Delinquent Behavior Research Articles

Implementasi Diversifikasi Penanganan Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan

This This research discusses the implementation of the juvenile justice system in Indonesia with a focus on the application of the concept of diversion as an effort to protect children in conflict with the law. Children, as assets for the nation's future, often face various problems, including delinquency and criminal behavior which is worrying. Along with the flow of globalization, the development of information technology has had both positive and negative impacts on children, who often imitate the inappropriate behavior they see in the media. This research uses empirical juridical methods by collecting facts from human behavior both through interviews and observations. direct. The research results show that the application of diversion is effective in providing protection and rehabilitation to children in conflict with the law, as well as preventing them from repeating criminal acts in the future. Apart from that, this research also highlights the importance of synergy between aspects of structure, substance and legal culture in implementing diversion. Thus, diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia provides an opportunity to safeguard the best interests of children and prevent them from the negative stigma of the formal justice process. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System is the main legal basis for implementing diversion, which is expected to increase legal protection for children and optimize their rehabilitation.

Rural–Urban/Suburban Differences in the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Delinquency☆

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognized as significant precursors to delinquency. However, to date, no studies have explicitly examined the interconnectedness of ACEs, residency in rural or urban/suburban areas, and delinquent behavior to discern potential variations among youths residing in these distinct areas. This study aims to address this important gap in existing literature. Data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS), comprising a statewide representative sample of students enrolled in public high schools in Florida (N = 23,078), were analyzed using negative binominal regression models. Our findings demonstrate a significant correlation between ACEs and delinquent behavior, with notable variations in this association among youths residing in rural versus urban/suburban environments. In particular, the impact of ACEs on the anticipated frequency of delinquent behaviors appears to be marginally greater among adolescents residing in urban/suburban locales compared to their counterparts in rural areas. Implications are provided.

The role of CRHR1 and FKBP5 genes in juvenile delinquency among children aged between 12 and 18 years: a case–control study

ABSTRACT Juvenile delinquency, where young people engage in criminal behavior, is a serious concern for society due to high arrest rates among minors. Delinquent behavior is a serious concern due to its devastating effect on the well-being of society. The relationship between genetics and violent behavior is complex and not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the correlation between specific genetic traits, particularly CRHR1 and FKBP5 genes, and sociodemographic characteristics in the context of their age, gender, socioeconomic status, and crime history of delinquent behavior in adolescents. The study was designed as a single-center hospital-based case–control study involving 45 adolescents for each study group: control and those showing delinquent behavior, case group. Findings revealed an abnormal CRHR1 expression in male teenagers is a strong indicator and presents the risk for violent and delinquent behavior. Understanding specific genetic markers, like abnormal CRHR1 expression, helps target assessments and interventions. Additionally, recognizing sociodemographic factors associated with delinquency allows for a more comprehensive approach, considering the various influences on adolescent behavior. This study provides important insights to address and reduce the complex issue of juvenile delinquency.

Differential Impacts of Maternal and Paternal Attachments on Adolescent Delinquency: Implications for Counselling

Delinquency among adolescents is a growing concern in Iranian society. Research on the role of maternal and paternal attachments, particularly in the Iranian context, has received limited attention. This correlational study aims to concurrently investigate the predictive capacity of both maternal and paternal attachment on delinquent behaviours among Iranian adolescents. The sample included 528 students aged 15 and 17 from 10 government high schools in Tehran who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires using two established instruments. The findings highlighted a significant association between high parental attachment scores and low adolescent delinquent activity. Secure attachments to mothers and fathers were found to reduce engagement in delinquency. Adolescent age, fathers’ educational level, and maternal attachment emerged as significant predictors of delinquency. Adolescents with insecure maternal attachments and older adolescents with educated fathers showed greater susceptibility to delinquent behaviour. The study also emphasises the vast contribution of mothers to adolescent development, suggesting the need for further exploration of paternal influence on internal dynamics and delinquency in future research. In a broader sense, understanding the differential impacts of these attachments on adolescent delinquency may help counsellors to effectively address these issues and provide appropriate interventions.

Youth Gang Involvement and Long-Term Offending: An Examination into the Role of Psychopathic Traits

Most policies to combat gang criminal behavior are rooted in deterrence and punitive strategies. This is fueled by moral panic, a get tough on crime rhetoric, and a lack of understanding for the psychological factors that may influence this behavior. Further, the extant literature has consistently observed that gang membership is associated with increased criminal behavior. In an effort to promote and shift away from punitive approaches in response to gang delinquency, the current study investigates the role psychopathic traits have in violent and property offending, longitudinally, in a sample of gang-involved youth. The study implemented count mixed effect models to investigate the topic longitudinally in waves 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, while controlling for other variables with violent and property offending frequency. The current study found that some psychopathic traits are associated with offending behavior, longitudinally, in gang members and youth with a history of gang involvement. The findings suggest that gang intervention strategies should include empirically supported programs for treating psychopathic traits in gang identified youth to reduce involvement in delinquent behavior. Further, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers should collaborate to develop more empirically supported strategies to reduce and prevent gang delinquent behavior from an empathetic lens.

How exposure to natural landscapes can decrease the tendency toward delinquent behavior: the role of delay discounting

How exposure to natural landscapes can decrease the tendency toward delinquent behavior: the role of delay discounting

Cumulative Sociodemographic Risk as a Predictor of Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour

Sociodemographic disadvantage has pervasive effects on a broad range of youth outcomes, including greater likelihood of involvement in delinquent and criminal behaviours. Sociodemographic vulnerabilities rarely exist in isolation however, and research suggests that the cumulative impact of these risks exacerbates their effects. Most research examining cumulative disadvantage combines sociodemographic risk factors with more proximal variables related to individual characteristics, family functioning, social interactions and so on, disallowing exploration of the processes through which sociodemographic disadvantage operates. This paper proposes a framework for conceptualising and assessing cumulative sociodemographic risk (CSR) during adolescence using a summed index that consists only of sociodemographic risk factors known to influence antisocial involvement. Results showed that antisocial behaviours increased in line with levels of CSR. CSR was a significant predictor of adolescent antisocial behaviour in a regression model that controlled for the sociodemographic risk factors of which the index is made up, demonstrating the compounded impact of multiple simultaneous sociodemographic adversities. Findings highlight the need to recognise the effects of cumulative sociodemographic disadvantage, further explore the mechanisms through which it operates, and consider strategies for reducing its impact on outcomes such as antisocial behaviour for young people.

Exploring the relationship between depression and delinquency: a sibling comparison design using the NLSY.

Relative to the general population, adolescents with psychiatric disorders such as major depression disorder are incarcerated (and reincarcerated) at higher rates. Current research is mixed on whether this association is a cause, consequence, or the product of selection. For example, aggression can lead to more depressive symptoms, yet depression is associated with antisocial behaviors (e.g., delinquency). To better understand the relationship between depression and delinquent behavior, we used the discordant kinship model to examine data from sibling pairs in the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979, a nationally representative study. By explicitly modeling within- and between-family variance, we reduced the influence of genetic and shared-environmental confounds on our analysis. Our results suggest that the relationship between depression and delinquency is not causal, but rather a product of selection.

Mental Health and Behavior of Teenagers Who Come from Broken Home Families

In this life, humans from birth until now always experience changes, both physically and mentally, both negative and positive changes. These changes are nothing but the result of human work, creativity and initiative which always develops and progresses over time. In broken households, some teenagers often experience mental depression (mental pressure), so that teenagers are not comfortable living in their families, which usually has an impact on teenagers' poor social behavior or giving rise to various forms of delinquency, Not all teenagers can go through their development process and develop well, if there is no full support from internal and external factors that influence their development. A large number of teenagers experience failure in achieving their developmental tasks, one of which is falling into juvenile delinquent behavior. This research uses a library research approach, in the form of research with objects in the form of library works, especially scientific journals, books, articles and information obtained via the internet. And from the results of the research, it was found that teenagers who experienced broken homes had a damaged mentality and experienced forms of bad behavior and various forms of delinquency that they committed. And this research also aims to describe the forms of mental health and delinquency in adolescents in broken home families.

Implikasi Peer Group Terhadap Perilaku Kriminalitas Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak Berkonflik Dengan Hukum

Adolescent delinquency behavior often stems from teenagers' involvement with peer groups at school or in the educational environment. This can develop into more serious criminal behavior later on. Adolescents engaged in delinquent behavior can be categorized as Juvenile Offenders (JO). Peer groups provide a social environment in which JOs can learn and develop various aspects of themselves; however, they also serve as a primary source of negative influence. Similar habitus within social groups reinforce solidarity and camaraderie within them, which may be a reason for teenagers to join peer groups from the same social class. This also provides a sense of comfort and acceptance, while joining groups from different social classes can lead to feelings of inferiority and inequality. Thus, peer groups can have both positive and negative implications depending on the social conditions within a peer group.

Effects of Budget Expenditures on Education and Youth Policy on Decreasing the Level of Delinquent Behavior of Adolescents

One of the national development goals relates to realizing human potential and educating a socially responsible person, which, among other things, requires strengthening the state's role in preventing crimes, primarily among adolescents. In this regard, there is a need to quantify the impact of social spending budgets on the level of juvenile delinquency. The article substantiates a methodological approach to assessing the effects of expenditures on secondary vocational education and youth policy on the number of minors convicted of various crimes. In the study, the authors evaluated regression based on a fixed-effects model with the standard errors Driscoll – Kraay. Econometric modelling was based on panel data on 83 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2010–2020. The statistical data of the official websites of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Treasury and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation served as the information base of the study. Based on the simulation results, conclusions were drawn about the positive impact of increasing budget expenditures on secondary vocational education and youth policy, as a share of GRP, on reducing juvenile delinquency. The influence of control variables (income level, divorce rate, urbanization, general crime, etc.) was also confirmed. For the first time, the results obtained on Russian data significantly complement the conclusions of foreign econometric studies on similar issues

Peer Group Dynamics and Juvenile Delinquency: Building Positive Habits through Peer Influence

Teenagers are influenced by the environment and peers. These group dynamics are important in shaping adolescent behavior, especially delinquency. This research explores the relationship between peer group dynamics and juvenile delinquency, as well as the potential positive influence of peers in forming good habits. This study examines social, psychological, and environmental factors in peer group dynamics that influence juvenile delinquent behavior. Factors such as peer pressure, group identity, and social conformity are analyzed to understand their influence on adolescents' detrimental behavior. However, this research also highlights the positive role of peer groups in forming positive habits. With the right approach, peers can become agents of change who influence teenagers in adopting habits that support healthy development. Educational strategies, such as strengthening social skills, understanding the consequences of behavior, and a supportive environment, can direct peer influence in a positive direction. This research provides a comprehensive view of the role of peer group dynamics in shaping adolescent behavior, both delinquency and positive habits. The implications of this research emphasize the important role of parents, schools, and communities in forming an environment that supports and guides peer influence for a positive impact on adolescent development.

Alternative household water affordability metrics using water bill delinquency behavior

Rising water prices threaten affordable access to basic water service in the U.S., especially in low-income communities. Faced with unaffordable water bills, households may use less water than is healthy, forgo other essential services, or fall behind on water bill payments, risking water shutoffs. Affordability ratios (ARs), which express water bills as a fraction of income, are the most common measure of water affordability. However, ARs can underestimate unaffordability due to both spatial aggregation bias and their reliance on indirect proxies for ability to pay. New metrics are needed to identify households at risk of water insecurity due to affordability challenges. Here we investigate alternative water affordability metrics that use water bill late payments and debt to track actual payment behavior at the household level. We define metrics that capture the frequency, duration, and severity of water bill delinquency. We apply these metrics to a case study in Santa Cruz, California, using monthly billing data for approximately 40 000 households from 2009 through 2021. We find large variation in delinquency across households and over time, with higher delinquency linked to proxies for low wealth such as lower assessed home value. Census blocks with similar ARs often have distinct patterns of delinquency behavior, suggesting that block-level median affordability estimates may be masking sub-populations facing affordability challenges. These results highlight the benefits of using multiple, household-level metrics to capture the role affordability plays in household water security.

PENCEGAHAN KENAKALAN REMAJA MELALUI IR/EDUCATION

Juvenile delinquency is an act / crime / offense committed by adolescents that is unlawful, anti-social, anti-moral, and violates religious norms. Juvenile delinquency occurs because it is influenced by internal factors and external factors can have an impact on the teenager himself, family, and the community. Efforts made in tackling juvenile delinquency behavior can be grouped into preventive, curative, corrective and preservative actions can be carried out in the family, school and community environment. This PKM activity aims to provide understanding to adolescents regarding the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the form of education. The implementation of this PKM was carried out at SMK Bina Mandiri Depok on January 26, 2024 in the Classroom which was attended by 64 students and class XII students. Implementation method with lectures, discussions, active participation, questions and answers, evaluation and follow-up. This activity was attended by adolescents, the majority of the female sex 64.06%, the majority of adolescents aged mid-15-17 years 92.19%. Dedication material on Introduction to Juvenile Delinquency, Negative Impact of Juvenile Delinquency, Driving Factors of Juvenile Delinquency Solution and Prevention, Family Role, Social Skills Development, Importance of Education. The evaluation results showed an increase in knowledge related to juvenile delinquency with the pre-test score result was 53.78 after the activity there was an increase in the post-test score results to 91.78. The good response of the participants was seen with enthusiasm to follow it from the beginning to the end of the activity. There is an increase in adolescent knowledge. It is expected that adolescents increase self-awareness, provide a strong foundation, become responsible and productive individuals.

Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Pidana Bersyarat Kepada Anak Pelaku Yang Menyebabkan Kematian

This study aims to analyze and find out the basis and reasons for the panel of judges to impose criminal conditional on children who are perpetrators of abuse that cause death. The role of the authorized judge in imposing the sentence must go through various considerations. In verdict No. 12/Pid.sus-Anak/2021/PN Jmb it pertains to a severe assault case where the victim died as a result of the juvenile's delinquent behavior. This study uses a normative juridical method. The findings of this research reveal that the imposition of criminal conditional on children who are in confront with the law because judges is primarily based on sociological considerations. Sociological considerations encompass aggravating and mitigating factors, which the judge is obliged to include in the verdict according to Article 197, paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The main reason for the panel of judges to impose a suspended sentence is not for retribution purposes but to provide an opportunity for the juvenile to reintegrate into society and become a better individual, hence the child is given a criminal conditional with the general conditions of probation for 10 (ten) months and specific conditions that must be fullfilled in accordance with Article 14 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and this case adhered to the guidelines of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

A follow-up study of peer relationships in autistic and non-autistic youths: Mediating effects from autistic, emotional and behavioral symptoms

BackgroundLittle is known about how clinical features prospectively influence peer relationships in autistic populations. AimsThis study investigated the clinical symptoms mediating the link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and peer relationships at follow-up, i.e. the second time evaluation of this study. MethodsThe sample consisted of 366 autistic youths and 134 non-autistic comparisons. The autistic traits and emotional/behavioral problems were measured at baseline by Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The interactions and problems with peers were assessed by the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA) at follow-up. ResultsEach subscore of SRS and CBCL showed significant mediation effects. Multiple mediation analyses showed atypical social communication, social awareness problems, and delinquent behaviors mediated the link from ASD to less active peer interactions after controlling for sex, age, and IQ. Moreover, atypical social communication, social-emotional problems, and attention difficulties predicted problems with peers. After considering these mediation effects, the diagnosis of ASD still demonstrated a significantly direct effect on peer relationships at follow-up. Conclusions and implicationsOur findings support that social-related autistic features, attention problems, and delinquent behaviors mediated a link between ASD and peer relationships. These mediators are potential measures for improving interactions and decreasing difficulties with peers in the autistic population.

Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in Switzerland.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent amongst offenders, increasing risks for aggressive and delinquent behaviors. Since ADHD and its symptoms can persist into adulthood, accurately diagnosing and maintaining diagnoses in offenders is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce recidivism. This study employed a retrospective longitudinal design to investigate ADHD amongst adult offenders with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD during childhood or adolescence at a Swiss forensic outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2021. N = 181 patient files were reviewed, including forensic expert witness assessments and treatment reports. We charted the adulthood trajectory of patients with a confirmed childhood/adolescence ADHD diagnosis, examining the course of their diagnoses. Of 181 patients, evidence indicated that 12 (7%) had an ADHD diagnosis in childhood/adolescence. In 1 (8%) of these 12 cases, the diagnosis was maintained throughout the observation period. For 4 patients (33%), a diagnosis was given in the first forensic psychiatric expert witness assessment in adulthood but subsequently dropped. In another 4 cases (33%), the diagnosis was dropped in adulthood but later re-assigned, whereas in 3 cases (25%), the diagnosis was discontinued throughout the observation period. In 50% of cases with a diagnostic change, the discontinuation of an adult ADHD diagnosis coincided with a newly diagnosed personality disorder (or vice versa). Our findings highlighted considerable inconsistencies in the assignment of adult ADHD diagnoses amongst offenders. Whilst ADHD remission in adulthood occurs, the diagnostic variability in our results warrants detailed scrutiny. One possibility is that ADHD has similar fluctuations to conditions like depression, as argued elsewhere. Equally, diagnoses may become "lost", meaning they are not given even when applicable and replaced by other diagnoses. Additionally, residual symptoms may remain but beyond the diagnostic threshold. This is significant because untreated ADHD can increase re-offending risks and adverse health outcomes.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Policies and Interventions that Improve Health, Psychosocial, and Economic Outcomes for Young People Leaving the Out-of-Home Care System.

Young people who transition to adulthood from out-of-home care (OOHC) are more likely to experience a range of poorer outcomes relative to their same-age peers in the community. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of policies or interventions (hereafter "interventions") aimed at improving housing, health, education, economic, and psychosocial outcomes for youth leaving OOHC (hereafter "care leavers"). Eleven databases of published literature were reviewed along with gray literature. Eligible studies used randomized or quasi-experimental designs and assessed interventions that provided support to care leavers prior to, during, or after they left OOHC. Primary outcomes were housing and homelessness, health and well-being, education, economic and employment, criminal and delinquent behavior, and risky behavior, while secondary outcomes were supportive relationships and life skills. Where possible, results were pooled in a meta-analysis. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Fourteen studies published in 27 reports were identified that examined independent living programs (ILPs) (n = 5), intensive support services (n = 2), coaching and peer support (C&PSP) (n = 2), transitional housing (n = 1), health information or coaching (n = 2), and extended care (n = 2). All but one study was conducted in the United States. Twenty small meta-analyses were undertaken encompassing ILPs and C&PSP, with two showing results that favored the intervention with certainty. The level of confidence in each meta-analysis was considered very low. A significant risk of bias was identified in each of the included studies. While some interventions showed promise, particularly extended care, the scope and strength of included evidence is insufficient to recommend any included approach.

CRISIS INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS PREVENTING POST-CORONA DELINQUENCY, RESULTS OF A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background: A novel Crisis Intervention Program for Children and Adolescents (CIPCA) has shown a positive effect in preventing posttraumatic psychopathology among IDP children. In this study, the effect of CIPCA is examined in a randomised controlled trial. Methods: During the Corona crisis in the city of Duhok in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, 97 of the enrolled 106 children between 6 - 18 years age accepted to participate in this study (response rate 91.5%). In the presence of a parent/caregiver, every participating child was interviewed within the first month after discharge from hospital or quarantine for Corona crisis. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was conducted to estimate child behavior problem scores before randomisation to a single one-hour CIPCA intervention or a waiting list. The CBCL interview was repeated 6 months later to estimate changes over time. Results: Delinquency behavior showed a significant difference between CIPCA and the waiting list over time, indicating a positive effect of CIPCA. Conclusions: CIPCA is effective in identifying and preventing post-Corona juvenile delinquency problems. Follow-up is planned to detect any psychopathological development.

Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood

Our society faces a great diversity of opportunities for youth. The 10-year Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS) program has the long-term goal to understand which combination of measures best predict societal trajectories, such as school success, mental health, well-being, and developing a sense of belonging in society. Our leading hypothesis is that self-regulation is key to how adolescents successfully navigate the demands of contemporary society. We aim to test these questions using socio-economic, questionnaire (including experience sampling methods), behavioral, brain (fMRI, sMRI, EEG), hormonal, and genetic measures in four large cohorts including adolescents and young adults. Two cohorts are designed as test and replication cohorts to test the developmental trajectory of self-regulation, including adolescents of different socioeconomic status thereby bridging individual, family, and societal perspectives. The third cohort consists of an entire social network to examine how neural and self-regulatory development influences and is influenced by whom adolescents and young adults choose to interact with. The fourth cohort includes youth with early signs of antisocial and delinquent behavior to understand patterns of societal development in individuals at the extreme ends of self-regulation and societal participation, and examines pathways into and out of delinquency. We will complement the newly collected cohorts with data from existing large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts. The study is embedded in a transdisciplinary approach that engages stakeholders throughout the design stage, with a strong focus on citizen science and youth participation in study design, data collection, and interpretation of results, to ensure optimal translation to youth in society.