Delhi NCR Research Articles

Review of Secondary Aerosol Formation and Its Contribution in Air Pollution Load of Delhi NCR

Review of Secondary Aerosol Formation and Its Contribution in Air Pollution Load of Delhi NCR

Development and validation of a questionnaire to find usage patterns and beliefs about therapeutic ultrasound among physiotherapists in Delhi NCR

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are commonly faced problems. With technological advancement and sedentary lifestyle, its prevalence is increasing every day. Till a few years ago pharmacotherapy was the mainstay of treatment, but as awareness is increasing; Physiotherapy is emerging as one of the effective non-pharmacological treatment approaches. Physiotherapy is an application of manual therapy and electrotherapy for the correction of pain and bodily dysfunctions. Therapeutic ultrasound is a commonly used electrical modality in physiotherapy setups. Evidence suggests a strong beneficial effect of it on musculoskeletal pains and injuries. The Indian Physiotherapy practice has its own modification as per cultural and social influence. There are various setup models like private clinics, hospital setups, institution-based OPD, etc. As they work in different clinical setups, the beliefs about the usage of ultrasound also vary among them. So, the current study aims to develop a questionnaire to find usage patterns and beliefs about therapeutic ultrasound and to establish the content validity of the same. Results: The questionnaire was developed through an extensive literature search done by different search engines with therapeutic ultrasound, parameters, and Physiotherapists as the keywords used. The final draft of the questionnaire once formed was assessed for content validity. Lawshe’s method of content validity was used in which the questionnaire was sent to 5 panelists included in the study based on inclusion criteria and their opinion on each item was taken. A content validity ratio was calculated as 0.72. Indicating a moderate content validity of the questionnaire formulated. Conclusion: Using Lawshe’s method, a questionnaire with two sections on usage patterns and beliefs about therapeutic ultrasound in physiotherapists of Delhi/NCR was formulated with moderate content validity. Future work will determine the scoring method for using this tool, interrater reliability, and predictive validity to facilitate optimal utilization of such questionnaire in clinical and academic practice.

An Assessment of Futuristic Variables Determining Affordable and Dignified Community Living for Senior Citizens in India

The Indian government reports projected the population increase of senior citizens from 13% in 2011 to 23% in 2036. In such a population expansion, it is a dire need to provide them with dignified, secure, happy, and affordable living. Further, physically, emotionally, and economically, senior citizens have a high dependency on their family members and friends. The primary data has been collected, constituting a sample size of 200 elderly people, who are above 60 years and belong to middle and high-income groups, residing in Delhi NCR. The key requirement that emerged from the study for the growing older population is the locational advantage of community living with full-fledged legal ownership of home along with affordability criteria.

Impact Of Talent Management Strategies For Employee Retention In Indian IT Sector.

Background: In the Delhi-NCR region, staff retention is dropping in the IT sector. Talent management techniques are proposed in this study as elements that boost employee retention in the IT industry.
 
 Objective: Understanding the notion of talent management, the effects of recruiting and selecting candidates, coaching and mentoring, and compensation on employees' performance, are the goals of this study.
 The study used a descriptive research methodology. Employees in the Delhi NCR region's IT sector made up the sample of respondents.
 Results: The study discovered that employee retention was positively and significantly impacted by talent management techniques.
 Conclusions: The conclusion 285 respondents were chosen from the IT industry employees using basic random sample methods and stratified sampling methods. The structured questionnaire was made for the analysis Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were used for the data analysis. Findings of this study was that talent management practices are important factors for the consideration of employee retention for organization effectiveness and productivity.

A Study on the Role of Demographic Variables on Online Payment in Delhi NCR

The first part discusses the introduction of the topic, followed by the different types of online payments. The research discusses the present condition of e- commerce, and the online payment mechanisms used in Delhi NCR. The study segment employs a questionnaire survey to investigate several types of client attitudes concerning online payments. The questionnaire was filled out by 50 respondents from Delhi NCR. The statistical test used was ANOVA. The main objectives of the study were to understand whether there is a difference between respondents’ gender & the frequency of online payments, the pros & cons of online payments & challenges of online payments. Also, the researcher tries to understand whether there is difference between respondents’ age & the fre- quency of online payments, the pros & cons of online payments & challenges of online payments. The findings concluded that there is no significant asso- ciation between the gender of the respondent & other parameters, whereas, in the case of the age of the respondent, a significant association has been seen.

Are citizens of Delhi willing to stop using private vehicles for their daily office commute in order to reduce air pollution and related ailments? A protocol for a contingent valuation study

Background: Increased vehicular traffic is associated with higher levels of air and noise pollution which in turn causes high morbidity and mortality. Governments, including Delhi have invested high amounts in setting up and running public transport systems in order to rationalize road usage and limit vehicles on road. This study proposes to assess the willingness of the citizens to give up their private vehicles in favor of public transport and will provide specific policy recommendations.Methods: This study will be conducted in Delhi/NCR along the Delhi metro route. A systematic review and cross-sectional community survey will be carried out to meet the study objectives. Data will be captured through computer aided personal interviews (CAPI) using contingent valuation methods (CVM). This study will provide information on the perceptions and attitudes of commuters towards the current public transport system and the economic value placed by them on private transportation and provide an estimate of the welfare gain associated with it. Specific objective wise outputs have been framed. This will be the first study using contingent valuation methods (CVM) in a similar setting in India.Conclusions: The result will provide an evaluation of the public transport system of Delhi NCR from a user perspective. The willingness to pay values will provide a monetary value to the health benefits arising from shift from private to public modes of transport along with workable models of interventions for policy makers.

A Study Of The Factors Influencing The Acquisition And Retention Of Customers In The Indian Telecommunications Industry: Systematic Analysis Using The SPSS Model

The purpose of this article is to discover the important factors that influence the acquisition and retention of clients of Indian telecommunications carriers. The survey has been conducted to 54 respondents across Delhi NCR in line with the objective of the study has been conducted from 31 variables identified from various literature reviews. The 31 variables have been categorized into six factors such as service, support, CRM, price, network, and regulatory. Survey-based questionnaires were used to collect data for 54 respondents using Google Form. The study finds out that value added services, reliability of service factor, commitment of support factor, call rates and offers of pricing factor, network quality of network factor and telecom policy of regulatory factor significantly influencing customer acquisition and retention of Indian telecom companies. This study is of great benefit to university researchers, managers, and telecommunications practitioners.

A Study of Air Pollution Episode Over Delhi National Capital Region, India During October 29, 2016- November 03, 2016

Northern India has an increase in surface air pressure during winter; this causes the atmosphere to clearout, resulting in the production of significant surface inversions. High-pressure zones are also calm andwind direction changes only when a western disturbance enters the area. The wind is substantially strongerwhen there is a low-pressure system. As a result, the pollutants in northern India are regulated by a sequenceof high- and low-pressure weather situations. October 29, 2016, was when the wind direction unexpectedlyshifted from NW to NE and then to N. Wind speeds dropped from 1-6 km/h to near-calm during this time,which indicated the passing of a high-pressure zone, based on the readings of the pressure gauges. Pollutionfrom northern states was brought into the national capital region by a combination of low wind speed andthe wind’s direction. NCR was clogged with high levels of particulate matter during Diwali celebrations,which were exacerbated by heavy traffic, factory production, and firecrackers. The grave situation persisteduntil the wind shifted directions and increased its velocity. On the monostatic acoustic radar installed atREMTech, Shamli, detected the persistence of a substantially raised layer over the region, implying thatvertical mixing of pollutants was severely harmed or limited. As a result of this state, pollutants accumulated,resulting in a severe bout of air pollution. The findings of this study details an incident of such air pollution happened over Delhi NCR.

A Comparative Study of Household Women in Delhi NCR on Consumer Perception Towards Milk and Milk Products

Milk and its derivatives are a necessary component of a family's diet. It is precisely this kind of food that offers the critical nourishment required for people to be healthy. Milk is also a source of revenue for cattle ranchers. Consumer perception is essentially the consumer's behavioral habit while acquiring products or services (Jisana, 2014). Companies pay close attention to their consumers' requirements and requests to please them and benefit from increased sales. Every company's marketing department is focused on developing methods for expanding their customer base via effective advertising and promotion of their goods. However, customers prefer to patronize independent milk vendors, particularly those not branded, when selling milk and milk products. They decide to buy milk based on their reflection, regardless of whether they can obtain the highest quality goods. This research aims to decipher consumer behavior toward milk and related products, particularly in Delhi and from the perspective of women homemakers. A study of 103 households in the Delhi NCR was conducted to ascertain their preferences for milk and milk products based on the brand of the product. The research shows a considerable variation in consumers' preferences for branded and unbranded milk and milk products.

Determinants Driving the Student’s Decision Making to Opt Institution for Higher Education in India: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study intends to build up a thorough understanding of the determinants that largely influence student’s decision-making to opt institution for higher education empirically from the Indian perspective. It also attempts to develop the rank of importance of the determinants influencing their institution selection decision. Prior research has various constructs that influence the design of the student’s career path, but this is the first time, “uncertainty” a new construct has been introduced which made this study relevant. The factor analysis was conducted to analyze the data of 558 students of Delhi NCR, India, and identified seven determinants namely Holistic institutional environment, Conformity influence, Human intelligence, Institutional prominence, Geographic characteristics, Student residential life, and Financial viability that impact student’s decision-making to opt institution for higher education. The findings of the study can guide educational institutions by empowering them to set objectives to draw the interest of students to pursue higher studies.

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance of Nurses with the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction

The current study investigates the effect of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on the performance of nurses with the mediating effect of job satisfaction. This study measures the concept of EI, Job Performance, and Job Satisfaction across 385 respondents from various private and government hospitals and the locale of the study was the Delhi NCR region. PLS-SEM was used for analyzing the data. The result indicates that a relationship exists between these three variables and job satisfaction mediates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence & Job performance. The findings of the current study showed that awareness of emotions, regulation of emotions, and managing of emotions are the significant components of EI which enhances leadership, critical care, professional development, interpersonal relationships, planning and collaboration aspects of Job Performance. Further, the mediating effects support that the positive working conditions and organizations’ compensation policy fetches higher level of Job Satisfaction among the professional and nursing employees who are satisfied as well as having a higher level of Emotional Quotient would be a better performer than the employees who are having a low level of emotional intelligence. It can be recommended that while recruiting nursing employees along with their technical competence EI competence needs to be equally emphasized. Similarly, EI needs to be integrated into healthcare practice guidelines and performance evaluations as it is one of the important assets of individual persona.

Modelling built-up land expansion probability using the integrated fuzzy logic and coupling coordination degree model

The expansion of built-up area is the most noticeable form of urbanization-induced land use/land cover (LULC) change. In the global cities of south, the urban sprawl is increasing rapidly with even higher probabilities of future built-up expansion. These cities are witnessing unsustainable urban growth with no consideration of eco-friendly environmental condition and quality of life due to rapid expansion in built-up area. Indian cities too have been witnessing rapid urban growth and built-up expansion especially in the large metropolitan cities like Delhi. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to model the built-up expansion probabilities in Delhi National Capital Region (Delhi NCR) using remote sensing datasets and an integrated fuzzy logic and coupling coordination degree model (CCDM). For this, initially, the LULC classification was done using random forest (RF) classifier to extract the built-up area. Further, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) integrated fuzzy sets were applied using the extracted built-up area along with a set of economic, demographic, proximity parameters, topographic, and utility services. Five zones of built-up expansion probabilities were made namely very high, high, medium, low and very low. The result shows that the probability of built-up expansion in Delhi NCR is maximum under very high and high probability zones, whereas minimum expansion probabilities come in the very low probability zone for both base year i.e., 2018 and future years. Moreover, between base year and future years, the probability of built-up expansion has increased maximum (5.72%) under the very high zone while it declined by 14.06% in low probability zone. The validation of built-up probability using CCDM shows that the AHP integrated fuzzy logic-based probability model is robust while predicting built-up probability. The results of this study may provide useful insights for the urban planning department and policy makers to mitigate the adverse impacts of built-up expansion. Similar approach may be utilized in the analyzing the built-up urban expansion of other major cities of the world similar geographical conditions.

The Time-Based Effects of Kinesio Taping on Acute-Onset Muscle Soreness and Calf Muscle Extensibility among Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

Background: This study aims to determine the effects of kinesio tape (KT) application on acute-onset muscle soreness and the extensibility of the calf muscles in endurance athletes. Methods: A one-arm repeated-measures randomized cross-over controlled study design investigated 55 endurance athletes, including 10 cyclists, 30 badminton players, and 15 long-distance runners (mean age 16.40 ± 2.69) from different stadia in Delhi NCR, India. KT and sham tapes (ST) were applied randomly to right and left legs (prone position) in a cross-over manner with a gap of 72 h. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADFROM) and pain due to acute-onset muscle soreness were assessed immediately and 10 min and 30 min after treadmill running, using a universal goniometer and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), respectively, along with the time to fatigue. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed for the NPRS when the mean scores obtained for the KT and ST groups were compared immediately after cessation of running; however, the difference was not statistically significant in the NPRS score that was recorded ten or thirty minutes after. The range of motion increased significantly after the application of both the KT and the ST. After running on a treadmill, the range of motion decreased significantly with both the KT and ST, and the decrease was similar. Conclusion: KT was more effective in reducing the pain intensity immediately after running and increased the time spent running on the treadmill before fatigue set in among endurance athletes. In addition, the two taping methods (KT or ST) were equally effective in enhancing calf muscle extensibility (for both right and left legs) immediately after application. However, both taping methods failed in limiting the decrease in ankle ADFROM after treadmill running.

Clinical Profile of Patients Visiting a Private Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic in Delhi

Background: Mental disorders continue to be a concern for everyone as the prevalence rate of disorders varies from study to study and sample to sample. As most of the statistics come from Government setups in India, data from private psychiatric clinics/setups are missing. Aim: The current study puts forth the data from a private psychiatric child and adolescent center located in New Delhi, India. Method: The data from approximately 15 years (2004-2019) were extracted from the record files and analyzed for the most prevalent disorders among different age groups of children and adolescents. Results: ASD and ADHD were found to be most prevalent among others along with multiple diagnoses. Most of the patients who visited the setup were from Delhi NCR only.

A STUDY TO ANALYSE SLEEP PROBLEMS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyse impacts of sleep quality on mental health and quality of life of college students. METHOD: One hundred students aged between 17 to 24 years from distinctive colleges of Delhi NCR (India) performed a cross-sectional survey about sleep that blanketed The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and The Prole of Mood States (POMS). RESULT: the students stated disturbed sleep, over 75% of the population had poor sleep quality. The Pearson correlation depicted that sleep had a positive correlation with depression and total mood disturbance. This study suggest CONCLUSION: s a massive relationship between poor sleep quality and intellectual tness in the college population. The current study strengthens the claim that unique domains of sleep behaviors can immediately or indirectly (through mood) predict physical and psychological health.

Predicting intentions to get the COVID-19 vaccine in India: An integration of theory of planned behaviour and health belief model.

The aim of the study was to determine intention to receive Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) vaccination in India. An integrated model of Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM) was used. Online survey was conducted in Delhi NCR region to find out the intention to receive vaccination. Data was collected from 845 respondents during 15 February 2021–15 March 2021, just after COVID‐19 vaccination became available in the India. Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modelling was used to establish the relationships. The results of the analysis show that proposed framework is significant and explained 71% variance in intentions. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and self‐efficacy from the TPB had direct (or significant independent) effects on intention and perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility from the HBM have indirect effect on the intentions through attitude. The present study can be used to maximise the uptake of vaccination in any future pandemic. This theoretically‐driven model can be used to guide health policy makers and health care providers to increase the uptake of vaccination.

Factors influencing investors’ decision and pattern of investments: An empirical study in Delhi-NCR

Financial markets now operate quite differently. Due to the vast array of savings and investment firms, the products they offer, the terms and conditions of investments, and the numerous complicated laws and regulations that are in place, investing money has become a highly complex process. Most of the investors, despite the remarkable growth of economy and high-income levels living in metropolitan cities are found unaware about investment avenues and rules and regulations. The present study is an attempt to analyse the awareness level of people in Delhi NCR about various investment avenues on the basis of their demographic profile. On the basis of chain-referral sampling, the research was done by employing a structured questionnaire from 260 sample respondents using Google Form. The study's results show that individuals are quite knowledgeable about bank deposit plans, which are followed by life insurance plans, post office savings plans, and provident funds. Conversely, people know very little about demat services, the stock market, and mutual funds.

Heart rate variability during head‐up tilt shows inter‐individual differences among healthy individuals of extreme Prakriti types

Autonomic modulation is critical during various physiological activities, including orthostatic stimuli and primarily evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV). Orthostatic stress affects people differently suggesting the possibility of identification of predisposed groups to autonomic dysfunction‐related disorders in a healthy state. One way to understand this kind of variability is by using Ayurvedic approach that classifies healthy individuals into Prakriti types based on clinical phenotypes. To this end, we explored the differential response to orthostatic stress in different Prakriti types using HRV. HRV was measured in 379 subjects(Vata = 97, Pitta = 68, Kapha = 68, and Mixed Prakriti = 146) from two geographical regions(Vadu and Delhi NCR) for 5 min supine (baseline), 3 min head‐up‐tilt (HUT) at 60°, and 5 min resupine. We observed that Kapha group had lower baseline HRV than other two groups, although not statistically significant. The relative change (%Δ 1&2) in various HRV parameters in response to HUT was although minimal in Kapha group. Kapha also had significantly lower change in HR, LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF than Pitta in response to HUT. The relative change (%Δ 1) in HR and parasympathetic parameters (RMSSD, HF, SD1) was significantly greater in the Vata than in the Kapha. Thus, the low baseline and lower response to HUT in Kapha and the maximum drop in parasympathetic activity of Vata may indicate a predisposition to early autonomic dysfunction and associated conditions. It emphasizes the critical role of Prakriti‐based phenotyping in stratifying the differential responses of cardiac autonomic modulation in various postures among healthy individuals across different populations.

Effect of COVID-19-induced lockdown on NO2 pollution using TROPOMI and ground-based CPCB observations in Delhi NCR, India.

The present study investigates the reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels using satellite-based (Sentinel-5P TROPOMI) and ground-based (Central Pollution Control Board) observations of 2020. The lockdown duration, monthly, seasonal and annual changes in NO2 were assessed comparing the similar time period in 2019. The study also examines the role of atmospheric parameters like wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and atmospheric pressure in altering the monthly and annual values of the pollutant. It was ascertained that there was a mean reduction of ~ 61% (~ 66.5%), ~ 58% (~ 51%) in daily mean NO2 pollution during lockdown phase 1 when compared with similar period of 2019 and pre-lockdown phase in 2020 from ground-based (satellite-based) measurements. April month with ~ 57% (~ 57%), summer season with ~ 48% (~ 32%) decline and an annual reduction of ~ 20% (~ 18%) in tropospheric NO2 values were observed (p < 0.001) compared to similar time periods of 2019. It was assessed that the meteorological parameters remained almost similar during various parts of the year in 2019 and 2020, indicating a negligent role in reducing the values of atmospheric pollution, particularly NO2 in the study area. It was concluded that the halt in anthropogenic activities and associated factors was mainly responsible for the reduced values in the Delhi conglomerate. Similar work can be proposed for other pollutants to holistically describe the pollution scenario as an aftermath of COVID-19-induced lockdown.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10661-022-10362-8.

An Empirical Study of the Most Preferred Attributes of Employer Branding

The current study is based on the preferred attributes of the employer branding, and their influence in the decision-making process of the engineers (Btech graduates) from the different branches. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing a scale on employer branding attributes. To test the scale for employer brand attributes, two studies were conducted. Study 1 applied Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation and Study 2 used second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The statistics were drawn from 362 students of BTech from four major branches like computer science, electrical, civil, mechanical engineering in Delhi NCR. Results show that the 2 of the employer brands attributes-Job security and fringe benefits have the highest impact on the decision-making process of the students. The current study provides the pragmatic approach from the students of four chosen branches of engineering in selecting the right employer.