Deliberate Sampling Research Articles

Online Shopping Decisions Enhancement with Fuzzy Expert System

Purpose Nowadays, due to the rapid development of the Internet and the rapid growth of web pages, many electronic websites are using product recommendation systems to guide users to the products that they need. Such systems usually provide a list of suggested items that the user may prefer. These systems are provided as a support tool to help users obtain information that best meets their needs. These systems can actually improve user decisions, resulting in increased sales and mutual customer satisfaction. The purpose of the paper is to improve user decisions in online shopping using fuzzy expert system. Methodology: The statistical population of this study consists of 30 experts in the field of e-commerce who were selected by combining two methods of deliberate sampling and snowball sampling. To analyze the status of improvement of users' decisions, a fuzzy expert system was created using input variables business reputation status, environmental factors status in e-commerce, online store features; product specifications; user/customer characteristics. Findings: The final results showed that there is no significant difference between the results of the created expert system and the mean of expert opinions. Originality/Value: In this paper, a conceptual Model to improve user decisions in online shopping using a fuzzy expert system is designed.

Identification of Raw Materials, Processes and Products from Traditional Agroindustry Dadiah

Agroindustry of dadiah is a small industry of Minangkabau traditional food, made from buffalo milk through spontaneous fermentation. Dadiah is a combination of comparative and competitive advantages that has the potential to be developed in West Sumatra. This synergic and sustainable “local specific” development is expected to be able to increase community income and product added value. This is a further research, after mapping dadiah agroindustry. The purpose of this study is to identify the raw materials, processes and products of dadiah traditional food agro-industry that had been mapped in earlier studies. Dadiah identification includes physical properties (length and diameter of dadiah tube, color, moisture content), chemical (pH) and biological (BAL). The sampling technique uses deliberate sampling techniques, namely the agro-industry that is willing to be interviewed and whose products are analyzed. Observation on the identification of raw materials showed that the length of dadiah tube varied for each group. Tanah Datar District has an average size of 28+ 2cm. The dadiah product of Agam District, taken from two locations, each with size of 10 + 2 (Gaduik) and 17 +/-2 cm (Lambah), Sawahlunto District 30 +/-2 and Solok District 60+/2 5 cm. The physical properties of color, aroma and overall appearance are not different, namely yellowish white, dadiah distinctive aroma, solid shape, flat and curved surface. The chemical properties of dadiah have almost the same pH and ash content.

Purchase Behaviour of Environment-Friendly Automobiles

Objective - This research seeks to examine the purchase behaviour of environment-friendly automobiles. It also identifies the key factors affecting the purchase intention of green vehicles. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and primary data was analysed on Smart PLS3. The researcher utilised a non-probability sampling technique to select the most appropriate sample for this study. This type of sampling is also known as purposive sampling, deliberate sampling, and or judgement sampling. Independent variables of this study include environmental attitudes such as; environmental knowledge, environmental values and responsibility feeling. These variables were tested against purchase intention, which is regarded as a dependent construct of this study. Finding – Based on the findings, all the proposed hypotheses of this study are proven significant. Environmental knowledge has a positive effect on environmental values. Environmental values have a significant effect on the formation of a responsibility feeling. Responsibility feeling has a significant effect on the purchase intention of green vehicles. Novelty – Individuals who possess adequate knowledge about their environment are likely to develop environmental values, which then transforms into a responsibility feeling towards the environment and then predict the purchase intention of environment-friendly automobiles. Citizens should thus be equipped with adequate knowledge about environmental issues, through formal and informal education, and through socialization agencies and awareness campaigns, as this will help in boosting pro-environmental and sustainable human behaviours. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: O31, O32, O33. Keywords: Environment-friendly automobiles; purchase intention; environmental knowledge; environmental values; responsibility feeling. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mabaire, A.M; Guangquan, X.U; Moyo, N. (2021). Purchase Behaviour of Environment-Friendly Automobiles, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 9(1): 65 – 72. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.1(8)

Economic evaluation of a reduced dosage of ready-to-use therapeutic foods to treat uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6-59 months in Burkina Faso.

Ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF) used to treat children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are costly, and the prescribed dosage has not been optimized. The MANGO trial, implemented by Action Contre la Faim in Burkina Faso, proved the non‐inferiority of a reduced RUTF dosage in community‐based treatment of uncomplicated SAM. We performed a cost‐minimization analysis to assess the economic impact of transitioning from the standard to the reduced RUTF dose. We used a decision‐analytic model to simulate a cohort of 399 children/arm, aged 6–59 months and receiving SAM treatment. We adopted a societal perspective: direct medical costs (drugs, materials and staff time), non‐medical costs (caregiver expenses) and indirect costs (productivity loss) in 2017 international US dollar were included. Data were collected through interviews with 35 caregivers and 20 informants selected through deliberate sampling and the review trial financial documents. The overall treatment cost for 399 children/arm was $36,550 with the standard and $30,411 with the reduced dose, leading to $6,140 (16.8%) in cost savings ($15.43 saved/child treated). The cost/consultation was $11.6 and $9.6 in the standard and reduced arms, respectively, with RUTF accounting for 56.2% and 47.0% of the total. The savings/child treated was $11.4 in a scenario simulating the Burkinabè routine SAM treatment outside clinical trial settings. The reduced RUTF dose tested in the MANGO trial resulted in significant cost savings for SAM treatment. These results are useful for decision makers to estimate potential economic gains from an optimized SAM treatment protocol in Burkina Faso and similar contexts.

Pengaruh pertumbuhan UMKM, inflasi, dan tingkat pengangguran terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises), inflation, and unemployment on economic growth in Indonesia. In this study only 14 years were taken. This research uses quantitative research methods. The technique used in this study is Purposive Sampling, which is a deliberate sampling technique. The type of data used in this study is secondary. Data analysis techniques used in this study are the analysis of classic assumptions, multiple linear regression, and hypotheses. The formulation if the problem of the influence of MSME growth on economic growth in Indonesia, the effect of inflation on economic growth in Indonesia, the effect of unemployment on economic growth in Indonesia, the influence of MSME, inflation and, unemployment rates on economic growth in Indonesia. Partial results (T test) the influence of MSME (X1) of 0.010 <0.05, inflation (X2) of 0.029 <0.05, unemployment (X3) of 0.013 <0.05 and a significant positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. F test results (Simultaneous) showed a significant value of 0.007 <0.05 meaning that MSME, inflation, and unemployment simultaneously had a significant effect on economic growth in Indonesia. Then from the R-square test results of 0.656 or 65.6%. The magnitude of these results can be explained by the MSME variables,

ANALISIS KINERJA AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MENCEGAH TERJADINYA FRAUD KREDIT FIKTIF PT. BANK MUAMALAT CABANG MAKASSAR

This study aims to determine whether the performance of auditors in the Makassar Branch. The method of sampling technique used was purposive sampling, namely the technique of deliberate sampling. This study uses a simple linear regression analysis method and primary data manager using the SPSS program (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). Based on the results of the testing of the Partial Test (t-Test) the hypothesis is obtained that the Internal Auditor's Performance has a positive and significant influence on the Prevention of Fictional Credit Fraud. Testing the effect of Internal Auditor Performance variables on Fictional Prevention of Fraud can be seen by looking at the value of t count of 3.737 and t table of 2.045 with a significance value of 0.001. The value of t count is greater than t table and the significance value is below 0.05 which indicates a significant effect of the Internal Auditor Performance variable on the Prevention of Fictional Fraud. So that the auditor's performance can prevent fictional credit fraud.

SERICULTURE AND TOURISM: THE STAKEHOLDERS’ VIEWS ON SERICULTURE IN HATAY

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ipekçilik kültürünün mevcut durumunu, ipekçilik kültürünün turistik ürün olarak değerlendirilmesine yönelik sorunları ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda önemli ipekçilik merkezlerinden biri olan Hatay, araştırma evreni olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak görüşme tekniği kullanılmış olup görüşmeler araştırma amacı doğrultusunda hazırlanan görüşme soruları çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Örneklem, Hatay’da ipekçilik ve turizm konularını ilgilendiren kamu kurumu, yerel yönetim, sivil toplum kuruluşları, turizm işletmeleri üst düzey yöneticileri, akademisyen ve ipek sanatçılarını içeren 10 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar ile görüşmeler sonucu elde edilen görüşme metinleri içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Hatay’da ipekçilik kültürünün mevcut durumu ile ilgili “ipekçiliğin sürdürülmesinde karşılaşılan zorluklar”, “ipekçiliğin yerel halka katkıları” ve “ipekçiliğe duyulan ilgi” konuları öne çıkmaktadır. İpekçiliğin sürdürülmesine yönelik yapılması gerekenler konusunda “eğitim ve koruma”, “teşvikler”, “tanıtım ve bilinçlendirme”, ve “paydaşların ortak hareketi” konuları öne çıkarken ipekçiliğin turistik ürün olarak ön plana çıkarılması ile ilgili ise “tanıtım”, “arz” ve “yerli üretim ve teşvik” konuları ön plana çıkmıştır.

The Role Of Agroforestry Towards Local Culture And Agroforestry Farmer Attitudes Towards Its Environment In Bulungan District, North Kalimantan Province

The Agroforestry System in Mara Satu village largely follows traditional patterns. The reason the farmers apply the agroforestry pattern has become a local culture that was passed down from their ancestors. The community of farmers is still very dependent on the commodity yields from the agroforestry system, but the community is not aware that agroforestry also affects the local culture, including the attitude of farmers to their environment. Regarding cultural aspects, agroforestry can play a role in tenure aspects, preserving various cultural identities, maintaining local institutions, and preserving traditional knowledge, while looking at farmers attitudes towards the environment, they can assess their attitudes towards grazing forested animals, harvesting forest products and attitudes of agroforestry farmers in maintaining staple plants. so this study aims to determine how the role of agroforestry in local culture and how the attitude of agroforestry farmers to their environment in the village of Mara Satu, Bulungan District. This research was conducted in the village of Mara Satu, Tanjung Palas Barat District, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. The methodology used is a purposive sampling method that is deliberate sampling while the determination of the number of samples is determined based on the Slovin technique. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive and loaded in tabular form. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that agroforestry practices developed by farmers in the village of Mara Satu play an important role in protecting farmer's tenure rights, preserving cultural identity, enhancing the role of local institutions, and preserving traditional knowledge. Agroforestry farmers in Mara Satu village can also be said to be quite concerned about their environment. This is evidenced by the majority of agroforestry farmers not tending livestock in the forest and they no longer cut wood in the forest for sale but benefit from non-timber forest products such as swallow nests (Collocalia maxima), aloeswood (Aquilaria malaccensis), lapiu fruit (Archidendron panviflorum) and honey bee (Apis koschevnikovi) from the forest. Besides that, Mara Satu village farmers always take care of their agroforestry staple plants, in this case, durian (Durio zibethinus), as well as they, take care of other forest plants, although the intensity of each respondent varies, because they realize that it is very important to maintain the forest.

Assessment of privacy and security perception of biometric technology case study of Kaduna state tertiary academic institutions

AbstractBiometric authentication technology are being increasingly used for many applications. Since such technology requires high level human interaction, effective implementation and acceptability of such system depends on users' perception, particularly, in the area of system safety and privacy. This study was conducted using a survey design accomplished through the use of a descriptive rating, Likert‐type survey instrument. Quantitative data were collected from participants in four tertiary academic institutions and Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 was used for data analysis. The survey focuses on three universities and a polytechnic situated in Kaduna metropolis. Deliberate sampling technique was used in selecting the four academic institutions, stratified random sampling technique was used in administering the survey instrument to 50 respondents from each institutions. The survey sampled 200 participants. Result from the study revealed the importance of considering users' perception before the implementation of biometric system. Major factors that significantly influence perception in this study are users' knowledge of biometric system and gender. Furthermore, 99.5% of the respondents show that public enlightenment and formulation of appropriate legal guidelines to back the use of biometric information will instil confidence in users of biometric technology.

UNESCO Yaratıcı Gastronomi Şehri Hatay ın Yerel Gastronomi İşletmecilerinin Bakış Açısıyla Farkındalık Düzeyinin İncelenmesi

In this study, it is aimed to examine the awareness level of local gastronomic establishments related to the fact that Hatay is a UNESCO creative gastronomic city. For this purpose, semistructured interviews were held with 8 local gastronomic business managers. Interviews were carried out between November and December 2019 with the deliberate sampling method. Content analysis was applied to the obtained data. Based on the content analysis, the managers; It is concluded that Hatay's high level of knowledge and awareness of tourism assets, perceptions of gastronomy city, customer information activities and promotion and marketing activities. All these results indicate that the managers of local gastronomic enterprises have a high level of knowledge and awareness about declaring Hatay as a UNESCO creative gastronomic city. However, it has been stated that the activities carried out for regional investments and projects such as advertisement, promotion and marketing for the creative gastronomic city are insufficient. It is concluded that the developments regarding gastronomy tourism in Hatay remain limited due to these deficiencies.

Gender Perception towards Spiritual Health Seekers Satisfaction and Service Quality at Yog Gram, Haridwar

Present study is evaluating gender perception towards treatment and service quality at Yog Gram. Gender is Independent variables categorised in male and female. Dependent variables are patient satisfaction and service quality. Study is based on formative scale and data is collected on deliberate sampling. Analysis is performed using software JAMOVI for computing t-test. Findings include there is significant difference found in the perception of spiritual health seekers satisfaction and service quality at Yog Gram.

Anxiety and depression on gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy

To investigate the effects of anxiety and depression on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in early pregnancy. A prospective study was conducted in 2017 to select 1426 single-child healthy pregnant women of 8-14 weeks from the Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children through a deliberate sampling method. The age was(28. 6±4. 0) years old. Basic information such as age, pre-pregnancy weight, parity, and gravidity of pregnant women was collected through questionnaire survey. The anxiety self-rating scale(SAS) and depression self-rating scale(SDS) were used to collect information of anxiety and depression in pregnant women, and their anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated according to the result of Chinese norm. At 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was conducted. GDM was diagnosed according to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Diabetes in China(2014). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the effects of anxiety and depression on GDM in pregnant women. The incidence of GDM in early pregnancy anxiety group and depression group was 41. 8% and 33. 6%, respectively. The incidence of anxiety, depression, and anxiety combined with depression were 7. 7%, 10. 5% and 4. 8%, respectively. The incidence of anxiety and depression in the group of pregnant women younger than 30 years old(9. 0% and 11. 7%) was higher than that in the group of pregnant women older than 30 years old(5. 3% and 8. 1%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the group of nulliparous women(8. 8% and 11. 9%) was higher than that in the group of multiparous women(5. 4% and 6. 4%). The difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05). After adjusting the confounding factors such as age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, family history of diabetes, gravidity, parity, energy intake, conception, education, occupation, smoking and drinking, the result showed that the risk of GDM in anxious pregnant women was increased, compared with that in non-anxious pregnant women in early pregnancy(OR=1. 556, 95% CI 1. 014-2. 387). However, the association between early pregnancy depression and the occurrence of GDM was not found(P>0. 05). Compared with the non-anxiety group in the early pregnancy, the risk of GDM in the anxiety group was increased both in pregnant women under 30 years old(OR=1. 654, 95% CI 1. 004-2. 726) and nulliparous women(OR=1. 633, 95% CI 1. 013-2. 634). No correlation between anxiety and risk of GDM was observed in pregnant women over 30 years old and multiparous women(P>0. 05). Anxiety in early pregnancy increases the risk of GDM. Pregnant women under 30 years old and and nulliparous women are at high risk of anxiety.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PELAYANAN, SARANA PRASARANA, KEUNIKAN OBJEK, DAN KEAMANAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERTARIKAN WISATAWAN PADA PANTAI BARON GUNUNGKIDUL

This study aims to determine whether: service factors affect tourist attraction, infrastructure facilities influence tourist attraction, object uniqueness factors affect tourist attraction and security factors affect tourist attraction. And know the magnitude of the influence of factors of service, infrastructure, uniqueness of objects, and safety simultaneously on the attraction of tourists to Baron Gunungkidul Beach. The population in this study is the visitor / tourist attraction of Baron Beach. Samples taken as many as 100 respondents using the Accidental Sampling technique (sampling choose who happened to be / found) and using the Purposive Side technique that is deliberate sampling (researchers determine their own samples taken because there are certain considerations). Based on the results of research that has been tested: service has a positive and significant effect on tourist attraction, Infrastructure has a positive and significant effect on tourist attraction, The uniqueness of the object has a positive and significant effect on tourist interest, Security has a positive and significant effect on tourist interest and simultaneous service variables, infrastructure, uniqueness of objects and security have a significant effect on the attraction of tourism in the Baron beach tourism object. While the magnitude of the influence of the four independent variables on the dependent variable is 54.7%, and the remaining 45.3% tourist interest is influenced by other variables.

MODEL PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN PAKET A SETARA SD /MI MATA PELAJARAN PPKN

Studi eksplorasi yang dilakukan realitas menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan kesetaraan pada Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) masih belum sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum dan Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) mengetahuai bagaimanakah langkah penyusunan modul pendidikan kesetaraan Mata Pelajaran PPKn Paket A setara SD/MI, 2)Pengujian efektifitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul dalam proses pembelajaran. 3) Menguji validitas dan reabilitas dari produk modul pendidikan kesetaraan Mata Pelajaran PPKn Paket A setara SD/MI. Target pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VI di PKBM Putri Gina yang terdiri dari satu kelas dengan jumlah warga belajar 15 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel secara sengaja sesuai dengan pesyaratan komposisi anggota sampel berdasarkan jenis pelakuan. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan maka disimpulkan model pendidikan paket A setara SD/MI mata pelajaran PPKn. Setelah dilakanakan pengujian, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul kesetaraan paket A SD/MI mata pelajaran PPKn memiliki keefektifan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini juga didukung dengan penyusunan modul yang bersifat mandiri dan konstekstual sehingga memudahkan warga belajar paket yang memiliki keterbatas, waktu untuk mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat tetap mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis modul secara mandiri.
 
 Exploration studies conducted in reality show that the implementation of equality education at the Center for Community Learning Activities (PKBM) is still not in accordance with the demands of the curriculum and National Standards for Early Childhood Education and Community Education. The purpose of this study are: 1) to find out how the steps in the preparation of equality education modules in the PPKn Package A equivalent to SD / MI, 2) Testing the effectiveness of learning by using modules in the learning process. 3) Test the validity and reliability of equality education module products in PPKn Package A courses equivalent to SD / MI. The target in this study was grade VI students at PKBM Putri Gina which consisted of one class with 15 learning residents. This study uses a sampling technique is purposive sampling that is deliberate sampling in accordance with the requirements of the composition of sample members based on the type of treatment. Based on the results of the. This is also supported by the preparation of modules that are independent and contextual so as to facilitate citizens to learn packages that have limited, time to attend teaching and learning activities can continue to follow module-based learning independently.Discussion, it was concluded that the model A education model is equivalent to SD / MI PPKn subjects. After testing, learning by using the equivalency module A package SD / MI PPKn subjects have effectiveness in the learning process
 

The Impact of Making Canal Blocking on Growth Red Chili Plant Production (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Increased chili production continues to meet the demand for chili in an area. This study aimed to determining the importance of the influence of making canal blocking on water availability to increase growth and production of red chili plants. This study used a survey method, the method consisted of several stages including determining the location of sampling taken by purposive sampling, namely deliberate sampling with the required sample requirements. The results obtained from interviews and filling out the questionnaire stated that the water source they found for their plant water needs was the water available on the canal. The canal which was around the land was a secondary and tertiary canal, while the primary canal was located quite far approximately 300-500 m which was located around the edge of the road. The result of the analysis showed that making canal blocking in an effort to increase the availability of water there was no significant difference in the parameters of flowering and harvest age. Making canal blocking could increase plant canopy width, plant height, fruit weight/plant weight and fruit weight/m2, and canal blocking could increase water availability for plants so as to increase production to 20 tons.ha−1.

Perceived Potential Barriers to Implementation of Nutritional Therapy Practice Guidelines in Critically Ill Adults in a District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BACKGROUND: Transitional challenges in the disease profile and healthcare systems have revealed the need for the development of guidelines to assist healthcare practitioners in decision making regarding patient care. Implementing strong evidence‐based guideline recommendations into clinical practice is associated with improved clinical outcomes for patients, and integrated and collaborative nutritional services.
 
 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify perceived barriers to implementing national enteral nutritional therapy practice guidelines in critically ill adults in a district hospital and primary healthcare institutions in South Africa. 
 
 METHODS: A quantitative descriptive research design was followed in this study. The district and institutions were selected using non-probability deliberate purposive and convenience sampling methods to select healthcare professionals (HCPs) for the study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analysed with the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. 
 
 RESULTS: Ninety-six HCPs participated in the study which included nurses (76.0%, n = 73), doctors (10.4%, n = 10), pharmacists (7.3%, n = 7), nutrition specialists (5.2%, n = 5), and a speech-language therapist (1.0%, n = 1). Lack of awareness among HCPs and unavailability of enteral nutritional therapy practice guidelines ENTPGs in the institutions were identified as potential high priority barriers to implementation.
 
 CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate the need for introducing guidelines to HCPs and institutions to create awareness of such guidelines and thus encourage adherence to recommendations. There is a strong need for further research on strategies to manage the identified barriers to facilitate adoption and implementation of the national enteral nutritional therapy practice guidelines for adults in a South African context.

Impact of Surgeon Gender on Online Physician Reviews

BackgroundThe increasing use of review websites by consumers has become a crucial first step in choosing a physician with more than half of Americans consulting review sites before physician selection. We sought to identify whether differences exist in the quality and content of online reviews for men versus women surgeons. MethodsUsing a deliberate sampling algorithm of the two most populated physician review websites, RateMDs.com and Yelp.com, we purposefully sampled reviews for the top 20 surgeons per tercile from the four most populated urban areas in the United States: New York, Houston, Los Angeles, and Chicago. A grounded theory qualitative assessment was performed of major and minor thematic elements including global rating, communication, technical skills, and comments on ancillary elements. ResultsFour-hundred and thirty-one online patient reviews of 238 surgeons were identified from RateMDs.com (51%) and Yelp.com (49%) with available information on gender for analysis. Seventy-six percent of reviews were of male surgeons. Reviewers were more likely to mention a global rating and technical skill for men compared with women surgeons. Most reviews were positive with no difference in global rating by gender (83.7% positive for men and 74.3% positive for women, P = 0.08). Women surgeons were more likely to have positive comments on social interactions as compared with men (94.7% versus 88.0%, P = 0.03); whereas men surgeons were more likely to have a positive rating on technical skill compared with women (88.2% versus 76.2%, P = 0.04). ConclusionsThe content and quality of online surgeon reviews differ by gender. There is no difference in global rating between men and women. Women are rated higher for social interaction domains and men are rated higher on technical skill domains.

BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA TANAH GAMBUT TERBAKAR DAN TIDAK TERBAKAR DI DESA SUNGAI BESAR KABUPATEN KETAPANG

Peatlands is one of the ecosystem types in tropical rainforests. Peatland has very high conservation value and other functions such as the hydrological function carbon stocks, and biodiversity which is important for environmental comfort and animal life. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the impact of fires on the physical and chemical properties of burning and non burning peat soils. This study carried out a field survey method with deliberate sampling (purposive sampling). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of peat soil after a fire did not change, namely at soil temperature, air humidity was almost the same while the air temperature, soil moisture, pH, C-organic, depth, C/N (0-20 cm) has increased but not significantly. For the chemical properties of peat soil after fire there is an increase in the value of C-organic, CEC, phosphorus, sulfur,ash content, N-total depth (21-40 cm). this means that after fires the nutrients mostly affect peat soil. From the information on the nature of peat soil obtained in land restoration studies to use qualitative soil after burning.Keywords: Burn, chemical pea soil, Peatlands, Physicalpeat soil.

Assessing Competence in Central Venous Catheter Placement by Pediatric Critical Care Fellows: A National Survey Study.

To describe the current approach to initial training, ongoing skill maintenance, and assessment of competence in central venous catheter placement by pediatric critical care medicine fellows, a subset of trainees in whom this skill is required. Cross-sectional internet-based survey with deliberate sampling. United States pediatric critical care medicine fellowship programs. Pediatric critical care medicine program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited fellowship programs. None. A working group of the Education in Pediatric Intensive Care Investigators research collaborative conducted a national study to assess the degree of standardization of training and competence assessment of central venous catheter placement across pediatric critical care medicine fellowship programs. After piloting, the survey was sent to all program directors (n = 67) of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited pediatric critical care medicine programs between July 2017 and September 2017. The response rate was 85% (57/67). Although 98% of programs provide formalized central venous catheter placement training for first-year fellows, only 42% of programs provide ongoing maintenance training as part of fellowship. Over half (55%) of programs use a global assessment tool and 33% use a checklist-based tool when evaluating fellow central venous catheter placement competence under direct supervision. Only two programs (4%) currently use an assessment tool previously published and validated by the Education in Pediatric Intensive Care group. A majority (82%) of responding program directors believe that a standardized approach to assessment of central venous catheter competency across programs is important. Despite national mandates for skill competence by many accrediting bodies, no standardized system currently exists across programs for assessing central venous catheter placement. Most pediatric critical care medicine programs use a global assessment and decisions around the ability of a fellow to place a central venous catheter under indirect supervision are largely based upon subjective assessment of performance. Further investigation is needed to determine if this finding is consistent in other specialties/subspecialties, if utilization of standardized assessment methods can improve program directors' abilities to ensure trainee competence in central venous catheter insertion in the setting of variable training approaches, and if these findings are consistent with other procedures across critical care medicine training programs, adult and pediatric.

Analisis Studi Kelayakan Bisnis Pemanfaatan Limbah Agribisnis Menjadi Energi Alternatif di Kecamatan Tanah Jawa Kabupaten Simalungun

This study aims to determine the business feasibility of utilizing agribusiness waste (rice husks and corncobs) into alternative energy in Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency. This research was conducted for six months from June to December 2016. This study analyzed the market and marketing of rice husk waste and corn cobs into charcoal briquettes and analyzed the feasibility of investment in the construction of charcoal briquette installations in Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency. The samples in this study were entrepreneurs of rice refineries and corn refineries spread in Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency. The sampling method used is the saturated sample method, which is a deliberate sampling process wherein because the population is small, all populations are sampled. Samples from rice refineries were 2 refineries, while samples from corn refineries were 4 refineries. Data analysis methods use income analysis, business feasibility financial analysis, and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the utilization of rice husk waste and corncobs into alternative energy (charcoal briquettes) in Tanah Jawa District, Simalungun Regency was feasible and profitable to be cultivated.