Demand For Dairy Products Research Articles

Detection of the Presence of Reconstituted Milk in Raw Milk and in Pasteurized Milk Using Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The increasing demand for dairy products has led to the adulteration of milk with reconstituted milk. This may be a problem for unsuspecting consumers. In this study, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect the adulteration of raw milk and pasteurized milk by the addition of reconstituted milk. Milk samples were prepared by the precipitation of casein with a pH 4.6 buffer solution to separate the whey protein. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were then captured over an excitation wavelength between 200 and 500 nm at a wavelength interval (Δλ) of 75 nm. The raw data of the spectra were then subjected to a second derivative, and the ratio of the peaks of characteristic Maillard reaction products and tryptophan (2nDFM/T) were used to detect the adulteration of raw and pasteurized milk with reconstituted milk. This method is unaffected by variations in environmental temperature. The results indicate that the detection of reconstituted milk in raw and pasteurized milk can be achieved with an accuracy of 86.7 and 90%, while linear equations could be used to estimate the content range of reconstituted milk roughly according to the fluorescence data.

Environmental trade-offs associated with intensification methods in a pasture-based dairy system using prospective attributional Life Cycle Assessment

The predicted increase in global demand for dairy products over the next decade is driving the global dairy sector to increase its production capacity. For the New Zealand dairy sector, farm intensification is a common strategy to increase milk production per hectare, and is generally achieved through increased stocking rate, predominately supported by different feed provision methods. In the present study, seven prospective intensification scenarios were established, and multiple environmental impacts of these scenarios were assessed using prospective attributional Life Cycle Assessment. Increased productivity per animal and increased pasture utilization efficiency reduced all environmental indicator results compared with a business-as-usual scenario (per kg of standardized milk). Increased use of locally produced maize silage reduced all environmental indicator results except for Ozone Depletion Potential, Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential, and Ecotoxicity for Aquatic Freshwater. On the other hand, the use of imported wheat grain increased all environmental indicator results except for Climate Change and Terrestrial Eutrophication Potential, and this was mainly due to the production and long-distance transport of wheat grain. Use of extra nitrogen fertilizer to increase on-farm pasture production increased five, and reduced six, environmental indicator results. In conclusion, increased animal productivity and increased pasture utilization efficiency are the most promising intensification scenarios for future New Zealand dairy systems from an environmental sustainability perspective. Scenario-based prospective attributional Life Cycle Assessment assists in highlighting the environmental trade-offs and hotspots among prospective farm intensification scenarios in pasture-based dairy systems.

Evolution of a milkshed and role of alternative milk collection centres in Egypt

In Egypt, an agro-industrial company, in association with a non-governmental organization, began setting up milk collection centres within producers’ organizations in 2011. The project was very active in the Beni Suef Governorate. This article analyses the milkshed evolution over the past 50 years and the project impact. Using interviews and historical data, a diachronic analysis was performed. The evolution can be divided into four phases: before 1980, dairy products were primarily sold on the local market; from 1980 to 2000, a “milkshed centred” development drove the dairy sector; from 2000 to 2011, the sector was driven by the demand in Greater Cairo; and since 2011, the arrival of the agro-industry has introduced new dynamics in local milk collection. Locally, the development of collection centres led to a rise in milk prices and improvements to milk hygienic quality. Demographic and dietary changes have stimulated demand for dairy products. Liquid milk collection has developed since the liberalization of public policies and improved infrastructure. The agro-industry is struggling to penetrate the highly competitive local milk collection sector and the model's future is uncertain.

Milk from cows grazing on cool-season pastures provides an enhanced profile of bioactive fatty acids compared to those grazed on a monoculture of pearl millet

The demand for dairy products from grass-fed cows is driven, in part, by their more desirable fatty acid (FA) profile, containing more n-3 FA and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) than conventionally produced dairy products. This study investigated the effects of pearl millet (PM) vs. cool-season pasture (CSP) on animal performance and milk FA in a grazing system. Eight Holstein dairy cows were used in a repeated measures design with four-week periods. Forage type had no effect on animal performance (estimated dry matter intake, milk production, fat, or protein). The contents of CLA and n-3 FA in a serving of whole milk (3.25% fat) increased when cows grazed CSP compared to PM. A serving of whole milk from cows grazing PM had a higher content of saturated FA and branched-chain FA. In conclusion, the contents of various bioactive FA were higher in milk fat of cows grazing a CSP compared to PM.

Effect of Silkworm Pupae Peptide on the Fermentation and Quality of Yogurt

In the present study, the effect of silkworm pupae peptide on acidification, water-holding capacity (WHC), textural properties, sensory characteristics, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and the amino acid composition of fermented milk products was studied. The addition of peptide enhanced acidification, thus reducing the fermentation time. Furthermore, addition of > 0.7% peptide significantly (P 0.3%. Therefore, further studies are necessary to optimize the flavor of yogurt containing silkworm pupae peptide. Practical Applications The demand for dairy products containing bioactive peptides is high because their intake can fulfill the nutritional requirement. In this study, the effect of silkworm pupae peptide on the qualities of dairy products was studied. Addition silkworm pupae peptide could enhance acidification and reduce the fermentation time. Addition of 0.5% silkworm pupae peptide could enhanced ACE inhibitory activity and amino acid content. Although addition of silkworm pupae peptide had beneficial effects on the firmness, consistency, and cohesiveness of yogurt, it reduced the overall flavor. The results are useful for the yogurt industry in improving production efficiency and product quality.

Dairy Economy of India

India remains the world’s largest producer and consumer of milk. The present study empirically evaluates the transformations in demand and supply of dairy products in India, identifying that the share of dairy products in the food basket has significantly increased among both rural and urban consumers. While demand for dairy products is highly elastic and related to income, the analysis also shows large regional disparities in production and per capita availability of milk in India. After examining various aspects of dairy consumption and production patterns in India, the article also includes policy considerations to improve dairy production. It suggests that to stimulate dairy sector development and reduce inequality in dairy products consumption in India, milk and milk products should be included in the diet provided through the Midday Meal Schemes for primary education children. Overall, to meet the growing demand for dairy products, given their role in food security, the Government of India should continue to aim for sustained growth.

Bem-estar de vacas leiteiras em sistema silvipastoril

In addition to the growing demand for dairy products, recently the population has given greater importance to issues such as sustainability and animal welfare. Thus, producers are adapting to the demands of the consumer market through systems to produce sustainably and quality of life for animals, besides being economically efficient. The silvipastoral system allows combining forestry and livestock activities, and so increasing production efficiency. Among the main benefits of this production system are soil conservation and water resources, the promotion of carbon sequestration and increased biodiversity. In addition, animals raised in this system have a lower risk of thermal stress due to shadow arising from afforestation, favoring animal welfare. Therefore, the silvipastoral system represents a suitable alternative to the production of dairy cattle, once lactating cows need ideal climatic conditions to express their genetic potential, resulting in high production performance. In this way, this study aims to gain a better understanding on the establishment of dairy cattle in silvipastoral system and the influence on their welfare.

Improved milk production performance of smallholder farms in West Java (Indonesia).

In Indonesia, because of the rapidly growing demand for dairy products, the development of milk production in rural communities can play a strong role in reducing poverty. However, the development of smallholder dairy production requires adequate support from the government, development organizations, and private firms. To assess the needs and situations of poor dairy farmers, we conducted a study in Ciater sub-district in West Java Province to compare the current situation with the situation that prevailed 4 years ago, i.e., before the implementation of a dairy development project. Data were collected from 61 farms in June 2014. The average number of cows on the farms surveyed was three to four, and each relied on cultivating an average of 0.4 ha of forage. Results showed that thanks to the project activities, milk productivity per cow and net income from milk production increased by 25% between 2010 and 2014. These results underline the importance of providing training and technical support for the development of the livelihoods of dairy smallholders.

China’s Dairy Import Industry: An Economic Analysis of Influencing Trade Factors

<p>One of the most dependable trends in a country’s transformation from an undeveloped, to developing, and to developed country is a growing demand for dairy products and milk. As China has undergone an unprecedented transformation over the last few decades since Deng Xiaoping’s Open Door Policy, China has followed this trend of an increasing demand for dairy products. As with other industries in mainland China, the domestic dairy industry is progressing at an incredibly fast rate. Yet at the same time when China is building its own industry to meet the growing demand, trade liberalization by joining the World Trade Organization has brought intense competition from foreign milk producers such as New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. This thesis examines the factors that influence various facets of the Chinese dairy industry, including import and export trade, consumer demand, and domestic and international competition. In addition to a deep background assessment of the Chinese dairy industry and market, a Constant Market Share econometric model is utilized to assess the varying levels of influence that different factors have on the industry by using three different time periods as a model of assessment for the whole industry.</p>

A Framework to Study Organizational Trust and Support for Innovation with Reference to Performance of Dairy Sector in Ranchi (India)

There is an upward trend of market forces (of demand and supply) of the dairy sector. While health consciousness of people has been reflected in a surge in demand for dairy products, educated unemployment and uncertainties in agricultural harvests have been a cause for taking up dairy farming as an occupation that leading to escalation of supply of dairy products. Since the demand for dairy products is exponentially increasing and Jharkhand organized dairy sector is at its infancy, to meet the increasing demand and have an edge over competitors (both organized and unorganized) Jharkhand Dairy must keep on innovating and to ensure support from all fronts, it must develop organizational trust. Trust and support for innovation is an eminent factor for success of any organization and especially in the dairy industry where it has to be not only between employees-employers but also dairy farmers and dairy management and customers. As dairy industry is contributing to the major social economic development, research on it would contribute not only to the specific industry but to the society at large. Keeping this in the backdrop, a framework has been designed to study Organizational Trust and Support for Innovation with Reference to Performance of Dairy Sector in Ranchi (India). The framework for organizational trust leading to support for innovation will help the organization go for hassle-free innovations in future.

Dairy in a sustainable diet: a question of balance.

The demand for dairy products is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets. Dairy products are nutrient rich and, therefore, an important food group for ensuring nutrient security in the future. In many countries, dairy contributes significantly to nutrient intake. Meta-analyses have shown that consumption of dairy may reduce the risk of chronic diseases and thereby lower healthcare costs. Milk production and processing contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, estimated at 2.7% (cradle-to-retail) of the world's total. Evaluating the position of dairy in the diet should take into account the impact of both nutritional and environmental factors. Local conditions are also important; in many parts of the world, the cow is an efficient converter of human-inedible resources into nutrient-dense food. Increased productivity of cows is a decisive factor in realizing sufficient milk production with optimal resource efficiency and minimal greenhouse gas emission. Models that optimize total diets, rather than individual food products, for their nutritional and environmental impact are the preferred approach for developing realistic alternative consumption strategies.

Can soil change be assessed for the Victorian dairy industry?

Meeting the increased demand for dairy products will require careful management of soils to minimise land degradation and sustain increased production. Key to providing farmers with the tools to manage their soils sustainably, is firstly understanding the soil types currently managed by dairy farmers, and secondly quantifying changes in soil properties in response to management. The Victorian Land Use Information System was interrogated to identify dairy land parcels and these data overlaid on soil survey information to identify the dominant soil orders managed by dairy farmers in the three dairy regions of Victoria. Of the approximately 590,000 hectares of dairy land identified across the state, Sodosols (33%), Chromosols (20%), Dermosols (16%), and Vertosols (11%) are the major soil Orders represented, although the dominant soil Orders vary for each region. Legacy data from research and extension activities undertaken between 1995 and 2010 were collated to understand regional differences in dairy soil properties. All soil properties were significantly and positively skewed with higher median pH, EC and available K in northern Victorian soils. Further analysis compared the 1995 to 2010 data with data from samples analysed by the government analytical laboratory between 1973 and 1980 to assess any differences over 38 years. The older soil chemical data were also positively skewed but had lower median soil pH, Olsen P and available K, consistent with the greater use of inputs by the industry in more recent years.

Global market for dairy proteins.

This review examines the global market for dairy ingredients by assessing the global demand for dairy products in relation to major dairy ingredient categories. Each broad category of dairy ingredients is reviewed including its definition, production and trade status, key applications, and future trends. Ingredient categories examined include whole and skim milk powders (WMPs, SMPs), whey protein concentrates (WPCs) and whey protein isolates (WPIs), milk protein concentrates (MPCs) and milk protein isolates (MPIs), caseins, and caseinates. Increases in world population and improvements in socioeconomic conditions will continue to drive the demand for dairy products and ingredients in the future. Dairy proteins are increasingly recognized to have nutritional and functional advantages compared to many protein sources, and the variety of ingredients with different protein concentrations, functionality, and flavor can meet the needs of the increasingly global dairy consumption. A thorough understanding of the variety of ingredients, how the ingredients are derived from milk, and how the demand from particular markets affects the supply situation are critical elements in understanding the current ingredient marketplace.

Dairy proteins in nutrition and food science: functional ingredients in the current global marketplace.

As the world population exponentially grows, food production must increase to supply adequate nutrition to meet basic needs and optimize health outcomes. Developing economies around the world are expected to increase in both size and wealth as the population continues to rise, creating a global demand for dairy products due to their nutritional value, flavor, and affordability (United Nations 2013). Dairy products are a feasible means to help meet the demands of a growing world market as well as the nutritional needs of the globalpopulation.Forinstance,dairyproductsprovideanadequate source of protein that can help meet daily protein requirements to maintain positive protein balance and prevent muscle loss. Dairy proteins are of the highest quality and are considered complete proteins that contain all essential amino acids necessary to support muscle growth and maintenance. Dairy proteins such as whey and casein, derived from milk, have been shown to be superior to other protein sources in stimulating and improving muscle protein synthesis under both resting and exercise conditions (Burd and others 2012), allowing dairy to be considered an optimal protein source for regulation of muscle mass throughout the human lifespan. In addition to the role dairy proteins play in daily muscle protein synthesis, additional benefits in bone and metabolic health have been attenuated by the consumption of dairy products. Dairy products (milk, cheese, and yogurt) and their milk proteins, when consumed as part of a higher protein diet, have been shown to promote satiety (Lorenzen and others 2012), enhance glycemic regulation (El Khoury and others 2014), reduce blood pressure (Machin and others 2014), and improve body composition by preserving or increasing lean muscle mass and enhancing the reduction of fat mass during weight loss and maintenance (Josse and others 2011). Also, when consumed as part of a higher-protein diet, dairy has been shown to further enhance calcium retention and bone integrity due to the high-quality protein and calcium content of dairy products (Thorpe MP and others 2008), thereby resulting in greater long-term bone health. These metabolic and health advantages of dairy protein have led the global food and beverage industry to isolate or concentrate the protein components from milk to incorporate as value-added ingredients in a variety of different food and beverages. Dairy proteins are versatile and used by product developers to produce

Survey of Yogurt Powder Storage in Ambient Export Countries A Safety Evaluation Standard Compliance and Comparative Analysis.

Yogurt powder is fermented milk processed in the form of dry yogurt, and has advantages such as stability, storability, convenience, and portability. China and Vietnam are important export target countries because of the increased demand for dairy products. Therefore, we surveyed dairy product standardization in order to establish an export strategy. Lactic acid bacteria counts are unregulated in Korea and Vietnam. In China, lactic acid bacteria counts are regulated at 1×106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and detected at 6.24±0.33 Log CFU/mL. All three countries have regulated standards for total bacterial counts. In China, total bacterial counts of milk powder are regulated to n=5, c=2, m=50,000, M=200,000 and detected at 6.02±0.12 Log CFU/mL, exceeding the acceptable level. Lactic acid bacterial counts appeared to exceed total bacterial counts. Coliform group counts, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella species were not detected. Acidity is not regulated in Korea and Vietnam. In China, acidity was regulated to over 70°T and detected 352.38±10.24°T. pH is unregulated in all three countries. pH was compared to that of general fermented milk, which is 4.2, and that of the sample was 4.28±0.01. Aflatoxin levels are not regulated in Korea and China. In Vietnam, aflatoxin level is regulated at 0.05 ppb. Therefore, all ingredients of the yogurt powder met the safety standards. This data obtained in this study can be used as the basic data in assessing the export quality of yogurt powder.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТОРГОВО-ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СИСТЕМЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЕМ АГРОПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ АПК

The article describes the concept of forming the trade and industrial policy in the system of strategic management of dairy enterprises. The author describes the conditions and requirements for formation of the trade and industrial policy in the dairy subcomplex of AIC, indicates principles for formation of the trade and industrial policy and methods of their realization. The balanced state of the trade and industrial policy of dairy enterprises, as the author notes, depends on the balance between the trade policy and subjects of the wholesale and retail trade. The retailers are in close proximity to the end user, that’s why through the channels of retail trade networks the demand for dairy products is formed. This demand is supplied by milk processing plants together with the subjects of wholesale trade. The balance in the trade and industrial policy in the dairy subcomplex of AIC requires involvement in the process of all agents of the dairy market (milk processing plants, milk producers, subjects of retail and wholesale trade). In order to raise the information level of the dairy market participants about its state it is advisable to consider the possibility of creating an electronic dairy market, aimed at ensuring a balance of the trade and industrial policy of agro-enterprises and their trading partners, that are in closer proximity to end users and thus creates a market for the dairy industry and closes the process of realization of dairy products. The operation of the electronic dairy market suggests the following sequence of actions of its members. Also, the author substantiates the necessity of uniting all involved participants in the trade and industrial clusters of the dairy specialization, in which there would be the accumulation of economic effects of trade and industry activities of the participants and further equitable distribution of the total economic impact between them in proportion to the annual maintenance costs of the invested capital.

Pasture, Poos and People: a Space-Time Analysis of Livestock Density and Cryptosporidium Infections in Humans

Enteric zoonotic infections in New Zealand are among the highest in the developed world. The country has recently experienced rapid intensification of livestock production, in response to the global demand for dairy products. However, the environmental health risks associated with agricultural intensification are poorly understood. We used spatio-temporal methods to analyse weekly notifications of human Cryptosporidium infections (1997-2008, N=8688) geocoded to census area units (N= 1769). Explanatory variables included livestock density (sheep, beef and dairy cattle, poultry, pigs), temperature, rainfall, drinking water quality and demographic data, interpolated where necessary to match the notification data. Infection hotspots recurred consistently in a region of intensified dairy cattle production (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified living in a rural area (IR 1.64 (95%CI 1.48-1.83)), dairy cattle density (IR 1.058 (95% CI 1.02-1.09)), and the proportion of children under 4 years old (IR 1.16 (95% CI 1.10- 1.23)) as significant risk factors for infection. Population density (IR 0.88 (95% CI 0.82-0.93)), the proportion of the population = 65 years (IR 0.88 (95% CI 0.83- 0.93)), the proportion identifying with Maori (IR 0.21 (95% CI 0.11- 0.38), Pacific Island (IR 0.10 (95% CI 0.04- 0.25) and Asian ethnicities (IR 0.11 (95% CI 0.05-0.27) and weekly average temperature (IR 0.91 (95% CI 0.86- 0.97) were inversely associated with risk of infection. Further expansion of the dairy farming sector is likely. In New Zealand, such livestock intensification may lead to increases in zoonotic infections, especially in rural preschool children. These findings suggest opportunities for targeted interventions to reduce the health impacts of intensified livestock production.

The study of the biological value of the structured product from soft cheese made from concentrate chopped kernels of sunflower seeds

Structure and food ration of modern humans indicate a deficit of essential components and objects, including animal origin. Demand for animal proteins, according to some facts, is satisfied less than 80%. Modern ideas about nutrition suggest that milk protein plays a basic role among them. An important problem in development of new products is also consumer meeting demand and safety. Curd is a richest source of complete protein. Man’s organism almost completely assimilates curd protein. The high biological value of proteins is conditioned by composition and balance of amino acids and good assimilability. The colloid state of proteins determines their easy availability and digestibility. Milk-based products have a complex structure. The low-fat kernel of sunflower seeds is one of the most promising types of material. Use of it in the technology of new products will improve the food and biological value and expand the range of product. It has an exceptionally high biological value. It is thought that the core protein of sunflower seeds is the least different from the egg white among other vegetable proteins. In connection with this, we have carried out the work for development of technology of soft cheese product including a core protein of sunflower seeds in the formulation. The research of the accessibility of new product protein component is performed, positive results are obtained. New product development and introduction into production allows expanding the assortment and consumer meeting demand for dairy products.

Total bacterial count and somatic cell count in refrigerated raw milk stored in communal tanks

The current industry demand for dairy products with extended shelf life has resulted in new challenges for milk quality maintenance. The processing of milk with high bacterial counts compromises the quality and performance of industrial products. The study aimed to evaluate the total bacteria counts (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) in 768 samples of refrigerated raw milk, from 32 communal tanks. Samples were collected in the first quarter of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 and analyzed by the Laboratory of Milk Quality - LQL. Results showed that 62.5%, 37.5%, 15.6% and 27.1% of the means for TBC in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, were above the values established by legislation. However, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of total bacterial count (TBC) in the studied periods. For somatic cell count, 100% of the means indicated values below 600.000 cells/mL, complying with the actual Brazilian legislation. The values found for the somatic cell count suggests the adoption of effective measures for the sanitary control of the herd. However, the results must be considered with caution as it highlights the need for quality improvements of the raw material until it achieves reliable results effectively.

Determination of the Authenticity of Dairy Products on the Basis of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols Content using GC Analysis

Milk fat is an important food component, and plays a significant role in the economics, functional nutrition, and chemical properties of dairy products. Dairy products also contain nutritional resources and essential fatty acids (FAs). Because of the increasing demand for dairy products, milk fat is a common target in economic fraud. Specifically, milk fat is often replaced with cheaper or readily available vegetable oils or animal fats. In this study, a method for the discrimination of milk fat was developed, using FAs profiles, and triacylglycerols (TGs) profiles. A total of 11 samples were evaluated: four milk fats (MK), four vegetable oils (VG), two pork lards (PL), and one beef tallow (BT). Gas chromathgraphy analysis were performed, to monitor the FAs content and TGs composition in MK, VG, PL, and BT. The result showed that qualitative determination of the MK of samples adulterated with different vegetable oils and animal fats was possible by a visual comparision of FAs, using C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n9c, C18:0, and C18:2n6c, and of TGs, using C36, C38, C40, C50, C52, and C54 profiles. Overall, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the use of FAs and TGs in the detection of adulterated milk fat, and accordingly characterize the samples by the adulterant oil source, and level of adulteration. Also, based on this preliminary investigation, the usefulness of this approach could be tested for other oils in the future.