Housing Demand Research Articles

Housing Market and Household Consumption in Urban China: A Debt Perspective

Urbanization precipitates substantial economic transformations, with housing markets playing a pivotal role. The expansion of cities escalates housing demand, subsequently increasing housing debt, which is a crucial factor influencing household consumption. This study utilizes data from six rounds of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2010 to 2020 to investigate the impact of housing debt on household consumption in urban China. Given the dynamics changes in housing debt status, as well as the endogeneity problems caused by reverse causality and selection bias between households’ debt decisions and consumption behavior, this study employs both the difference-in differences with multiple periods and groups (DIDM) model and the two-way fixed effects model. The results show that the average consumption expenditure of households with housing debt is 14% higher than those without. A 1% increase in housing debt size correlates with a 0.011% rise in consumption. Moreover, this positive effect is more pronounced among low-income households and those with older household heads, as well as those owning multiple properties. Compared to non-durable consumption, the impact of housing debt is more substantial on durable consumption. Further mechanism analysis reveals that the effect of housing debt on household consumption is primarily driven by an increase in housing assets, spurred by the rising housing prices. This study underscores the importance of integrating housing debt management within the framework of sustainable urban development, which not only ensures equitable access to housing but also fosters the promotion of sustainable consumption.

Appraising the Feasibility of 3D Printing Construction in New Zealand Housing

The construction industry in New Zealand is significantly impacted by the importance of housing, particularly as urbanisation continues to grow in major cities. Modern construction methods, such as offsite construction and building automation, evolving into digital manufacturing and construction in the industry, have become prominent. Despite the global recognition of 3D printing technology, its adoption in the construction industry in New Zealand is still relatively limited. This study aims to examine the feasibility of 3D printing construction in response to current market challenges, innovation, and the 2050 net-zero carbon goal. Utilising Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approaches, this study investigated the environmental impacts of three housing types: 3D printing (3DP), light steel framed (LSF), and timber. This study used cradle-to-cradle as the system boundary. The results indicate that the 3DP house emits 20% fewer carbon emissions than the traditional timber house and 25% less than the LSF house. Additionally, the 3DP house exhibits a 19% lower annual electric energy consumption than the timber house. Therefore, in response to the growing housing demand in New Zealand, the construction industry must innovate and embrace digital and advanced construction methods, including the adoption of 3D printing.

DESIGN OF 8-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF WANGGUH APARTMENT PONTIANAK BUILDING WITH COMPARISON OF BEAM REVIEW

The article highlights the pivotal role of housing in Pontianak's economic growth, driven by its status as a regional hub attracting residents for employment, education, and services, leading to a significant demand for housing, including apartments. The study specifically focuses on the detailed design of the Wangguh Apartment Building, emphasizing safety and efficiency in response to urban development needs. The project exemplifies modern urban development efforts by aiming to create sustainable living environments.Additionally, the research compares beam designs in multi-story buildings to optimize structural integrity, stability, and load-bearing capacity while adhering to Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The study emphasizes the importance of seismic considerations given Pontianak's classification as a new earthquake zone, with detailed planning ensuring durability and safety against seismic forces. The process involves site classification, seismic design category determination, and structural system selection, with thorough structural modeling and analysis to meet stringent standards and ensure resilience. The study contributes valuable insights into reinforced concrete design and construction through meticulous calculations and adherence to standards, aiming to enhance future residential projects' effectiveness and sustainability in Pontianak City.

‘People need housing to live in’: precarity and the rental market during tourism gentrification

Numerous studies from the twenty first century underscore how housing challenges have increased in Western countries. This article focuses on the dynamics of renting, showing how housing precarity today is increasingly shaped by transnational mobilities, intersecting with localized policymaking. While these studies have mainly centred on Southern Europe, this article focuses on Iceland, representing a Northern European country. Our analysis shows that policies geared toward tourism inadvertently amplified housing demand and decreased the supply of long-term leasing accommodations. Our qualitative study (n = 27) of renters illustrates the intersectionality of housing regulations with tourism-centric strategies, thereby perpetuating precariousness amongst renters. During the COVID-19 pandemic, renters hesitated to move into newly available units in the market, suspecting that demand for Airbnb rentals would force them to vacate once the pandemic ended. We contend that analyses of rental markets must consider the complex entanglements and frictions of global environments – characterized by transnational mobilities – and local histories in shaping experiences and notions of precarity.

THE INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION TO THE WATER INFILTRATION ZONE ON BANYUMANIK SUB-DISTRICT, SEMARANG CITY, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

The high growth of developed land in the Banyumanik Sub-District, especially in residential and commercial areas, occurred due to the high demand for housing, lifestyle fulfillment, and speculation and investment by the upper-middle-class society. The reduction or loss of land with vegetation cover in the Banyumanik Sub-District increases the potential for flooding due to more significant surface runoff than water absorption during heavy rainfall. This research used integrated spatial analysis to generate information on the critical level of water infiltration in the research area using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Both primary and secondary data collected will be compiled and subjected to spatial analysis to address the issues at hand. The weight of each parameter class produced by the AHP method is used for modeling and includes infiltration rate, land use, slope, and lithology parameters. The criticality level of the water infiltration zone in the southern part of Banyumanik Sub-District indicates that the water infiltration condition in the research area consists of good class at 13.589%, naturally normal at 18.405%, started to be critical at 16.114%, slightly critical at 20.764%, critical at 18.286%, and very critical at 12.841%. Changes in land use in the research area have become the primary factors causing alterations in the water infiltration conditions. Infiltration wells are one of the solutions to mitigate runoff as part of sustainable rainwater management. The government plays a crucial role as a policymaker in making decisions to address issues related to urban area development towards sustainable development.

Environmental performance of eco‐design strategies applied to the building sector

AbstractThe application of eco‐design principles in the building sector is considered a promising way to mitigate its substantial environmental impacts. However, quantitative evidence for this mitigation potential is lacking. The objective of this study was to quantify the environmental performance of diverse eco‐design strategies when applied to the building sector. A macroscale model capable of simulating the future demand for housing and related material flows within the urban building stock was developed based on an existing building stock model. These material flows were used to build inventories for a consequential life cycle assessment and, in turn, to quantify the potential environmental consequences of introducing eco‐design strategies in the building sector, assessed across 16 impact categories. Model outputs have a high level of uncertainty but are still useful for decision‐making, given the model's simplicity and transparency. The main results show that impact reductions can be obtained from specific uses of wood and wooden products, for example, when used for the walls in high‐rise buildings, whereas using hempcrete for partition walls increases the impact. Although the use of adaptability or disassembly strategies can reduce impacts, this pay‐off can only be obtained after a long period of implementation. In summary, the present study provides new quantitative insights into the ability of eco‐design strategies to mitigate environmental impacts in the building sector.

Housing debt and depressive symptoms: evidence from the China family panel studies

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on the association between housing debt and depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to examine the impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms and explore the heterogeneous impacts arising from two sources of housing debt and two types of housing demands.MethodsUsing data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study included 25,232 Chinese individuals. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Housing debt was measured by dummy variables, indicating whether an individual had housing debt, and continuous variables, which were the logarithm of the total amount of housing debt. The two-way fixed effects model was used to examine the relationship.ResultsHousing debt had a significant positive impact on depressive symptoms in China. Individuals with housing debt had a 0.176-point higher depressive symptom score than those without housing debt. A 10% increase in the total amount of housing debt led to a 0.16-point increase in depressive symptoms. Non-bank housing loans significantly increased the level of depressive symptoms with a larger coefficient (coef = 0.289), while the impact of bank housing loans was small and not statistically significant. In terms of the types of housing demands, a positive impact was observed only among individuals who had only one property meeting their housing consumption demands.ConclusionsThis study found a significant positive impact of housing debt on depressive symptoms, primarily driven by non-bank housing loans. Furthermore, housing debt increased the depressive symptoms among individuals with consumption demands, while those with investment demands did not show a significant impact. Government interventions should prioritize easing formal financial constraints and providing support for individuals with housing consumption demands.

A Study on the Impact of Financial Regulation on the Relationship between Housing Demand and House Affordability

A Study on the Impact of Financial Regulation on the Relationship between Housing Demand and House Affordability

Investigation of groundwater availability and geoelectric analysis to anticipate the scarcity of clean water in urban areas

The need for housing makes suburban areas of Jakarta such as Tangerang Regency, Indonesia, a location that continues to grow. AG Housing is a developer in the area that continues to build housing. In housing development, it is very important to pay attention to the magnitude of water needs, both domestic water needs and non-domestic water needs. A problem that often occurs is that housing developers do not take into account the long-term water needs of their residents, especially in water-scarce areas. Developers often do not check the condition and location of water content in the soil, resulting in water drilling being inefficient and wasteful. The aim of this research is to predict the clean water needs of residents of a housing complex and assess the condition of the water supply below the ground surface using the properties of electric current by flowing DC electric current. The method used in this research is a survey method and geoelectric analysis. This approach involves harnessing the characteristics of electrical current and directing it into the earth. Geoelectric measurements took a sample of 19 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) measurement points with North South and East West trajectories in the area. The research results show that there will be an increase in population and an increase in water demand in TA Housing in the next 20 years. Geoelectrical analysis shows the type of soil and rock below the ground surface that will be used as a housing location. Geoelectric testing showed 8 potential points as drilled well locations with a sand layer thickness of between 36.26 m – 62.28 m, while the depth from the ground surface was between 1.01 m – 70.00 m.

Apartment with Social Interaction Approach in West Jakarta

This research departs from problems related to the high demand for housing and limited land in Jakarta, which makes it difficult for Jakarta residents to have a place to live, which is affected by rising house prices that are disproportionate to income. apartments can be a solution to this problem, because apartments do not require as much land as housing, apart from that apartments here are expected to be the answer to vertical housing in the city of Jakarta that is adequate and safe for residents of Jakarta with easy access to public transport, schools, hospitals, shopping centres, etc. Apartments as a high-rise residential environment could result in social isolation, social disruption and anonymity for its residents, where these problems are related to the issue of social sustainability, so that by implementing social interaction which is part of social sustainability in apartment design it is hoped that it can answer these problems because social interaction can increasing social cohesion, a sense of community and promote social welfare. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data from literature studies, questionnaires and comparative studies. The results of this study discuss architectural indicators that can accommodate social interaction and architectural indicators of social interaction that are applied to apartment buildings.

Assessment of Residential Satisfaction using Gap Analysis: A Case Study in Naypyitaw City, Myanmar

This research paper conducts an evaluation of residential satisfaction within government-provided four-storied apartment complexes situated in civil-servant housing areas in Naypyitaw City, Myanmar. As the construction of these apartment buildings continues to address the housing demands of civil servants, comprehending the determinants of residents' contentment becomes paramount. The study encompasses data collected from 500 households through structured questionnaires employing a multi-cluster sampling approach. These questionnaires utilize a five-point Likert Scale format to gauge residents' levels of importance and satisfaction. Gap Analysis is employed to scrutinize the gathered data, ultimately identifying seven pivotal attributes that hold the potential to substantially enhance residential satisfaction. These attributes encompass ceiling height, apartment layout plan, room and corridor dimensions, quantity of rooms, staircase design, neighborhood relations, and proximity to police stations. Based on these revelations, recommendations are tendered, advocating the modification and reevaluation of these attributes in forthcoming housing developments. This underscores the imperative need for creating a livable city by ensuring the provision of essential services in closed proximity to residential areas.

DETERMINAN PERMINTAAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA MATARAM

A place to live or a house is a necessary necessity in living human daily life. Mataram City is the capital of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province and is one of the centers of economic growth, with a high population growth rate compared to 10 other districts/cities in NTB. This population growth causes the demand for housing/own houses or property rights to be very high, but on the other hand, land is getting narrower and more expensive, resulting in house prices becoming expensive and this has a big impact on people who are less fortunate in terms of their income. To meet the demand for housing from the community, we encourage developers to build housing with various types/models that are tailored to the income and desires of the community. The aim of the research is to analyze the influence of population, per capita income and inflation on housing demand in Mataram City. This research uses secondary data obtained from BPS Mataram City, BPS NTB Province, NTB Housing Statistics and other data sources relevant to this research. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model with panel data and using the Eviews 12 calculation tool. The results of the study showed that the results of the multiple linear regression using the OLS method were found to have two variables that had a significant effect, namely the population and GRDP variables, while the inflation variable had an effect not significant.

Socialization of the Sustainable Construction Management Budget through Community Service in the Mekarsari Boarding House Construction Project

Sustainable construction management has become an important issue in this modern era due to limited natural resources, climate change and environmental problems. One construction sector that has great potential for implementing sustainable development principles is boarding houses. The demand for affordable and comfortable boarding houses continues to increase along with population growth and urbanization. However, unsustainable boarding house construction can have a negative impact on the environment and public health. Socialization of the sustainable construction management budget for the Mekarsari boarding house construction project through community service aims to introduce sustainable practices to relevant stakeholders. In the implementation method, identifying weaknesses, training, community formation, evaluation, and knowledge dissemination are key steps. The results of this community service include increasing the knowledge of project partners, forming a community that cares about sustainable development, and implementing sustainable practices in boarding house construction projects. Even though there are challenges, such as paradigm changes and regulatory complexity, this community service has great potential to become an inspiring example in the construction industry. The importance of continuing support for sustainable practices, increasing knowledge dissemination, realizing regulations, integrating technological innovation, and promoting cross-sector collaboration. By following these suggestions, this project can have a greater impact in driving positive change in the construction industry towards more sustainable development.

수도권 부동산 규제와 개인 소유권

Stabilizing the real estate market and protecting individual ownership are emerging as important tasks in modern society. In particular, there are concerns about instability in the real estate market in the metropolitan area due to rising prices and lack of housing supply and demand, and government regulatory policies are being implemented to resolve this. However, regulations often limit private ownership, so an appropriate response is needed. Accordingly, this study investigates the impact of regulations in the metropolitan real estate market on individual ownership and proposes market stabilization through deregulation. To this end, we analyze the problems and directions for improvement in current regulations and seek ways to strengthen the protection of private ownership. In addition, it presents policy directions that harmonize deregulation and ownership protection for the healthy development of the real estate market. Through this, it is expected to provide the government and related organizations with useful suggestions for the healthy development of the real estate market.

Revitalizing the Indian Real Estate Industry: An Exploratory Study on Mitigating Developer Challenges in a Post-Pandemic World

India's real estate industry is now a vital part of the country's economy, contributing around 50% of its GDP. However, the developers in the real estate sector need help to meet the growing demand for housing and infrastructure. These include the unavailability of land, lack of access to funds, high reliance on physical labour, rising construction material costs, and approval and procedural delays. This paper examines these challenges and their root causes, providing insights on how to address them. It further discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector. It also discusses various government schemes and policies affecting the real estate sector including the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, and the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. To further support the sector’s growth, the paper proposes measures such as increasing access to finance, streamlining approval processes, and promoting the use of technology to reduce reliance on physical labour. This paper shall analyse the Indian real estate sector’s challenges, its impact on the country’s economy, and recommendations for sustainable growth.

주택수요와 주택구매력 차이의 결정요인에 대한 연구

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the main determinants of the gap between housing demand and house affordability. Design/methodology/approach - This study used the micro-level data of 60,043 households from Korea Housing-Finance Corporation by covering the period 2011 to 2022. Findings - First, the trend of general housing demand showed a higher figure in the future demand than in current demand. And such a tendency showed in all types of households, a relative young, low income, and single households. In the case of current housing demand, it has increased by 2022 from the beginning of 2013, while the future demand has rapidly increased from 2020. Second, although the house affordability showed a higher figure in current housing demand by 2019, its trend changed to be higher in future housing demand from 2020 by a rapid decreasing affordbility in current demand. In the case of young householders, the current house affordability was higher than that of future. The figure of low income householders was below 1 point in both periods, and house affordability of single householders showed a similar level in both periods. which showed over 1 point. Third, financial regulation on housing markets induced th widening of the gap between housing demand and house affordability, and such a trend is much atronger in the future(potential) gap of demand and affordability. More specifically, the strengthen financial regulation leaded to the widening of the gap in all types of households, a relative young, low income, and single households. Research implications or Originality - The effect of financial regulation is necessary to consider under the features of each households.

A Research on Evaluation Index System of High Quality Housing

After decades of rapid development, China's real estate industry is transforming from large-scale to high-quality development. The outline of the national 14th Five-Year Plan and the introduction of macro-control policies such as "three red lines" and "centralized land supply" have formed a consensus on improving the quality of housing in a wider range, which all point to the same direction, that is, real estate should return to the property of people's livelihood and pay attention to people-oriented and high-quality development. Residents' housing concept has undergone a major change, putting forward higher requirements for residence satisfaction, and the demand for housing has also shifted from quantity to quality. High-quality housing has become an inevitable trend in the development of residential construction. According to the requirements of high-quality development of housing construction, this paper explores and studies the evaluation index system of high-quality housing from the perspective of residents' feelings to help improve the overall happiness index of residents.

House price prediction using machine learning

The role of the real estate industry in economic development and social progress reflects the economic well-being of individuals and regions. With the increase of people's income level, the demand for housing is also increasing. Therefore, making a more accurate house price forecast will help people make the most correct strategy to buy a house when they need it. This study focuses on house price prediction in King County, Washington, a diverse real estate market. Leveraging machine learning models such as linear regression, random forest, neural networks and XGBoost, these supervised learning models are used to delve into house price forecasting. This research includes random forest and XGBoost, are implemented using Scikit-Learn tools. Besides, the Feedforward Neural Network is introduced with the drop out layer in order to reduce the occurrence of model fitting situations. The findings reveal that XGBoost achieves the highest accuracy, making it well-suited for precise price predictions. Additionally, the research identifies grade, sqft_living, and latitude as the three most influential features significantly affecting house prices within the dataset.

Unleashing the real estate market: assessing the impact of relaxed housing purchase restriction policy on house prices in China

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of the relaxed housing purchase restriction (RHPR) policy on house prices in China, using panel data from 41 cities between January 2021 and June 2022. The study finds that the RHPR policy has a positive effect on the existing housing market, contributing to its stabilization. However, the impact on new house prices is unclear. Mechanism analysis indicates that the policy effectively boosts house demand and fosters positive market expectations. The study also finds that the policy has a greater impact on second-tier and northern cities. Additionally, the research indicates that the policy has stimulated house demand among non-registered populations and in non-restricted purchase zones. These results emphasize the importance of timely adjustment and optimization of real estate policies to maintain a stable and sustainable market.

How social media marketing impact the apartment purchase intention of Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City

This study has been designed to determine the impact of social media marketing on Gen Z's apartment purchasing intention. The huge proportion of Gen Z who are going to join the workforce shows that they have a significant contribution to the housing demand in Vietnam, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. A sample of 157 people who were born between the year 1996 to 2012 with an average monthly income of 20 million VND, living in Ho Chi Minh City has been drawn randomly. The personal information of the participants is collected through a demographic information sheet. A questionnaire is used to identify which social media marketing attributes affect the behavior toward apartment purchasing, therefore measuring how social media channels influence Gen Z's apartment purchase decision in Ho Chi Minh City. Research results show that the impact of E-Word-of-Mouth, Online advertisement, and Online community on the apartment purchase intent of Gen Z’s customers.