Deleterious Habits Research Articles

Association of deleterious sucking habits with the occurrence of otitis in newborns, infants, preschool children, and children: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to determine whether deleterious sucking habits contribute to otitis in newborns, infants, preschool children, and children. Otitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in infants. Diverse studies have suggested that deleterious sucking habits, such as pacifier use, bottle-feeding, and finger-sucking, may be risk factors for the development of otitis in young individuals. This systematic review will include observational studies in which the association between deleterious sucking habits and otitis was assessed in newborns, infants, preschool children, and children. Studies will compare caregiver reporting of sucking habits in this population to those with no deleterious sucking habits or those who exclusively breastfeed. The primary outcome will be the presence of otitis. The searches will be carried out in six electronic databases, and gray literature will also be screened. A three-step search strategy will be used, with no date or language restrictions. Studies whose full text meets the eligibility criteria will be included in the systematic review. Study screening and selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the certainty of the evidence. Meta-analysis will be performed if there is relative homogeneity among included studies. PROSPERO CRD42020197162.

Drug induced bullous erythema multiforme in a 75-year-old male: A case report

A 72-year-old-male reported with a chief complaint of bleeding from the lips and soreness due to the presence of erosion and ulcers for the past 1 month (Figure 1). He also complaints of burning quality of intense pain in his mouth and difficulty to consume beverages or eat food. Patient visited a dentist in a private dental clinic and was prescribed Amoxicillin and aceclofenac for the pain, but the lesion hasn’t subsided. He had no history of deleterious habits of chewing or smoking tobacco or consumption of alcoholic beverages. His family history was noncontributory. Extraoral examination revealed no cervical lymphadenopathy. Extensor aspect of the arm revealed target eye lesion- central area of scab surrounded by a paler ring like area bordered by pigmentation (Figure 2). Flexor aspect on the skin of left forearm revealed Bull-eye lesion consisting of a central paler area bordered by popular area of pigmentation (Figure 3).

Evaluation of the Average Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Volume in 10-13-year-old Children: A Preliminary CBCT Study.

Aim and objectiveMouth breathing is one of the most common deleterious habits prevalent in children which leads to various skeletal and dental malocclusions. Due to the close relationship between nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity volume and maxilla, transverse maxillary deficiency causes reduced nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity volume leading to mouth breathing. Therefore, knowledge of average nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity volume is essential to accurately diagnose mouth breathing and to evaluate underlying causative factors.Materials and methodsCone-beam computed tomographic scans of 60 children were taken and nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal volumes were calculated using Planmeca Romexis 5.2.0.R software. Average volumes were computed using predetermined landmarks and compared among gender.ResultsThe nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal volume showed significant differences among the gender (p value < 0.001 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion and clinical significanceKnowledge of the average nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity volumes can be a useful diagnostic aid for mouth breathing patients and also assess the causative factors and treatment outcomes in these patients.How to cite this articleKalaskar R, Balasubramanian S, Kalaskar A. Evaluation of the Average Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Volume in 10–13-year-old Children: A Preliminary CBCT Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):187–191.

Gold(III) to Ruthenium(III) Metal Exchange in Dithiocarbamato Complexes Tunes Their Biological Mode of Action for Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells.

Malignant tumors have affected the human being since the pharaoh period, but in the last century the incidence of this disease has increased due to a large number of risk factors, including deleterious lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking) and the higher longevity. Many efforts have been spent in the last decades on achieving an early stage diagnosis of cancer, and more effective cures, leading to a decline in age-standardized cancer mortality rates. In the last years, our research groups have developed new metal-based complexes, with the aim to obtain a better selectivity for cancer cells and less side effects than the clinically established reference drug cisplatin. This work is focused on four novel Au(III) and Ru(III) complexes that share the piperidine dithiocarbamato (pipe-DTC) as the ligand, in a different molar ratio. The compounds [AuCl2(pipeDTC)], [Au(pipeDTC)2]Cl, [Ru(pipeDTC)3] and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5] have been synthesized and fully characterized by several chemical analyses. We have then investigated their biological properties in two different cell lines, namely, AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) and HCT116 (colon carcinomas), showing significant differences among the four compounds. First, the two gold-based compounds and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5] display IC50 in the µM range, significantly lower than cisplatin. Second, we showed that [AuCl2(pipeDTC)] and β-[Ru2(pipeDTC)5]Cl drive different molecular mechanisms. The first was able to induce the protein level of the DNA damage response factor p53 and the autophagy protein p62, in contrast to the second that induced the ATF4 protein level, but repressed p62 expression. This study highlights that the biological activity of different complexes bringing the same organic ligand depends on the electronic and structural properties of the metal, which are able to fine tune the biological properties, giving us precious information that can help to design more selective anticancer drugs.

EFFECTS OF VYAYAM AND NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM: CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Lifestyle is accountable for the origin of a diseases; it is a very ancient and famous theory in Ayurveda. Nowa- days there has been a profound change in the dietary habits and lifestyle of human being due to modernization. Deleterious eating habits, along with sedentary lifestyle, cause various ailments including metabolic disorders. Thyroid gland is a key part of the human endocrine system and works together with nervous and immune system and it regulates metabolism by producing and secreting hormones into blood. Inadequate production of thyroid hormone is considered as hypothyroidism. Auto immunity plays a key role in the etiology of hypothyroidism. Global incidence of hypothyroidism is rising rapidly, and it is posing a major health challenge in both developing as well as developed world. Hypothyroidisms influence the standard of life of individuals, despite many progress- es the modern management of hypothyroidism remains disappointing. Looking into the pathogenesis and compli- cation of hypothyroidism, it requires a systemic and radical therapy for which ayurveda may provide a ray of hope through panchakarma, there is abnormality of Jatharagni and Dhatwagni, urdhvajatrugata sthan along with ab- normality of Kapha and Vata Dosha as well as Kaphamedo-Avrita Vata. Thus, the line of treatment involves Deepana, Pachana, Srotoshodhana, Nasya, Vyayam and Kapha vata shaman. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Agnimandya, Metabolism, Nasya, Vyayam.

Oral and Esophageal Cancer: Incidence, Prevalence and Correlation in General Indian Population: A retrospective Study.

Background:Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent head-and-neck malignancy and chiefly encompasses malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, and larynx.Objectives:The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and correlation of oral and esophageal cancer in the Indian population.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted on the basis of data collected from various government cancer hospitals in India. A total of 1000 patients of either sex admitted to the oncology ward with head-and-neck cancer from June 2018 to June 2020 were included in the study. Information regarding family history, deleterious habits, and immunity status was also collected from their medical records. The readings were recorded in a master chart, and data analysis was carried out statistically.Results:A total of 1000 patients (617 males and 383 females) between the age range of 38 and 86 years were selected for the study. A total of 425 out of 1000 patients had esophageal cancer, whereas, 575 patients had oral cancer. A total of 347 males and 228 females had oral cancer, whereas 270 males and 155 females had esophageal cancer. Among the patients with oral cancer, 44 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 49 with bidi smoking, 140 with tobacco chewing, 142 with gutkha chewing, and 159 with betel quid chewing. Majority of the patients had a habit of consuming tobacco in smokeless form. Among the patients with esophageal cancer, 175 presented with a history of cigarette smoking, 136 with bidi smoking, 12 with tobacco chewing, 13 with gutkha chewing, and nine with betel quid chewing.Conclusion:The incidence of both types of cancer was high in older age group, particularly in those aged above 50 years. Males had a higher predilection rate than females for both cancer types. The incidence of oral cancer was higher than that of esophageal cancer. Majority of the patients with oral cancer had a history of tobacco consumption in smokeless form, whereas the ones with esophageal cancer reported with a history of tobacco consumption in smoked form.

Avaliação da condição bucal de pacientes em ventilação mecânica internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a condição odontológica de pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal com avaliação odontológica de 40 pacientes internados na UTI Geral da Fundação de Beneficência Hospital Cirurgia sediada em Aracaju-SE. Foram coletados os dados dos prontuários médicos relativos à idade, sexo, hábitos deletérios e fator causal de internação. A análise da condição bucal foi qualificada em três categorias: boa, regular e ruim. Foram encontrados que 67,50% dos pacientes foram do sexo feminino. Em relação à condição médica dos indivíduos, observou-se que o fator mais comum foi o respiratório, atingindo 32,50% deles, seguido pela sepse e fator neurológico, que correspondem a 17,50% e 15,00% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Quanto à distribuição das condições odontológicas, observaram-se que 65,00% apresentaram condição regular, já 27,50% dos pacientes apresentaram classificação boa e 7,50% condição ruim. Em relação ao índice de saburra lingual segundo a área, viu-se que apenas 5,00% e 17,50% dos pacientes não apresentaram saburra, enquanto 22,50% apresentaram até 1/3 da língua, 32,50% até 2/3 da língua e 22,50% mais de 2/3 da língua. Já em relação ao índice de saburra lingual segundo a espessura, 20% dos indivíduos possuíam saburra fina, ao passo que 47,50% e 32,50% apresentaram-se com papilas linguais visíveis e não visibilidade, respectivamente. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos pacientes internados na UTI apresentava condição odontológica regular, e os focos orais mais prevalentes foram os abscessos dento alveolares e a candidíase oral.

English

Complex crown root fracture has been reported to be 5 % among the traumatic injuries to permanent teeth. In children, when fracture line extended sub gingivally, the treatment option remained was the extraction of tooth. This extraction led to alveolar bone loss and compromised the outcome of final prosthesis. Root submergence is one of the treatments options which can prevent bone loss and prepare future pontic site in a better way. In children, this technique can prevent not only bone loss but also the occurrence of space loss and development of tongue thrusting habit. Crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture involving enamel, dentin and cementum. It is reported in about 5 % of dental trauma to young children where root completion has not occurred.1 Treatment of these complex tooth fractures in aesthetic zone in growing age is always challenging for the paedodontists. The treatment should not interfere with the growth and development. Depending upon the extension of the fracture line which can result in exposure of the pulpal tissue, the crown-root fracture can be divided into two groups: complicated and uncomplicated. 2 Treatment options in cases of complicated crownroot fractures are complex, and require a multidisciplinary approach. Dental traumatology guideline and American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry has suggested fragment reattachment, orthodontic or surgical extrusion of apical portion followed by post placement, root submergence and extraction. 3 Factors like extension and direction of fracture line, pulpal involvement, tooth maturity and the length of root remaining in the alveolus govern the treatment choice. 4,5 Among above mentioned factors, position of facture line is the most important. As in case of subgingival facture line, risk of bacterial contamination is present and further this may result in gingival inflammation.6 When crown root fracture to permanent tooth occurs in mixed dentition period, goals of treatment are to preserve the tooth in arch without disturbing the growth &amp; development of root and arch. But in case of complicated crown root fracture, when extraction is the only choice of treatment, future complications like space loss, crowding, habits like tongue thrusting and importantly loss of alveolar bone height should be kept in mind. Goals of treatment plan in such cases should be elimination of space loss, development of deleterious habit and maintenance of alveolar ridge for future pontic or implant site. Root submergence is the technique with which we can achieve these goals, keeping this in mind this case was planned and reported.

Better Early Prevention: Dental Student?s Awareness of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Musculoskeletal disorders occur in 54-93% of dentists. Dental students are also at a high risk of developing MSDs as they also do the dentist works during professional training, and mainly owing to the deleterious postural habits they acquired. If the working position applied is not ergonomic, it will develop into health problem in the future. Purpose: this study aim was to determine correlation between ergonomic working position toward musculoskeletal disorders on preclinical dental students. Material and Methods: The study design was cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Dentistry Faculty of IIK Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, on November-December 2019. The study involved 102 respondents, taken by simple random sampling (d = 5%). Working position was measured using Test of Visual Perception. The musculoskeletal disorders were measure by Nordic Body Map questionnaire. The data was analysed using correlation contingency coefficient and Spearman test. Results: There are significantly correlation between gender (p= 0,029), physical exercise (p= 0,036), smoking habit (p= 0,048), and working position (p= 0,001) toward risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The most commonly affected body sites are right wrist (56,86%), right arm (55,88%), upper neck (46,10%), back (45,10%), right lower arm (44,12%), and right shoulder (41,18%). Conclusion: There are significant correlation between working position (p= 0,001) toward risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Demographic Analysis Of Prevalence Of Oral Lesions In Patients With Deleterious Habits– An Institutional Based Descriptive Observational Study

Aim:Tobacco consumption in various forms has become common social habit in India. The increasing use of tobacco has led to an increased incidence of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the demographic details and prevalence of tobacco and other deleterious habits, and the relative risk of oral mucosal lesions among the patients reporting to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai. Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on individuals with deleterious habits such as tobacco and alcohol. A total number of 1000 subjects were included in this study. Patients were interviewed through questionnaire in relation to their demographic details, tobacco habits and clinical examination was done to evaluate tobacco-related oral lesions. This study was conducted during the period of COVID pandemic following COVID standard operating protocols. Results: Among the 1000 participants, 973 (97.3%) were male and 27 (2.7%) were female. The most common smoked form of tobacco was cigarette (51.3%), and the smokeless form was betal quid (9.3%). The oral mucosal lesions had a prevalence rate of 30.6%. Among them, 18.9% subjects consumed alcohol. 33.7% of subjects confessed that they developed the habit due to peer pressure. The most common oral mucosal lesion was leukoplakia (7.5%). Conclusion: Tobacco consumption is a common cause of preventable illness and death. This study may serve as a useful tool in understanding the socio-demographic association among different forms of tobacco and associated oral lesions along with other deleterious habits. It also serves the patients by educating about its ill effects.

Audiometry Analysis for the Assessment of Hearing Deficit in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a slowly progressive chronic fibrotic disease of the oral cavity extending to pharynx. Function and patency of eustachian tube gets altered when the palatal and paratubal muscles which regulate the patency of pharyngeal orifice gets affected. This leads to pain in ear along with mild to moderate conductive loss of hearing. Aim: To evaluate hearing deficit in OSMF patients and to correlate clinical stages of OSMF with degree of hearing deficits in patients. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The study comprised of a total of 50 subjects (100 ears). Forty patients diagnosed with OSMF who reported to Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology constituted the study group. Ten normal individuals with no deleterious habits and without any previously diagnosed ear disorders constituted the control group. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) was used for evaluating all the subjects for air conduction and bone conduction hearing loss. Values on qualitative characteristics were shown as n (% prevalence) across five study groups. Values on quantitative variables were shown as Mean±SD across five study groups. Inter group comparison for qualitative and quantitative variables was done using chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test respectively with Post-Hoc Bonferroni’s correction for multiple group comparisons. Results: The OSMF group showed a marked degree of hearing loss compared to the control group. The distribution of mean PTA in quantitative assessment was significantly higher in group D compared to group A and group B (p-value&lt;0.05 for both) and also the distribution of qualitative hearing loss was significantly higher in group C and group D (p-value&lt;0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant association between OSMF and hearing deficit in this study. Fibrosis of the oropharynx and palatal/paratubal muscles which are affected in OSMF and theses muscles are attached to eustachian tube, the patency of the eustachian tube gets affected. As a result, patients with mainly advanced cases of OSMF should be assessed for hearing deficit.

Tobacco Related Oral Lesions in South Indian Industrial Workers

Introduction: Tobacco is the leading causative factor for both oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. Tobacco use is higher among lower income population. Low-income population of India are majorly employed as industrial workers. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of oral lesions associated with tobacco related habits among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was conducted among 1000 industrial workers using simple random sampling technique. Information on patient demographics, tobacco related (smoke and smokeless) and other deleterious habits, and clinical examination details were recorded in a structured format. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Results were tabulated using frequency distribution and mean with a standard deviation. Multiple logistical regression was used to analyze oral lesions by different variables. Results: Among the 1000 industrial workers screened, smoking habit was observed in 13.20%, while 86.8% were using smokeless tobacco. The prevalence of tobacco related oral lesions among individuals with smoke/smokeless tobacco habit was 13.8%. The study documented tobacco related oral lesions such as leukoplakia (6.5%), oral submucous fibrosis (2%), smoker’s palate (2.7%), tobacco related pigmentation (1.9%), erythroplakia (0.3%), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (0.2%). Conclusion: The study documented potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer among users with tobacco related habits. The results also revealed that higher prevalence of potentially malignant disorders over oral cancer. Thus, preventive programs for early detection of oral precancer and oral cancer such as tobacco cessation, tobacco counselling programs are emphasized for industrial workers.

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Indian Population.

Background:Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) describes the carcinomatous growth in the oral cavity. Recently, various authors have described increased SCC incidence in the young population. The distribution of SCC shows varied geographic spread, with the highest distribution in Asian countries.Aims:The present trial was carried out to assess the associated factors that could lead to increased risk of developing oral cancer.Materials and Methods:Oral examination was carried out for 21 participants by a dentist and any significant oral lesion or deleterious habit if present, was recorded. The data collected were analyzed.Results:Areca nut was chewed by 47.61% participants (n = 10), smoking tobacco by 76.19% (n = 16), chewing tobacco by 38.09% (n = 8), and consuming alcohol in 9 participants (42.85%). No significant difference was seen concerning age for any factor except alcohol which showed higher intake in the older group where six participants depicted alcohol intake as compared to three participants in the younger group. In participants who chewed areca nuts, 6 participants also smoked tobacco and 1 consumed alcohol. For tobacco chewing, 5 consumed alcohol and 6 also took tobacco as smoke.Conclusion:The present study showed that areca nut and tobacco chewing along with alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking increase the risk of developing SCC in the Indian population.

Compliance of postoperative instructions following the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.

The way postoperative care instructions are presented by the professional (verbal and/or written) is the key element that influences quality of treatment. Hence, the aim of the present study was planned to assess the patient's compliance with postoperative care instructions given in different forms following the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. Forty patients scheduled to undergo surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars under local anesthetic were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Before surgery, basic demographic data about age, gender, deleterious habits were recorded. Group A (verbal postoperative care instructions) and Group B (verbal + pictorial postoperative care instructions) were given with a prescription of medication after the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. Patient were recalled on 7th postoperative day for suture removal and asked to fill the closed-ended questionnaire. Out of 20 patients in each group, one patient from Group A was eliminated as the patient did not turn for the follow-up visit. Therefore, result was based on 39 patients (19 males and 20 females) of age 28-41 years with a mean of 33.2 years (SD ± 3.3). The significance level was set at P < 0.05. The compliance of patients regarding gargling with lukewarm water and mouth opening exercises was seen more significantly in Group B (Pictorial + Verbal). Verbal instructions are inadequate due to difficulty in retention. Hence, a pictorial form of delivering postoperative instructions increases information retention which significantly increases pain relief without extending the analgesic consumption.

Relationship between COVID-19 and Smoking

The novel coronavirus has disrupted the normal life of each individual with masks becoming an integral part of life. Mostly every person is well informed about the precautions that need to be taken for the containment of the virus such as regular hand washing, wearing of masks in outdoors, social distancing, etc. Yet there has been little reference to the deleterious habit of smoking that can weigh heavily on one's health. This article aims to look into the connection and intricacies of smoking that may directly or indirectly affect the severity of the symptoms of COVID-19. Smoking is already a known etiologic factor for many cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), coronary artery disease, carcinoma of the lungs, etc. While COVID-19 is a virus that causes respiratory distress in severe cases, not much is known or emphasized in the medical field of its possible relationship with smoking. Our information is limited to whether the presence of smoking history in infected patients worsens the condition or there is no relationship between smoking and COVID-19. Moreover, with the introduction of lockdown as a measure to contain the virus, it substantially increases the incidence of anxiety, depression and other mental health diseases which can contribute tremendously to the relapses of smoking or convert a non-smoker to a smoker. Hence, it is imperative to look into the possible relationship of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and smoking.

Practices, Attitude &amp; Perceived Barriers of Dental Students in Substance Use Screening &amp; Interventions in Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study

Context: Tobacco, the leading preventable cause of death including alcohol and illicit drug abuse, cause morbidity and mortality. Dentists deal with such patients &amp; can/ should intervene, preventing any deleterious habits with apt knowledge and training.&#x0D; Aims: The study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practices amongst dental students to manage patients with tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse in a clinical set up.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire (self-administered 22 items) survey was conducted among 300 dental students (Undergraduates, Interns, Postgraduates) in a dental college, North India to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding substance abuse- tobacco, alcohol and other illicit drugs. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and subjected to Chi-square test to determine the significant difference between the dental study groups (p≤ 0.05)&#x0D; Results: There were 37.1% males and 62.9% of females. Final years (33.8%), interns (29.8%) and Post graduates (36.5%) completed the questionnaire. 85.5% Postgraduates, 74.3% final years and 71.9% interns knew where to refer the patients of substance abuse which was statistically significant (p≤ 0.05).A majority (91.1%) of interns prescribe or provide tobacco cessation, followed by 87.1% final years and 78.2% post graduates that were significant values.&#x0D; Conclusions: Although there’s huge awareness on the management of patients with substance abuse habits, only a few practice it on patients correctly. Lack of training and its application due to many barriers have been discussed in detail pointing out the disparity in the number of patients with habit history being screened and to those being managed.

Amalgam restoration or just a deposit? A riveting incidental finding- a case report

BackgroundParafunctional oral habits are known to cause deleterious effects on maxillofacial structures. One such effect is traumatic injuries secondary to chewing inanimate objects like pencils. Following trauma, the lead of the pencil has been reported to embed in the soft tissue of the oral cavity, appearing as a grayish pigmentation (graphite tattoo). However, such pigmentation has never been reported in the hard tissue (teeth).Case presentationWe hereby report an interesting, first of its kind case in a four-year-old female child. She had been misdiagnosed and referred for the management of a carious tooth; which was, in reality, an exogenous deposit.ConclusionsThe authors highlight the impact of comprehensive history taking on arriving at the diagnosis. Counselling of the child and the parents goes a long way in flouting such deleterious habits.

Effect of vertical malocclusions on root crown ratio of maxillary teeth-A cross-sectional radiographic study

Root resorption is the loss of apical root tissue which is implicated by decrease in root-crown ratio. It usually effects from external surface to pulp chamber if not identified in the early stage. Several natural conditions place roots at risk of resorption without any pathology. Knowing the pressure or etiology of the resorption will help the orthodontist in the treatment aspect. To date literature regarding root resorption due to various malocclusions is deplete in Indian population. To measure and assess the root crown ratios of maxillary incisors with vertical malocclusions, deleterious habits, and validate by two different radiographic techniques.90 Patients enrolled for the orthodontic treatment were allocated to three groups - open bite, deep bite &amp; control groups and were subdivided based on nail biting habit. Panoramic radiographs, Periapical radiographs (by paralleling technique) for maxillary incisors (360 teeth) were taken and traced. Length of the root &amp; crown were assessed and root crown ratios were calculated and the results substituted to statistics using SPSS. Comparison of Root-crown ratios in vertical malocclusions, revealed statistically significant (P &amp;#60; 0.001) differences in Open bite group for all maxillary incisors in both panoramic and periapical radiographs. No statistical significant differences were found in the deep bite group. Significant association was found between nail biting habit and Root-crown ratio. Gender predilection was found to be absent.Decreased Root- crown ratios were observed in open bite patients. Nail biting patients show significant root resorption. Both panoramic radiographs and periapical radiographs with paralleling technique can be used for assessing root resorption.

Oral Paracoccidioidomycosis affecting women: A systematic review.

To review all published cases until August 2020 of oral PCM in women, with emphasis on the presence of systemic changes, deleterious habits (tobacco and alcohol) and oral manifestation features through a systematic review. Observational studies (both prospective and retrospective) and case reports indexed in the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and LIVIVO databases were selected by two reviewers in a two-phase process following the pre-established PICOS criteria. Twenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis, of which 72 participants were enrolled. Brazilian White women between 40 and 50 years were the most affected and social history revealed them to be housewives or rural workers. Fifteen women (33.3% of the informed cases) presented any systemic change at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely pregnancy, HIV infection and/or depression. Moriform stomatitis was predominant and affected preferentially the gingivae and alveolar processes in the form of a single painful lesion. Most patients were treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim or itraconazole. Oral PCM in women is rare; some cases showed systemic changes at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely HIV infection, pregnancy and depression. New studies should be conducted to elucidate the influence of systemic alterations on the development of oral PCM in women.

Cytogenetic analysis of genetic damage in young individuals exposed to chronic mechanical irritation in the lateral border of the tongue due to sharp teeth - a novel study.

BackgroundChronic inflammation is estimated to contribute to approximately 25% of human cancers. Inflammation can be induced by chronic mechanical irritation which can lead to oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Though many studies have been conducted to identify the genetic damage in oral cancer or dysplastic stages, no study has been conducted so far on early detection of genetic damage in healthy individuals presenting with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue.ObjectiveThe study is aimed at analyzing the genetic damage (micronuclei) in healthy individuals with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue causing chronic mechanical irritation.MethodsThe study group included 75 clinically healthy individuals with sharp teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue and 25 clinically healthy individuals with normal teeth in contact with the lateral border of the tongue as a control group. Brush samples of epithelial cells were collected, then spread over clean glass slide and fixed in 100% alcohol, stained with rapid PAP and analyzed under the light microscope. The exfoliated cells were examined to detect micronuclei.ResultsMicronuclei frequency was found to be increased in the study group where sharp teeth were in contact with the lateral border of the tongue of healthy individuals without deleterious habits such as usage of tobacco in smoking/smokeless form, areca nut chewing or alcohol consumption.ConclusionsCytogenetic analysis is a simple and scantly invasive technique allowing clinicians the early detection of DNA damage in patients with sharp teeth and subsequently preventing carcinogenesis by proper treatment and follow-up.