on water resource demand in China: From the perspective of nutritional balance

Sustainability assessment and environmental impacts of water supply systems: a case study in Tampa Bay water supply system

Due to the accelerated industrial and urbanization development, climate change, and increasing populations and life quality expectations, the issue of drinking water shortage has raised much public awareness. The desalination system has been widely applied to accommodate the growing demand for clean water resources despite the continuous concerns about its relatively higher energy consumption and environmental footprints. This research conducted a case study in the Tampa Bay Regional Surface Water Treatment Plant and Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant in Florida, U.S. It analysed the performance and environmental impacts of conventional and desalination water supply systems on three sides: energy consumption, carbon footprint, and solid waste. Potential negative effects of both water supply systems are generally associated with surface water ecology, groundwater aquifers, coastal environment, and marine organisms. Various environmental impact mitigation plans have been proposed to prevent or restore the detriments caused by carbon dioxide emissions, plant construction, and concentrated brine discharge. Due to the deficiency in freshwater resources, desalination technology is more promising through proper regulations and regional sustainable development.

ЕКО-БІО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА СТРАТЕГІЯ ЯК КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

In the article the scientific-theoretical substantiation of priority directions of development of rural territories is carried out. It is determined that the bioeconomy is seen as part of the transition to sustainable rural development, which promotes green and inclusive growth, while going beyond the “natural economy” with low productivity and economies with high consumption of fossil resources, which have reached their limit. It is noted that the process of formation of the bioeconomy involves the transition of the most important industries, including agriculture, to the use of renewable bioresources. The main visions and opportunities of the bioeconomy, in particular for the development of rural areas, developed by specialists of the CAP (General Agricultural Policy) in the EU have been studied. The main ones are the vision of bioresources (substitution), the vision of agricultural innovations and rural development, the vision of international cooperation and development, the vision of bioecology. The main risks associated with the transition to a bioeconomy are analyzed, namely the increase in the load on bioresources, the formation of additional demand and competition, increasing demand for land, water and other natural resources. The main risk associated with the transition to a bioeconomy is that industrialized countries, such as European countries, will maintain their resource-intensive consumption patterns, based on increased net imports of raw bioresources (using the bioeconomy as an excuse to continue doing business in normal mode), while at the same time some countries of the global south remain or become suppliers of these bioresources without advancing to the modern bioeconomy, which includes adding the value of biomass to the supply chain. It has been found that, depending on the context and pathways of the bioeconomy, some of the negative impacts may be even stronger per unit of bio-based products compared to fossil-based products. The implementation of the EU-Ukraine bioeconomic strategy should be supported by a database of information related to the production, processing and (reuse) of bioresources, as well as the benefits gained. It has been shown that a combination of sustainable biomass sources and sustainable agricultural intensification with the support of a coherent policy can increase the availability of bioresources and food security.

Research Status and Countermeasures of photocatalyst in Water Pollution Treatment

With economic development and population growth, the demand for fresh water resources is also increasing. However, affected by sewage discharge from industry, agriculture, mining and domestic, not only the ecological environment and natural resources are seriously damaged, but also the water resources available for people to drink are decreasing day by day. How to improve the water pollution treatment technology has become an urgent task. Because of the high cost and great limitation, the traditional treatment method has no significant effect in water pollution control. As an advanced oxidation technology, photocatalyst can effectively degrade pollutants in water pollution, and has a positive effect on improving water quality, protecting natural resources and maintaining ecological balance.

An Optimization Framework for Solving Integrated Planning and Scheduling Problems for Dense Energy Carriers

Abstract Due to rapid population growth, the global demand of energy and water resources are accelerating. Simultaneously, there is a global trend to transition to renewable energy systems. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate how green dense energy carriers (DECs) can be apart of this transition. In this work, we present an optimization framework for solving large-scale supply chain problems and we apply it to explore the economic and environmental impacts of DECs. Specifically, we look at utilizing DECs to transport renewable energy produced in areas with high solar and wind potentials to regions with low renewable potential. To reduce the computational burden of the large-scale optimization problem, we have developed a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP). The GRASP leverages the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the problem to generate feasible solutions. We have found that the GRASP is able to reduce the computational time by approximately two orders of magnitude as compared to a commercial grade mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver ran out-of-the-box on large-scale instances.

An Analysis on the Trend of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Dongying City, China

Dongying City is located in the northeast of Shandong Province and is the central city of the Yellow River Delta. It has abundant oil and gas resources, vast saline-alkali land area, and saline brine as the main groundwater. Therefore, freshwater resources are poor, as there is a contradiction in the water supply and its demand. Judging the trend of sustainable utilization of water resources in Dongying City has an important role in promoting the local conservation and exploitation of water resources, recycling water resources, and undermining the contradiction between supply and demand of urban water resources. In this paper, 21 indicators have been selected to build the index system for judging the sustainable utilization of water resources. In addition, the DPSIR model is used to evaluate the sustainable utilization trend of water resources in Dongying City from 2005 through 2017. On the other hand, the GM (1, 1) model is considered to predict the sustainable potential-utilization of water resources in Dongying City from 2019 through 2025. The results demonstrated that the sustainable utilization of water resources in Dongying City shows an increasing trend from 2005 to 2017, So that the highest and lowest values are in 2017 and 2005, respectively. In addition, the sustainable potential-utilization of water resources in Dongying City may indicate a continuous upward trend from 2019 through 2025. Rainfall, runoff of the Yellow River and water resources per capita are the main factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources. According to the continuous improvement of residents' awareness of water saving and water-saving level, the development and exploitation of water resources will be more and more reasonable.

Role of IRS-1C in Developing Remote Sensing Applications for Water Management in India

Efficient water management is essential for water and food security leading to socio-economic development. In order to build resilience and achieve water security, planning and management of water resources projects needs to be based on realistic assessment of related aspects. This requires comprehensive, reliable and easily accessible information on demand, availability and utilisation of water resources. Observational capabilities from ground monitoring systems and supplementary/complementary data from satellite remote sensing provide unique opportunities for data integration and value addition supporting water management decisions. While LANDSAT-1 initiated various remote sensing based activities with respect to management of hydrology and water resources across the globe, the launch of Indian remote sensing satellite, IRS-1A in 1988, along with its follow-up satellites, provided fillip to these activities mainly in India. The launch of IRS-1C in December 1995, with unique combination of sensors, has greatly improved extensive utilisation of satellite remote sensing for various facets of water management. This article presents a review of various applications carried out using IRS-1C data while highlighting the capabilities and advantage of IRS-1C sensors achieving significant improvement in mapping water bodies, inventory and monitoring of irrigated crops, irrigation system performance evaluation, assessment of reservoir sedimentation, mapping and monitoring of snow cover, snowmelt runoff forecasting, watershed developmental planning and management, etc.

Usos múltiplos da água por usuários outorgados nas bacias hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe

A demanda crescente por recursos hídricos pode gerar conflitos entre diferentes usuários. Para tal, foram implantados instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos, em especial a outorga de direito de uso, que priorizar os usos múltiplos e racional da água. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar o perfil e a distribuição dos usos de água outorgados em relação aos aspectos socioeconômicos nos municípios que compõem o Comitê das Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe (CBH-AP). Foram analisados dados de outorgas de 58 municípios com dos quais foi elaborada estatística descritiva para a discussão sobre o cenário dos usos múltiplos da água outorgados. Posteriormente os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística de regressão múltipla, na qual foi analisada a relação entre o número de outorgas por município e seus respectivos parâmetros socioeconômicos. Os resultados demonstraram as outorgas nos municípios que compõem a área de abrangência do Comitê das Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Aguapeí e Peixe estão relacionadas principalmente ao uso de águas subterrâneas em áreas rurais. Nos três municípios (Bastos, Dracena e Tupã) concentram 26% das outorgas analisadas. O aumento IDHM e da população, concomitantemente, estimulam o crescimento do número de outorgas. Com isso, verifica-se a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas que colaborem direta ou indiretamente para o aumento da regularização do uso da água.Palavras-chave: Recursos Hídricos; Água Doce; Governança da Água; Oeste Paulista; Políticas Públicas. Multiple uses of water by users granted in the hydrographic basins of the Aguapeí and Peixe rivers A B S T R A C TThe growing demand for water resources can generate conflicts between different users. To this end, water resources management instruments were implemented, in particular the granting of the right to use, which prioritize the multiple and rational use of water. The work was carried out with the objective of analyzing the profile and the distribution of water uses granted in relation to socioeconomic aspects in the municipalities that make up the Hydrographic Basins Committee of the Aguapeí and Peixe Rivers (CBH-AP). Grant data from 58 municipalities with which descriptive statistics were analysed and prepared for the discussion on the scenario of the multiple uses of water granted. Subsequently, the data were given to the multiple regression statistical analysis, in which the relationship between the number of grants per municipality and its socioeconomic parameters was analyzed. The results demonstrated the grants in the municipalities that comprise an area covered by the Hydrographic Basins Committee of the Aguapeí and Peixe rivers are mainly related to the use of groundwater in rural areas. In the three municipalities (Bastos, Dracena and Tupã) concentrate 26% of the analyzed grants. The increase in MHDI and population, at the same time, stimulates the growth in the number of grants. Thus, there is a need to implement public policies that collaborate directly or indirectly to increase the regularization of water use.Keywords: Water resource; Freshwater; Water governance; São Paulo western; Streamflow regionalization; Public Policy.