Demand For Green Products Research Articles

Scenario-based Simulation for Energy Optimization in Learning Factory Environments

Caused by the constantly rising energy prices and the demand for green products, the manufacturing industry has to increasingly deal with the topic of energy optimization. Thus, the focus is shifting to the improvement of production facilities in order to minimize resource consumption. When planning a more energy efficient production, it is advisable to set up a continuous monitoring system on the existing equipment to get an insight into the prevailing energy consumption. Based on this, optimization potentials can be identified. Different possibilities for increasing energy efficiency already exist, including e.g. the use of more efficient equipment or the optimal use of the facility. However, realistic assessments of saving potentials are a big challenge. In this paper, a virtual model of a learning factory is created to assess a realistic energy consumption profile. Using currently measured energy data and possible investment activities, scenarios for energy optimization in the assembly line are generated. By evaluating the scenarios using the virtual model, realistic saving potentials can be determined and evaluated, enabling investment planning to be strategically improved through the consideration of energy efficiency.

Green Supply Chain Decisions Under Different Power Structures: Wholesale Price vs. Revenue Sharing Contract.

In the market, once consumers have a low-carbon preference, they will choose green low-carbon products. The market demand for green products is not only related to product price, but also consumers’ low-carbon preference. In this way, enterprise has to consider the cost of carbon emissions in the process of production and operation. In this paper, we consider a two-level supply chain system composed of a manufacturer and a retailer. The supply chain system can determine the price of products and the level of carbon emission reduction through different supply chain contracts: wholesale price contract and revenue sharing contract. However, the power control structure of a manufacturer and a retailer is different, which will further affect the decision-making strategy of the supply chain system. We set up four models (Wholesale Price—NM and NR, and Revenue-Sharing—SR and SM) of the supply chain with carbon emission reduction, and calculated and analyzed. The results show that firstly, regardless of whether the manufacturer’s power control structure or the retailer power structure is dominant, the manufacturer wholesale price with a contract on revenue-sharing is always higher than on wholesale price, and it is inversely proportional to the revenue-sharing proportion. Secondly, under the two power control structures, the carbon emission level of the manufacturer with a contract on revenue-sharing is always lower than on wholesale price, and it gradually decreases with the increase of the revenue-sharing proportion of the manufacturers. Thirdly, when the retailer dominates the supply chain, the retailer selling price with a contract on revenue-sharing is always higher than on wholesale price. Under the manufacturer’s power control structure, when the revenue-sharing ratio is small, the retailer selling price with a contract on revenue-sharing is higher than on wholesale price; when the revenue-sharing ratio is large, the retailer selling price with a contract on revenue-sharing is lower than on wholesale price. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by an example, and the sensitivity of the parameters is analyzed.

PROBLEMS OF STATISTICAL STUDY OF “GREEN ECONOMICS” AND GREEN GROWTH POTENTIALS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT

The purpose of the research. The research subject purpose is theoretical and practical aspects of the statistical assessment of the green economy potential in the sustainable development context. The methods. The article is based on the categories of theoretical (hypothesis, concept, theory, problem) and empirical (facts, empirical summarizations, empirical dependences) level of the issue, distinctive features of which are: objectivity; categorical character; rationality; testability; high level of generalization; universality and use of special tools and methods of cognition. General scientific and special methods of research are used to achieve the article’s purpose and solve its problems, namely: methods of analysis, abstraction and synthesis, induction and deduction, and system structuring method; hypothetico-deductive method; method of historical and logical integrity; method of idealization; methods of classification and system generalization; statistical methods. Considering that further “greening” of socio-economic indicators constitutes a vital problem remaining on the agenda of global and national institutes of development, the article’s objective is to develop an integral approach to the revision of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) built by the UN approach, through comparing existing approaches to the statistical assessment of the green economy state and the green growth potential, taking into account the proposed energy indices and indicators. Results. It is demonstrated that because none of the integral indicators of “green economy” development has been widely adopted by now, national and international statistics have no grounds for separating green goods and services as a specific sector of the national economy. Practical implications. The System of Environmental- Economic Accounting (SEEA) has been adopted as a basic tool for the assessment of indicators reflecting the causal links between the economy and the environment. It is substantiated that most part of the data for measuring green growth processes has to be possibly collected by SEEA. Value/originality. The importance of the assessment of the dynamics of national economy greening is demonstrated, because this type of analysis enables one to assess the change in the environmental impact of the new economic model by analyzing the factors and identifying most effective methods for decreasing environmental pressures of economic activities. The advantage of such assessment is that it can be made on the basis of the available statistical data. Considering that energy indices and indicators are widely used in many international reporting systems to assess the state of green economy and the potential of green growth in the sustainable development context, we made an attempt to systematize all the indicators by the two main groups: direct and indirect. It is revealed that international organizations (ОЕСР, UNEP and the World Bank) attempt to unify the existing approaches in constructing their own algorithms for the assessment of “green growth”, in particular with the indicators of Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, national statistical agencies attempt to build a set of statistical indicators for the assessment of green economy development as indicators of demand for green products. It is demonstrated that harmonized definitions of economic activities concerned with the green industry and green jobs and comparable key indicators, if used internationally, will enable for the statistical assessment of the green economic development in space and time.

Logic vs Aesthetic: The Effect of Environmental Claim and Visual Design in Green Advertising

<p>The surge in demand for green products leads to rampant practice of “greenwashing”, in which marketers deceitfully try to position their brand as more eco-friendly than it actually is. Past studies on green advertisements have indicated that visual cues in the advertisements can also play a part in affecting consumers’ evaluation of the product and its eco-friendly feature. This study was conducted to examine the effect of two essential elements in a green advertisement, which are the overall visual aesthetic quality of the advertisement and verbal environmental claim. The study was conducted using an experimental vignette method. Two hundred seventy-six respondents participated in this study. Through MANOVA statistical analysis, it was found that both aesthetic quality and environmental claim type used significantly affect green brand associations, as well as the attitude respondents, have towards the brand. However, this significant effect of ads visual aesthetic quality can be concerning since it might hinder consumers to objectively evaluate the environmental claim of the product.</p>

ÇEVRESEL DUYARLILIĞIN YEŞİL MARKA TERCİHİ VE YEŞİL SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Today, green product awareness has increased with the increase of environmentally conscious consumers. The consumers who are sensitive to the environment give more importance to green products in the marketing activities in the enterprises due to the greater demand for green products. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of consumers' environmental sensitivity on green brand preference and green product buying behavior. SPSS 18 and AMOS 20 program were used to analyze the data. The ecological dimension of environmental sensitivity indicates green brand preference (β = 0.70; p <0.05); personal dimension was found to affect green brand preference (β = 0.54; p <0.05) and behavioral dimension affected green brand preference (β = 0.74; p <0.05). Furthermore, it was concluded that green brand preference had an effect on green buying behavior (β = 0.84; p <0.05).

Factors Behind Dissuasion to Green Products Among Young Consumers: A Qualitative Study

The current estimated market share for green consumption is less than five percent worldwide, therefore it is very important to understand the factors that stimulate non green consumption among young consumers since this can promote environmental thinking at an early age and also to increase the demand for green products. In these circumstances, emerging countries like India have contributed very less to the consumption of green products and environmental effects. India is among the fastest growing economies in the world. With the increase in population as well as in disposable income, India is expected to see a growth in green consumption. However, that does not seem to be the case. Although, consumption of products is widely prevalent in India and has been growing steadily over the years, the same is not seen with regards to green products in particular. The present paper attempts to investigate the factors for less consumption of green products in the emerging market of India. 31 college students aged 21-25 years participated in the study. An unstructured interview technique was employed to find out the reasons for less consumption of green products among young Indian consumers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four main themes namely incomprehension, extortionate, limited product range and non-availability emerged out of the study. The implications of these results for policy makers are discussed at the end of the paper.

Proposing a Value Field Model for Predicting Homebuyers’ Purchasing Behavior of Green Residential Buildings: A Case Study in China

Understanding the motivations that stimulate homebuyers’ green purchasing behavior can increase market demand for green products, especially considering the comparably low market share of green products worldwide. In this context, various studies have been conducted examining consumers’ intentions to pay for green products. Nevertheless, there is still limited research on evaluating homebuyers’ purchasing behavior toward green residential buildings. This study argues that the value of green residential buildings (GRBs) affects their adoption, and thus exerts an invisible force on homebuyers’ purchasing behavior. It also finds that field theory provides a scientific perspective on this phenomenon. Thus, this paper proposes a value field model for evaluating homebuyers’ GRB purchasing behavior based on physical field theory and psychology field theory. In particular, physical field theory provides the measurement formula, while psychological field theory explains the effect of the force stimulating homebuyers’ purchasing intention, and ultimately influencing their purchasing behavior. The initial model consisted of a field source (green perceived value), target charge (GRB demand), distance (psychological distance), and value field factor. As the value field factor was calculated to be approximately equal to 1, the final model is a composite of a field source (green perceived value), target charge (GRB demand), and distance (psychological distance). The results validate the construction of the value field model on the basis of field theory. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by analyzing GRB value and provides a clearer understanding of how GRBs and the environment combine to fulfill homebuyers’ requirements and influence their GRB purchasing behavior.

Green Demand as a Factor and Condition of the Economy Ecological Modernization

National and foreign analysts assess by common consent the demand for green products as the most important factor and condition determining the depth and speed of economy greening processes. From this viewpoint, the analysis of the processes forming green demand in the country is of great interest. The role of the tourism industry in the global economy and in the processes of transition to the green economic growth model defines the importance of the impact analysis of dynamic aggregate green demand for economy greening in the regions with recreation and tourism specialization. The article shows the results of studying the components of aggregate demand for the main institutional economic entities: households, state and corporations. The paper analyzes the factors and conditions of its forming. A special focus is on the problems of forming green demand for tourism industry products. The low level of aggregate green demand in Russia is substantiated in the conclusion. This proves the fact that economic entities are not ready to change their behavior in production and consumption processes in order to reduce negative effect on the environment and requires urgent measures for the formation and efficient application of green demand stimulating devices and the environmental transformation of the economy. The results of analyzing the conditions and dynamics of forming aggregate green demand give much better sense of the mechanism of economy ecological modernization in general and its separate sectors and form a methodological basis for the determination of its structure and functions.

Cost-sharing strategy for carbon emission reduction and sales effort: A nash game with government subsidy

We investigate the cost-sharing strategies of a retailer and a manufacturer in a Nash game considering government subsidy, consumers' green preference and retailer's sales effort. We provide a function to describe the demand for green products considering the effect of green preference of consumers and the sales effort of the retailer. Next, we construct profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer considering government subsidy for four scenarios: no sharing of cost (NSC), sharing of carbon emission reduction cost (SCERC), sharing of sales effort cost (SSEC), and sharing both carbon emission reduction cost and sales effort cost (SBC). Furthermore, we determine the optimal policies of price, sales effort level, wholesale price and carbon emission reduction effort level for the four scenarios by maximizing the profits of the manufacturer and the retailer in the Nash game. We find that the sales effort cost-sharing ratio and the carbon emission reduction cost-sharing ratio can affect the optimal policies of the manufacturer and the retailer, and the trends and extent of effects may be different. Our results show that it is advantageous for the manufacturer and the retailer to consider the cost-sharing effects of sales effort and carbon emission reduction effort, and the optimal policies of the retailer and the manufacturer are different for different scenarios.

Rebound effects and green growth – An examination of their relationship in a parsimonious equilibrium input-output-framework

Attempts to curb pollution or reduce resource consumption while maintaining growth and thus to achieve what is often referred to as green growth are frequently compromised by rebound effects. That is, the reduction of emissions or resource consumption is less than what would be expected from a technical perspective. Rebound effects may occur because greater efficiency makes the use of a resource cheaper in economic terms and thereby more widespread, or because the demand for green products induces additional demand for brown products. The focus of the present research is to examine from a theoretical-cum-simulation perspective the latter aspect, and the resulting possibility that firms may invest in additional capacity for producing brown rather than green products, even if, initially, there is increasing demand for green products. Such effects could be termed macro-level rebound effects in that there occurrence and significance depends on the properties of the production system as a whole. The purpose of the paper is to develop a parsimonious framework, combining a simple input-output model with some standard macroeconomic relationships between savings, consumption and investment within which macroeconomic rebound effects can be analysed. In doing so, the paper purports to show, undertaking a Monte-Carlo study, that in a broad range of technological configurations, green growth may be feasible in the sense that macroeconomic rebound effects are unlikely to occur. However, depending on the structure of the economy (i.e. depending on the extent to which sectors are green) this result must be qualified: the more sectors exist where green capital is equally productive, the higher is the likelihood of rebound effects. Moreover, it is mainly the productivity of using a good for its own production which determines the likelihood of rebound: The lower the productivity, the higher the likelihood that an increase in the production of that capital good will be eaten up to a large extent by the resulting input requirements of the same industry.

GREEN CONCEPT EVALUATION THROUGH FUZZY AHP-PROMETHEE II

The demand for green products have dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more last two decades. As a result of this, especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products, resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options. The need for the practical decision making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving due to the fact that the problem turns into a multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria. Therefore; in this paper, the four popular MCDM methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of DMs, because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs. Of these methods; as Fuzzy AHP is used to calculate criteria weights, the other method; Fuzzy PROMETHEE II is used to rank alternatives. Furthermore, the incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study.

Exploring consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market: The role of consumers’ perceived readiness

AbstractConsumers’ awareness of green products has increased in the last few years, but studies show that the demand for green products has been stagnant. The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of consumers’ perceived readiness to be green and subsequently, how readiness to be green affects consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market, Indonesia. A total of 916 survey responses were collected in three universities, two major shopping malls and several housing areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings reveal that consumers’ attitude (ATT), subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), pro‐environmental self‐identity (PEI), ethical obligation and consumers’ readiness to be green are the determinants of intention to purchase green products. Consumers’ readiness to be green mediates the effects of ATT, PBC, PEI and perceived sense of responsibility on purchase intention. The study provides further insights into the discrepancy between professed positive attitudes towards the environment and the slow uptake of green behaviour in an emerging market.

Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS approaches to prioritizing solutions for reverse logistics barriers

Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS method are proposed.The case of Thailands electronics industry is used in the proposed method.Technological barriers are the highest weightage barrier for RL practices.Infrastructural barriers are the lowest weightage barrier for RL practices.Top management awareness and support is the highest ranking value of solutions. Due to an increasing demand for green products and also pressures from customers and other players along the supply chain, which now pay more attention to environmental awareness and sustainable management, many companies especially in the electronics industry have begun to realize the importance of applying green supply chain management concepts into their activities; reverse logistics (RL) practice is one of the important strategies to provide efficient resource utilization and minimize waste from end of life (EOL) products by following legislation and green concepts. But recently reverse logistics practices are faced with some barriers which make the implementation of reverse logistics difficult and unsuccessful. To increase efficiency in reverse logistics adaptation of the electronics industry, companies need to understand and consider the priorities of both barriers and solutions for developing policies and strategies to overcome these barriers. Therefore, this study focused on the classification of reverse logistics barriers and ranking of both barriers and solutions of reverse logistics implementation in the electronics industry. This paper proposes a methodology based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) in which fuzzy AHP is applied to get the weights of each barrier by using pairwise comparison, and fuzzy TOPSIS is applied for the final ranking of the solutions of reverse logistics implementation. The case of Thailands electronics industry is used in the proposed method. To illustrate the robustness of the method, sensitivity analysis is used in this study.

Green innovation and organizational performance: The influence of big data and the moderating role of management commitment and HR practices

Faced with internal and external pressure to adapt and implement environmental friendly business activities, it is becoming crucial for firms to identify practices that enhance their competitive advantage, economic, and environmental performance. Green innovation, green technologies, and the implementation of green supply chain management are examples of such practices. Green innovation and the adoption of the combination of green product innovation and green process innovation involve reduction in consumption of energy and pollution emission, recycling of wastes, sustainable utilization of resources, and green product designs.Although the extent research in this area is substantial, research on the importance of considering corporate environmental ethics, stakeholders view of green product, and demand for green products as drivers of green innovation must be conducted. Moreover, the role of large scale data, management commitment, and human resource practices play to overcome the technological challenges, achieve competitive advantage, and enhance the economic and environmental performance have yet to be addressed. This paper develops and tests a holistic model that depicts and examines the relationships among green innovation, its drivers, as well as factors that help overcome the technological challenges and influence the performance and competitive advantage of the firm. This paper is among the first works to deal with such a complex framework which considers the interrelationships among numerous constructs and their effects on competitive advantage as well as overall organizational performance. A questionnaire was designed to measure the influence of green innovation adoption/implementation and its drivers on performance and competitive advantage while taking into consideration the impact of management commitment and HR practices, as well as the use of large data on these relationships. Data collected from a sample of 215 respondents working in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and Golf-Cooperation Countries (GCC) were used to test the proposed relationships. The proposed model proved to be fit. The hypotheses were supported, and implications were discussed.

A consumption value-gap analysis for sustainable consumption.

Recent studies on consumption behavior have depicted environmental apprehension resulting from across wide consumer segments. However, this has not been widely reflected upon the growth in the market shares for green or environment-friendly products mostly because gaps exist between consumers' expectations and perceptions for those products. Previous studies have highlighted the impact of perceived value on potential demand, consumer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The necessity to understand the effects of gaps in expected and perceived values on consumers' behavioral intention and potential demand for green products cannot be undermined as it shapes the consumers' inclination to repeated purchase and consumption and thus foster potential market demand. Pertaining to this reason, the study aims to adopt a consumption value-gap model based on the theory of consumption values to assess their impact on sustainable consumption behavior and market demand of green products. Consumption value refers to the level of fulfillment of consumer needs by assessment of net utility derived after effective comparison between the benefits (financial or emotional) and the gives (money, time, or energy). The larger the gaps the higher will be the adversarial impact on behavioral intentions. A structural equation modeling was applied to assess data collected through questionnaire survey. The results indicate that functional value-gap and environmental value-gap has the most adversarial impact on sustainable consumption behavior and market demand for green products.

Effect of integration of green constructs and traditional constructs of brand on green purchase intention of customers

The urgent concerns for environmental issues and growing demand for green products have made companies pay much more attention to green marketing. Although, many companies invest in green marketing, but not all of them gain as much as they invest. Most of failures of investments in green marketing are rooted in the fact that customers doubt both the real green performance of these products and the real intention of companies regarding green products. This research, being quantitative in nature, attempts to investigate the impact of traditional branding constructs (perceived quality of the brand, credibility of the brand) and green branding constructs (perceived value of a green brand, the green brand image, and brand equity) on the green purchase intention of customers. The hypotheses have been developed in the form of a conceptual model to investigate the relationship of these constructs. The research focuses on consumers of certain liquid washing detergent products. All the data were collected using questionnaires and the analysis of the data was conducted utilizing LISREL 8 and SPSS 16. The results indicate that perceived brand quality has a positive impact on the perceived value of a green brand, brand credibility, and brand image. In addition, green brand value and green brand image have a positive impact on brand equity. This research can serve as validation of the constructs to fi ll the gap in the investigation of green brand dimensions. Further analysis shows that green brand equity has a meaningful impact on the green purchase intention of the customers, however the impact of brand credibility on brand equity has not been proved.

Using Donations to the Green Party to Measure Community Environmentalism

This paper presents empirical evidence that measures of community environmentalism based on donations to the Green Party are predictive of the demand for green products and policies at the zip code and county levels in the United States. The primary measure of community environmentalism in the existing literature is the share of Green Party registered voters, which is publicly available for California only. Measures based on donations to the Green Party are similar in spirit to shares of Green Party registered voters, but the data are publicly available for all areas in the United States.

Factors of green purchasing behaviour

People in developed societies are increasingly aware of threats modern consumerism might represent to the natural environment. As a result, consumers understand the importance of more responsible attitudes towards environment as well, which is reflected in their purchasing decisions. Providers of green products implement marketing communication to inform the consumers about their products as well as promote or encourage the purchase. Consumers' attitudes towards the use of green high technology might also have an influence on their decisions about the possible purchase of such products as well as the demand for green products. In our study we investigate the extent: 1) consumers' attitudes towards environment; 2) their environmentally related behaviour reflecting the values in a society in which they live; 3) marketing support provided by the green manufacturers; 4) consumers' attitudes towards the use of high green technology, affect purchase decisions of a modern consumer.

Is Your Product Really Green? A Content Analysis to Reassess Green Advertising

This article investigates the changes in green advertising by conceptually replicating and extending Carlson, Grove, and Kangun's 1993 study. A content analysis of 433 unique ads from 18 magazine titles published in 2009 and 2010 demonstrates that advertisers attempted to address growing public concern for the environment and the demand for green products and services as emerge from the analyses of the ads' target, objective, and the executional elements. Contrary to Carlson, Grove, and Kangun's findings, the majority of environmental claims were deemed acceptable, implying a trend toward more trustworthy and reliable green advertising.

Surveying of Importance of Green Marketing Compared Purchase Budget and Preferred Brand when Buying by AHP Method

Competition among green factories increased due to significant changes in demand for green products. Current project has been done to make a comprehensive comparison between green marketing mix, with common factors influencing purchase decision of consumers, such as purchase budget, and brand preference. The participants of the present study were all citizens of Shiraz city. By using Krejcie and Morgan table and casual method, the researchers selected a population of 384 with respect to the proportional size of eleven municipality region of Shiraz. Decision tree of this project designed based on theoretical studies on green marketing mix, and consumer buy green. Based on this, we designed questioner paired comparison, and then data have been collected. Analytic Hierarchy Process (Super Decision) was used to analyze the data. Therefore, statistical analysis showed that all the elements of marketing mix showed priority to purchase budget, and brand preference. These data also showed a priority of consumer are, green products, green price, the green activities promote, green distribution, purchase budget, and brand preference. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p388