Deliberate Mechanisms Research Articles

Political Party Deliberation: Mechanism for Safeguarding Constituent Rights against Vacancies in House of Representatives Affected by Political Party Dissolution

The Indonesian Constitutional Court has the power to dissolve political parties. But this power has never really been used. This research aims is to examine the impact of the legal vacuum created by the collapse of political parties. The problems raised in this research are as follows: First, aspects of the legitimacy of political party management deliberations in filling the vacancies of members of representative bodies as an implication of the dissolution of political parties;.Second, the deliberation mechanism of political party officials should be analyzed as a legal reform to fill the vacant positions of members of representative bodies from disbanded political parties. The findings of this study take the shape of a notion concerning party management decisions offering their constituent votes to other political parties that do not reach the threshold for collecting votes to sit in parliament because they do not satisfy the parliamentary threshold.

Norm Augmented Reinforcement Learning Agents With Synthesized Normative Rules

The dynamic deontic (DD) is a norm synthesis framework that extracts normative rules from reinforcement learning (RL), however it was not designed to be applied in agent coordination. This study proposes a norm augmented reinforcement learning framework (NARLF) that extends said model to include a norm deliberation mechanism for learned norms re-imputation for norm biased decision-making RL agents. This study aims to test the effects of synthesized norms applied on-line and off-line on agent learning performance. The framework consists of the DD framework extended with a pre-processing and deliberation component to allow re-imputation of normative rules. A deliberation model, the Norm Augmented Q-Table (NAugQT), is proposed to map normative rules into RL agents via q-values weight updates. Results show that the framework is able to map and improve RL agent's performance but only when synthesized off-line edited absolute norm salience value norms are used. This shows limitations when unstable salience norms are applied. Improvement in norm extraction and pre-processing are required.

The OBR and the fragilities, complexities and promise of technocratic economic governance

AbstractThis contribution explores how technocratic economic governance rests on underlying principles of political economy—normatively informed judgements about how the economy and policy operate. It shines light on how fiscal councils such as the OBR can open up (or close down) policy possibilities through the way they narrate economic crises, the trajectory of the economy and the fiscal stance. Noting the epistemic limits of technocracy, it shows how fiscal forecasting is based on a presumed knowability and legibility of the economy and the fiscal stance looking years or decades ahead—a questionable and problematic presumption. It highlights increasing tensions between expert oversight and populist and ‘post truth’ politics within Britain’s economic governance regime since Brexit. The Office provides oversight, and a form of accountability for government policy, and is itself accountable to parliament. Nevertheless, many of its key and consequential assumptions are obscured from democratic debate and oversight. The Office, and UK economic governance, would benefit from more robust mechanisms of democratic engagement and deliberation. Under-developed democratic accountability is a source of crucial fragility for technocratic economic governance. The piece ends by exploring the scope of OBR fiscal assessment of climate change and its costs—underlining the ‘politics of economic method’ and how subterranean methodological techniques in putting OBR economic ideas into practice can be of first-order political and policy significance. They can shape policy possibilities for tackling climate change for decades to come.

Grab What You Need: Rethinking Complex Table Structure Recognition with Flexible Components Deliberation

Recently, Table Structure Recognition (TSR) task, aiming at identifying table structure into machine readable formats, has received increasing interest in the community. While impressive success, most single table component-based methods can not perform well on unregularized table cases distracted by not only complicated inner structure but also exterior capture distortion. In this paper, we raise it as Complex TSR problem, where the performance degeneration of existing methods is attributable to their inefficient component usage and redundant post-processing. To mitigate it, we shift our perspective from table component extraction towards the efficient multiple components leverage, which awaits further exploration in the field. Specifically, we propose a seminal method, termed GrabTab, equipped with newly proposed Component Deliberator, to handle various types of tables in a unified framework. Thanks to its progressive deliberation mechanism, our GrabTab can flexibly accommodate to most complex tables with reasonable components selected but without complicated post-processing involved. Quantitative experimental results on public benchmarks demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts, especially under more challenging scenes.

‘Doff white shirts, don overalls’: Urbanophobia, Rural Enterprise and the Ideal of Masculine Citizenship in Post-Colonial Botswana

Historical studies of migration have largely ascribed the configuration of masculinities in Botswana to male labour migration. This discourse is beyond dispute. As a paradigm, however, it has obscured other histories of migration and their influence on cultural ideals of masculinity, where circular migratory patterns became central to the construction of national identity. In the first decade of independence, Botswana’s national policy and popular discourse centred around shaping a nation of farmers composed of masculine, rural citizens. Men were encouraged to go back to their lands to stem the tide of migration to urban areas, where they would purportedly become indolent and therefore wallow in poverty. This article analyses anti-urban rhetoric and valorisation of the virtues of farming as evidence of how rural enterprise was central to the construction of the ideal of masculine national identity in early post-colonial Botswana between the 1960s and 1970s. The attempt to construct national identity around manhood was a deliberate mechanism to sustain the patriarchy’s control over subordinated gendered categories, such as women, poor people and young men.

Signal effect of government regulations on ride-hailing drivers’ intention to mobile-based transportation platform governance: Evidence from China

The emergence of the ride-hailing economy has brought many benefits to society but has also presented several unprecedented governance challenges. To address the latter, a cooperative governance mode joined by multiple agents has been suggested as a potential regulatory paradigm for shared platforms. However, how government regulation affects governance participation intentions among different stakeholders remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, this study examines how ride-hailing drivers of China perceive government regulation and regulatory events and how this perception affects their intentions to participate in governance. The methodology involves two stages: interviews with 30 ride-hailing drivers and questionnaires completed by 375 drivers, followed by an empirical analysis. Results indicate that perceived government regulation and perceived values significantly influence governance participation intentions among ride-hailing drivers. Additionally, government regulatory events and positive network externality have a partial moderating effect on this relationship. These findings suggest that while external regulatory environment and regulatory return can increase governance participation intentions, they are insufficient to support co-governance. To effectively realize co-governance, governments must overcome the state-centrism bias that treats informal subjects (stakeholders) in platform governance as passive “participants” or “recipients.” This scenario can be achieved by advancing policy and issuing deliberation mechanisms that increase the formal position of drivers in platform governance, thus sending a signal to drivers that they are valued participants in the governance process.

(The Impossibility of) Deliberation‐Consistent Social Choice

AbstractThere is now a growing consensus among democratic theorists that we should incorporate both “democratic deliberation” and “aggregative voting” into our democratic processes. But how should the two democratic mechanisms of deliberation and voting interact? In this article, we introduce a new axiom, which we call “Nonnegative Response toward Successful Deliberation” (NNRD). The basic idea is that if some individuals change their preferences toward other individuals’ preferences through democratic deliberation, then the social choice rule should not make everybody who has successfully persuaded others through reasoned deliberation worse off than what they would have achieved without deliberation. We prove an impossibility theorem that shows that there exists no aggregation rule that can simultaneously satisfy NNRD along with other mild axioms that reflect deliberative democracy's core commitment to unanimous consensus and political equality. We offer potential escape routes; however, each escape route can succeed only by compromising some core value of deliberative democracy.

Effect of Gender on Access to Loans in Malawi

Access to loan is vital for households to supplement their current flow of income as they strive to meet their consumption and investment expenditure needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender on access to loans and amount of money that is borrowed. This is a quantitative research that used secondary cross section data collected from all parts of the country by the Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO) called The Fifth Integrated Household Survey (IHS 5) data. This is cross section data that was collect in the period from 2019 to 2020. Data was analysed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics and econometric models. Probit model was used to assess the effect of gender on access to credit and a multiple regression was used to determine the effect of gender on amount of money a household borrowed. This study found that Malawians borrow money mainly for consumption. On access to loans, results show that, being female increases the probability of accessing loans but reduces the amount of borrowed money. Education was found to have positive effect on both access to credit and amount of credit. To increase the amount of money that women borrow, the study recommends that public loan programs like National Economic Empowerment Fund (NEEF) must put in place deliberate mechanisms aimed at increasing the amount of money they lend to women. On education, we recommend compulsory primary school education, Business Studies in secondary school education and Entrepreneurship module in Colleges.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perusahaan Pelayaran Atas Wanprestasi Pencarter dalam Perjanjian Pengangkutan

Shipping companies are one of the parties that are vulnerable to becoming victims of default in a charter party agreement, thus in practice shipping companies as carriers always apply clauses of retention rights and sell cargo clauses in their charter party agreement. This research is a follow-up to earlier research that has discovered that charterers often commit acts of default, where this research focuses on legal protection for shipping companies in the event of default by charterers. This research is qualitative research using normative juridical research methods based on laws and case approach. A Charter party agreement is a legal relationship between the carrier and the charterer where the carrier binds himself to organize the transportation, nn the other hand the charterer binds himself to make payments. By the act of default committed by Bintang Sarana Laut, Co. Ltd. (charterer), Bendera Bahtera Kemenangan, Co. Ltd. (carrier) can terminate the agreement unilaterally without prejudice to their rights to demand reimbursement of costs, compensation, and interest. The law also gives the rights to Bendera Bahtera Kemenangan, Co. Ltd. to request guarantee before the cargo is delivered to Bintang Sarana Laut, Co. Ltd. But if Bintang Sarana Laut, Co. Ltd. doesn’t wish to provide any guarantee, Bendera Bahtera Kemenangan, Co. Ltd. can store the cargo and may file a lawsuit against Bintang Sarana Laut, Co. Ltd. and make a request to the court to give power for Bendera Bahtera Kemenangan, Co. Ltd. to sell the cargo as payment for charter and storgae fees. The method used by Bendera Bahtera Kemenangan, Co. Ltd. in resolving the default disputes in the charter party agreement is through a consensus deliberation mechanism.

Water conservancy, politics, and local society: a case study on the construction of the Yuanyangchi Reservoir during the Republican period*

ABSTRACT The Yuanyangchi Reservoir, located in Jinta County of Gansu Province and inaugurated in 1947, was the first large-scale modern earthen dam in China. Aimed at addressing regional social crises resulting from irrigation-related disputes, proponents of the Yuanyangchi Reservoir project went through a tumultuous process to get this project endorsed by the relevant authorities. This project was ultimately endorsed thanks to the Nationalist government’s preferential policies in favour of China’s Northwest and frontier regions and its obsession of “maintaining the unity in the rear regions” during the Second World War. During the implementation of the project, the local gentry proactively mobilized resources by means of their social authority and thus engendered a unique scenario, in which traditional social mobilization methods were evoked to promote a modern water conservancy project. It sheds light on China’s transition from a traditional approach to water conservancy to the modern one. To facilitate the implementation of the project, engineers helped introducing intra-basin deliberation mechanisms and measures to ensure the humanistic management of construction sites. All these efforts left a lasting influence on local society beyond irrigation and played a subtle role in the local modernization drive.

Técnica de Análise da Participação Social em Conselhos: Operacionalizando Conceitos

ABSTRACT Objective: this technological article presents a research technique used in the analysis of deliberative decision-making processes reports and their related variables to provide insights for institutional design analysis for an empowered participatory governance. Method: a descriptive analysis was used to articulate a viable heuristic of creation of a research technique for the operationalization of selected variables from a previously concluded case study, identifying aspects of document analysis, coding content analysis, and qualitative-quantitative translation strategies. Results: an adapted binary decomposition technique proved to be useful in the identification of operational variables from the analysis of the decision-making processes reports that can contribute to the production of concise diagnosis on relevant aspects of the institutional design of community councils and its role for the participation of traditional communities in their decisions. Conclusion: this article contributes to the expansion of the analytical dimension of deliberative community councils reports, including those related to traditional communities decision-making processes, and can serve as a relevant instrument for researchers for measuring institutional mechanisms of participation, empowerment, and democratic deliberation. The institutional design of community councils can be therefore improved by an increased understanding of the modes of participation of traditional communities in decision-making processes within such deliberative democratic spaces.

Bimbingan Teknis Peningkatan Keterampilan Aparatur Pemerintah Desa di Kecamatan Pammana Kabupaten Wajo

The concept of local self-governance places the village in an autonomous position in making and implementing village policies, so that this condition implies an increase in the capabilities and skills of the village apparatus in empowering the community in their village. The role played by village government officials in Pammana District, Wajo Regency is very important but has not been supported by adequate capabilities. In general, the ability of the village government apparatus in Wajo Regency has not been maximized in supporting the ongoing development process, especially in the community empowerment program. This fact has implications for the process and results of development that occurs in the village. Currently, the community empowerment process in Pammana District, Wajo Regency has been carried out by adhering to the bottom up principle. The district government carries out a Development Planning Deliberation (Musrembang) mechanism, including community empowerment programs starting from the village level as material for formulating empowerment and development programs in Wajo Regency as a whole. However, because the village government apparatus does not have adequate capabilities and skills in playing its role as a catalyst for development and community empowerment, development and empowerment in the village is less than optimal. Seeing the problems related to the not yet maximal role of the village government apparatus in planning and implementing empowerment development in the village, efforts were made to further improve the community empowerment capacity of the village government apparatus. A good level of quality planning and development management is needed for village government officials, in the form of capacity building through socialization and training. Through a series of empowerment activities, it can encourage accountable and transparent village governance and produce village apparatus cadres who have good knowledge, attitudes and skills in implementing development, especially community empowerment programs. With the quality of development planning that has been good in the region, so that it takes place better according to the conditions and needs of the region

Deliberative Democracy in Action: The Case of Musrenbang in Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract Indonesia has adopted a regularized public deliberation mechanism as a democratic innovation to ensure the inclusive involvement of citizens in city development planning. This research analyzes how the innovation, called Musrenbang, is conducted in one of the cities in Indonesia: Bandung. To conduct such analysis, we used literature analysis, direct observation, and focus group discussions (FGD s) to gather the research. This research found that Musrenbang in Bandung has the potential to be an ideal deliberative arena, although some challenges that disrupt the deliberation process are still present. We believe that the case of Musrenbang can further contribute to the deliberative democracy literature as a promising example of a regularized official system for public deliberation.

How Do Students Enact Group Reasoning Within Online Interprofessional Education?

Background: The capability of an interprofessional healthcare team to reach a shared understanding through group reasoning is critical to good healthcare delivery. Models for clinical reasoning have proved useful but remain focused on individual cognitive processes. Whilst interprofessional education has steadily gained real-world traction, it is unclear how interprofessional student groups practice group reasoning when performing online tasks. Method: We analyzed the group reasoning processes with two teams of health professional students in an online interprofessional education task (n = 13). Two simulated interprofessional team meetings about a palliative case were audio recorded, transcribed, and deductively analyzed to determine the mechanisms of team deliberation using a previously published study of group reasoning.Results: The reasoning mechanisms outlined in a previous study (informationaccumulating, sense-making, and decision-making) were evident in an analysis of student group reasoning. In particular, students focused on sharing and agreeing on information, and to a lesser extent, recording information. Conclusion: Attention to the mechanisms of action may be useful to facilitate teaching interprofessional reasoning. Group reasoning may benefit from focusing student attention on these stages: 1) prioritizing and sequencing of options, methods for exposing agreement about shared information, shared understanding of the situation, and options; 2) techniques for critically evaluating information so that opportunities arise to identify when information may disrupt existing understandings; and 3) development of documentation tools to assist recording of the process.

The Digital Participatory Budgeting and the Question of Deliberation: the Case of “Decide Madrid”

This article analyzes the emblematic case of digital participatory budgeting in Madrid, that took place between 2016 to 2019, known as “Decide Madrid”. The online platform “Consul” created by Madrid’s City Hall for Decide Madrid and other digital citizen participation mechanisms, was awarded by the United Nations and shared with dozens of cities around the world to implement their own digital participatory budgets. This document asks whether the apparent success of Decide Madrid has basis and particularly whether it served as a mechanism for citizen deliberation, this being one of the core values of the advocates of participatory democracy. The paper analyzes the number and content of digital comments on the 648 winning proposals in the last three years of Decide Madrid. Quantitative and qualitative analyses show that, despite its fame, Decide Madrid never served as a deliberation mechanism. Its few participants limited their activity to voting or, at best, leaving a comment on a web page. Deliberative discussions were minimal, even with the addition of some face-to-face spaces of participation. The analysis suggests that even in relatively wealthy countries, where the digital divide is weaker, digital mechanisms -at least on their own- are not yet sufficiently well designed to promote deliberation.

ANALISIS KONSINYASI TITIPAN UANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI SEBAGAI BENTUK PENYELESAIAN GANTI KERUGIAN PEMBEBASAN LAHAN JALAN TOL SUMATERA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI KALIANDA

Abstract
 Land is the most important element for humans to be able to live, this is because it is where natural and man-made resources grow and are also built. Indonesia regulates land ownership through this land law so that land use or management can be carried out carefully now and in the future. The land issue concerns the most basic rights of the people. The purpose of the study was to determine the consignment process in the District Court as a form of settlement of compensation for toll road land acquisition and its legal consequences. The results showed that the consignment process for compensation began with an application for consignment safekeeping, then an offer was made by the court bailiff accompanied by 2 (two) witnesses at the respondent's residence. The consignment waives the obligation as the debtor, because the consignment can be equated with making payments. All processes must be carried out in a manner that has been regulated by laws and regulations. Consignment is carried out so that government projects continue to run, through a deliberation mechanism that should be a means to find a middle way in determining the amount of compensation, often no agreement is reached.
 Keywords : Sumatra Toll Road, Consignment, Land Acquisition.

The rise of blockadia as a global anti-extractivism movement

ABSTRACT This viewpoint paper discusses the rise of blockadia as a global anti-extractivism movement over recent decades. It elucidates blockadia’s distinct characters and implications for future grassroots environmentalism. Collective actions constituting the blockadia movement differ from conventional environmental campaigns in terms of its (1) embrace of confrontational tactics, (2) integration of environmental and social justice concerns, and (3) reliance of grassroots coalitions whose members often have diversified backgrounds. By elaborating these characters, I argue that the rise of blockadia reveals diminishing public trust in capitalism’s capacity to avert the worst consequences of climate change. Blockadia thus presents a helpful concept to understand why climate justice activism increasingly bypasses traditional public deliberation mechanisms to intervene in energy policymaking at both state and regional levels.

The Analysis of Consincing Money Deposits in The State Court As A Form of Accountability of Land Liberation Land Loading In Sumatera Toll Road In Kalianda State Court

Land is the most important element for humans to live, this is because land is a place where natural and man-made resources grow and are also built. Indonesia even regulates land ownership through this Land Law so that land use or management can be carried out carefully in the present and in the future. Land issue is a problem that concerns the most basic rights of the people. If the person in possession of the receivable refuses payment from the debtor, then the party owed can make cash payment of the debt by offering a payment made by the bailiff accompanied by 2 (two) witnesses. If the debtor refuses to receive payment, the money is deposited in the cash registrar of the District Court as a deposit / consignment. The offer and safekeeping must be legalized by a judge's order. By carrying out a consignment, it will be freed from the obligation as the debtor, because a consignment can be equated with making payments. However, all this must be done in a manner regulated by statutory regulations. KThe signaling was carried out after the deliberation mechanism which was supposed to be a means of finding a middle way in determining the amount of compensation often failed to reach an agreement. the consignment was carried out so that government projects for the sake of continued progress
 
 Keywords: Consignment, Settlement of Land Acquisition Loss, Sumatran Toll Road

Deliberating Our Frames: How Members of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives Use Shared Frames to Tackle Within-Frame Conflicts Over Sustainability Issues

Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) have been praised as vehicles for tackling complex sustainability issues, but their success relies on the reconciliation of stakeholders’ divergent perspectives. We yet lack a thorough understanding of the micro-level mechanisms by which stakeholders can deal with these differences. To develop such understanding, we examine what frames—i.e., mental schemata for making sense of the world—members of MSIs use during their discussions on sustainability questions and how these frames are deliberated through social interactions. Whilst prior framing research has focussed on between-frame conflicts, we offer a different perspective by examining how and under what conditions actors use shared frames to tackle ‘within-frame conflicts’ on views that stand in the way of joint decisions. Observations of a deliberative environmental valuation workshop and interviews in an MSI on the protection of peatlands—ecosystems that contribute to carbon retention on a global scale—demonstrated how the application and deliberation of shared frames during micro-level interactions resulted in increased salience, elaboration, and adjustment of shared frames. We interpret our findings to identify characteristics of deliberation mechanisms in the case of within-frame conflicts where shared frames dominate the discussions, and to delineate conditions for such dominance. Our findings contribute to an understanding of collaborations in MSIs and other organisational settings by demonstrating the utility of shared frames for dealing with conflicting views and suggesting how shared frames can be activated, fostered and strengthened.

Konsinyasi/Penitipan Uang Sebagai Bentuk Ganti Rugi Atas Pengalihan Hak Tanah

Introduction: Securing land for the building of the Hunimua Ferry Crossing Port in Liang State, Central Maluku Regency, the deliberate mechanism that should be a means of compromise in the form of mutual compensation often does not reach a consensus, hence the way the dispute is resolved through the court's channel. On the other hand, in order for the completion of the assumed oil price to be paid by monetary or monetary services.Purposes of the Research: The study will review payment procedures by conifers and other monetary services for the development of the Hunimua ferry crossing of maluku district as a transference of land rights.Methods of the Research: The study is normatif yuridis, using analytic descriptive research types by using primary, secondary and tertiary source material. The approach used was a statute approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The technique for collecting legal materials used literature studies that were then analyzed qualitatively to address the issues discussed.Results of the Research: Payment procedures through consignment / deposit of money conducted by PT. ASDP Ferry (PERSERO) is in accordance with the provisions of the national land law in terms of the transfer of rights, which has been carried out according to land acquisition procedures through socialization and deliberation with land rights holders, but because the land is still in dispute, it is in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 2 of 2012, PT ASDP Fery Persero made a request for payment through consignment / deposit money. The consignment / deposit of money by PT ASDP Fery Persero for the construction of the Hunimua Ferry Crossing Port in Liang State, Central Maluku Regency has legal consequences for the transfer of land rights which are transferred from land rights holders to PT ASDP Fery Persero so that the construction activities of the Hunimua Ferry Port expansion can be carried out.