Delegation Of Responsibility Research Articles

Pengaruh desentralisasi terhadap kinerja manajer yang dimediasi oleh sistem akuntansi manajemen (Studi kasus pada dealer dan showroom di Kota Manado)

Good interaction between the management accounting system and decentralization will give positive results to the manager's performance due to the alignment of information and decision-making that can improve the company's performance. The purpose of this study to find out the effect of decentralization on manager performance mediated by management accounting system on dealerships and showrooms in Manado City. This study used an extended multiple regression analysis model with an analytical path model. The results of decentralization research directly affect the significance of managerial performance. It means that the greater the degree of delegation of authority and responsibility of top management to middle and lower managers in the form of decision-making, the higher the managerial performance. Decentralization has a significant effect on the management accounting system, but the management accounting system has no significant effect on the manager's performance. From these results, the management accounting system was unable to mediate the influence of decentralization on manager performance.

A European experiment in governing teacher education and training: the case of the Erasmus+ Teacher academies

ABSTRACT This exploratory paper contributes to the literature on European Union (EU) soft governance by discussing the recent EU policy initiative “Erasmus+ Teacher Academies” as a case of experimentalist governance. Asking what makes this initiative a case of experimentalist governance, the paper demonstrates how it constitutes an experiment in terms of governance as well as the development of teaching and learning. In particular, we identify and discuss the properties of the initiative regarding the four key tenets of experimentalist governance: i) setting of common framework goals related to the European Education Area; ii) delegation of responsibility to networks, comprising initial teacher education and professional development providers, schools, government units, and other types of organisations, in finding ways to meet framework goals; iii) regular reporting and peer review, orchestrated by the European Commission; and iv) periodical re-evaluation of framework goals, measures and methods by a widening array of stakeholders. Considering the conditions for governing teacher education and training in the EU context, we discuss the perspectives for policy learning generated by the Academies, the “shadow of hierarchy” potentially giving direction to the initiative, and the ambition to include the teaching profession in EU policy-making.

Promotion of Student Self-Regulation from Transformational Evaluation Processes: Case Applied to the Innovation Program in University Teaching

Objective: To describe from a transformational model based on student empowerment, the implementation of active and collaborative evaluation procedures among students, with the purpose of promoting self-regulation of their learning. Theoretical Framework: The new conception of evaluation has involved the incorporation of new evaluative agents in the process, focused on an evaluation for learning and how learning, integrating students as active participants in their own learning and evaluation, developing self-regulation and metacognitive, promoting student empowerment, and the delegation of evaluative responsibilities from a dialogic and collaborative model. Method: The methodology adopted for this research arises from a qualitative approach and includes an intrinsic case study, for which the ALE–Q Questionnaire - Evaluation Climate as learning and empowerment in Higher Education by Ibarra-Sáiz, María Soledad, was applied. & Rodríguez-Gómez, Gregorio. Results and Discussion: It can be confirmed that greater student participation in learning evaluation processes promotes student autonomy and responsibility, which mobilizes more inclusive, empowered and democratic evaluation processes. The possibility that students can make value judgments and commit to their own learning, which mobilizes learning throughout life. Implications of the Research: The research involved delving into the learning evaluation procedures in higher education and promoting from here a change from the traditional evaluation paradigm towards a transformational evaluative approach based on student empowerment, this paradigmatic break highlights what is legitimized found among higher education teachers to implement traditional, unilateral evaluation models with little student participation. Originality/Value: The study stresses traditional learning evaluation models versus transformational evaluative models, where the active, collaborative and empowered participation of students is promoted, producing a break in the linearity of how the evaluation processes have been conceived.

Leadership Skills and Growth of Micro and Small Farm Inputs Enterprises in Kenya

Micro and small farm inputs enterprises play a key role in many economies across the world since they supply farmers with agricultural inputs for food production and economic growth. Several policies and programs have been put in place to promote the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. However, despite this effort, most of these enterprises continue to struggle with growth problems. This study sought to determine the influence of leadership skills on the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. The study was supported by skills leadership theory. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy and descriptive survey design. The target population was 4,931 farm-inputs MSEs registered by the Agricultural Market Trust of Kenya. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings indicated that leadership skills had a positive and significant influence on the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya (b=1.111, p=0.000). The study concluded that leadership skills significantly and positively contribute to the increase in the growth of farm inputs MSEs in Kenya. The study recommended the need for farm inputs for MSE owners to strengthen their leadership skills for improved productivity and growth of enterprises through training. In particular, the farm inputs MSEs’ owners should focus on enhancing the following aspects of leadership skills: implementation plans for business activities, problem identification techniques, action plans to resolve business crises, selection of the right staff, and supporting staff during delegation of duties and responsibilities.

When inequality means equity: horizontal wage dispersion and the propensity to leave current employment across different organizational settings

Abstract Extant research holds that horizontal wage dispersion (i.e., wage dispersion within a hierarchical level in a firm) induces employees to leave their employment. Based on social comparison theory, we nuance this by theoretically and empirically uncovering contingencies under which horizontal wage dispersion is associated with employees staying in their current employment. Specifically, we focus on firm size and decentralization as relevant organizational contingencies. In large as opposed to small firms, employees’ productivity may vary significantly within hierarchical levels, causing employees to consider high horizontal wage dispersion as equitable. In decentralized firms, there is more delegation of responsibilities to employees at lower levels in the hierarchy, creating more room for individual differentiation in terms of contributions and thus legitimizing horizontal wage dispersion. Our empirical analysis based on matched employer–employee data from Denmark strongly supports our predictions. Our study reveals the organizational contingencies where horizontal wage dispersion can be used as a retention tool.

Barriers and Facilitators to Administering Burn Pit Registry Exams in VHA Facilities.

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) established the Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR) in 2014 to address exposure concerns for veterans who have served in military operations in Southwest Asia and Afghanistan. By 2021, over 236,086 veterans completed the online questionnaire and 60% requested an AHOBPR examination. Of those requesting an exam, only 12% had an exam recorded in their medical record. This article summarizes barriers and facilitators to delivering AHOBPR exams and shares lessons learned from facilities who have successfully implemented burn pit exams for veterans. We (I.C.C and J.H.) constructed a key performance measure of AHOBPR examination (the ratio of examinations performed in facility over examinations assigned to a facility) to identify top performing facilities and then used stratified purposeful sampling among high-performing sites to recruit a diverse set of facilities for participation. We (P.V.C. and A.A.) recruited and interviewed key personnel at these facilities about their process of administering burn pit exams. Rapid qualitative methods were used to analyze interviews. The ratio of exams performed to exams assigned ranged from 0.00 to 14.50 for the 129 facilities with available information. Twelve interviews were conducted with a total of 19 participants from 10 different facilities. We identified 3 barriers: Unclear responsibility, limited incentives and competing duties for personnel involved, and constrained resources. Facilitators included the presence of an internal facilitator, additional staff support, and coordination across a facility's departments to provide care. Gaps across many VHA facilities to provide AHOBPR exams may be understood as stemming from organizational issues related to clear delegation of responsibility and staffing issues. VHA facilities that wish to increase AHOBPR exams for veterans may need additional administrative and medical staff.

The Effect of Empowering Leadership on Creative Performance: An Analytical Research in Diyala General Company

This research aims to explore the impact of multifaceted empowering leadership (power and responsibility delegation, autonomous decision-making, knowledge sharing, skill development, and innovative performance training) as an independent variable in achieving multi-dimensional creative performance (authenticity, fluency, flexibility, self-efficacy) as a dependent variable. The research also aims to enhance the quality of empowering leadership among a sample of 117 leaders in Diyala Public Company through effective modern leadership styles. The research specifically focuses on the importance of creative performance in this sample. Data was collected using a questionnaire as the main tool and statistical methods such as standard deviation, Sobel test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and software such as SPSS and Excel. The results showed a significant positive and direct relationship between empowering leadership and creative performance in general. The research concluded that empowering managers in Diyala Public Company with the authority to make necessary changes is an important step to improve overall work processes. This empowering helped managers effectively adapt to challenges and increase efficiency in responding to changing market demands. By empowering managers to improve processes, the company succeeded in promoting innovation and increasing productivity, ultimately enhancing its position in the market and achieving sustainable and clear success. Research type: Research paper

Streets in Suburbia as Spheres of Comfort

How to manage the “self” on the streets of suburbia when everybody knows each other? Due to the social and spatial manageability of suburban spaces, contact with more or less (un)known others is to be expected. Through repeated and continuous contact, residents are automatically and reciprocally assigned the role of acquaintances. This situation requires finding the right distance. The positioning of oneself and others, the perception and practice of distance, results in comfort and freedom from conflict. This coping strategy for public (street)spaces reflects a socio-spatial (con)figuration that is enacted as street management. Although street life is dominated by the notion of nothingness, everyone campaigns to stay private in public by setting up a “public self”. The research findings I refer to are based on two case studies in suburban spaces on the outskirts of Hanover (the state capital of Lower Saxony, Germany). In order to understand and explain the life-worlds of suburbanites in general and their manifestation on streets in particular, I conducted exploratory interviews, go-alongs and field observations. To create an atmosphere of comfort, convivial as well as conflictual situations are to be avoided, which is achieved by the residents positioning themselves and others at a distance. Since street life in the suburbs is uneventful and provides a sense of security and familiarity, living together in coexistence is routine. The delegation of responsibility for everything public enables suburbanites to be indifferent to others and the setting. The minimal sympathetic way of interacting with each other is symbolised by greetings, which both facilitates and hinders communication. In the end, the life-world suburbia and its streets are spheres of comfort because they are manageable, expectable and knowable.

Does self‐organizing policy network provide effective waste services? An empirical evaluation of institutional collective action and transaction cost dilemmas

AbstractThis paper examines institutional collective action and transaction cost (TC) dilemmas in a self‐organizing policy network involving federal, state, and municipal agencies for waste services in a port and industrial park. A thematic analysis revealed dilemmas in: (a) vertical levels, which lack leadership in industrial waste management due to unclear responsibility delegation across government levels; (b) horizontal levels, reluctant to take responsibilities and define jurisdiction boundaries for efficient waste services; and (c) functional levels, which exhibit fragmented and unaligned action scopes. Transaction costs, stemming from a deficiency in expertise, infrastructure, and organized information regarding companies' waste management, hinder effective programs and policies. Without tackling these challenges and TCs through a governance framework that includes implementation strategies, monitoring, and institutional controls, the self‐organizing policy network is likely to remain stuck in collective institutional inertia.

The Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Participants With a Remote Biospecimen Collection Protocol

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities are underrepresented in biomedical studies, highlighting the importance of developing biospecimen collection protocols aimed at engaging SGM participants. We aimed to learn more about SGM participants’ experiences with a remote (i.e., not performed at a central location) biospecimen collection study pioneered by The PRIDE Study, a cohort study of SGM adults residing in the United States and its territories. Feedback was collected from 112 SGM participants following blood donation for a parent study investigating the relationship between minority stress, substance use, and epigenetic markers of substance use and minority stress. We used an inductive and collaborative approach to qualitative analysis and identified major themes and areas for protocol improvement. Major themes among participant feedback were as follows: (1) communication with the research team, (2) convenience of donation, (3) interactions with clinical laboratory staff, and (4) anonymity and privacy. Most participants indicated that they experienced little to no problems during the donation process and expressed approval for the clarity and transparency of the informed consent process, ease of communication with the research team, and measures taken to protect participant confidentiality during their appointment. The most common challenges encountered by participants related to the inconvenience of handling and transporting study materials to the clinical laboratory site and the clinical laboratory staff’s unfamiliarity with the study protocol. Some participants indicated a preference for more elements of the study protocol (e.g., transporting collection materials) to be left to the responsibility of the research team. Future studies should carefully consider the delegation of responsibility between participants and the research team to balance both study reach and participant accessibility. Alternative formats, such as at-home collection or collaboration with community health workers, may further enhance participant satisfaction and convenience.

Experts’ Perspectives on Inclusive Governance for Protecting Hot Spring Landscapes in China: Barriers and Implications

Hot spring landscapes offer enticing development prospects for investors in China. However, due to mounting economic pressures and a lack of coordination among various authorities, inclusive governance has proven ineffective in overseeing development projects centered around hot spring landscapes. Consequently, this manuscript delves into the potential for implementing inclusive governance strategies to safeguard hot spring landscapes in China. This study selected Linyi City as its study site due to its location above a fault zone, which has resulted in the presence of numerous hot springs. Additionally, it has been officially classified as a ‘hot spring city in China’ by the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources. This study employed a semi-structured expert interview to investigate the barriers that stand in the way of applying inclusive governance to hot spring landscapes. Moreover, the interview investigates the implications of the lack of utilization of inclusive governance strategies for hot spring landscapes. The analysis of the results indicates that experts believed that the current protection policies were ineffective due to the existence of a multitude of barriers, such as the existence of deficiencies in the current policies, the multiplicity of management authorities, differences in visions in decision-making, limited public participation, a lack of awareness and trust from the public, a lack of balance in development approaches, and a limited role of science and technology. This resulted in a lack of proper communication and delegation of responsibilities with regard to inclusive governance strategies for protecting hot spring landscapes. Furthermore, the analysis unveiled diverse implications arising from the non-application of inclusive governance strategies, encompassing aspects such as tourism, economics, environment, sociocultural, and sustainability.

The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Fiscal Behaviour of Local Government in Ethiopia

This paper examines the effect of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on the fiscal behaviour of local governments in Ethiopia for the period 2004-2018. The empirical findings suggest that central government grants bolster state-level employment and expenditure. However, grants from the central government to states do not crowd out state-level revenue collection. Hence, this paper argues that fiscal decentralisation in Ethiopia has mostly, at least in theory, taken the form of devolution of the power to tax and spend public money. However, on average state-level revenue can only finance up to 26 percent of their annual expenditure. As a result, fiscal federalism in Ethiopia appears to be a delegation of spending responsibilities. It must be considered in a decentralized tax system, but with a transfer scheme and political hierarchy. The results are robust to alternative econometric estimation techniques.

Implementation of Web Based (Sisrute) Application Patient Referral From Public Health Center in Pamekasan

Health service referrals are a form of health service that regulates the delegation of duties and responsibilities for health services with the aim of healing and restoring the patient's health status. One important aspect in human life is health referrals which require fast, practical, efficient and accurate and reliable information. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the implementation of the web-based community health center patient referral application (SISRUTE) in Pamekasan can overcome obstacles in medical referrals, making it easier for health workers to optimize health services. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach which is defined as a research procedure that produces descriptive data which aims to reveal the in-depth meaning behind a phenomenon. Data were collected using Purposive Sampling with in-depth interview techniques by asking 13 questions consisting of 8 nurses and 5 midwife accompanied by 1 Triangulator, head of the Pamekasan district referral department. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, documentation and case studies. From the results of this research it is known that the implementation of the use of the integrated referral system application (SISRUTE) in Pamekasan district for individual health service referrals can improve the quality, coverage, effectiveness and efficiency of integrated health services with the help of supporting facilities and infrastructure as well as the ability of human resources to operate, and with the web referral application, health workers feel that it is very helpful in speeding up patient referrals to the next level of health facilities.

Family engagement in the care of infectious patients in intensive care units: A hybrid concept analysis.

This study aims to define and investigate characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of family engagement in caring for patients with infectious diseases hospitalised in intensive care units. This is a three-phase hybrid model study (theoretical, fieldwork, and analytical phase). The York University Guidelines were used in the theoretical phase, and ultimately, 16 pieces of literature related to the subject under study from 2011 to 2021 were reviewed. The content analysis was used for fieldwork phases; eight participants were interviewed. Then, the theoretical and fieldwork findings were compared, integrated, and analysed. This concept has characteristics such as; awareness, belief, perception, and willingness of the nurse to engage the family; a sense of responsibility, willingness, and sacrifice of the family; the physical or virtual presence of the family; triangular interaction between the nurse, patient, and family; perception and identifying the goals; education and information transfer; team collaboration; delegation of responsibility to the family; decision making; and protection of the family. Antecedents include the availability of infrastructure; patient, family, and nurse conditions; and the quality implementation of engagement. The consequences include positive consequences related to the patient, family, nursing, and society, as well as some negative consequences. This study provided a comprehensive perception of family engagement in the care of patients with infectious diseases in intensive care units and defined it more clearly, showing its characteristics, antecedents, and consequences. Eight participants were interviewed, including five nurses, two family caregivers, and one patient.

Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Rujukan Pasien Peserta BPJS di Puskesmas Bangkala Kota Makassar Tahun 2023

The health service referral system is the organization of health services that regulates the delegation of duties and responsibilities of health services reciprocally both vertically and horizontally. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to patient referral participants (BPJS) at the Bangkala Health Center, Makassar City in 2023. . This type of research is a quantitative observational study using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the BPJS participant community who visited the Bangkala Health Center in Makassar City in the last month of 2022 with a total of 956 participants. The samples in this study were 282 samples. The sampling technique is using probability sampling method with accidental sampling technique. The results showed that there was no relationship with knowledge (p=0.873). Meanwhile, the variables significantly related to BPJS patient referrals were the availability of medicines (p=0.000) and the availability of medical devices (p=0.000). The conclusion from this study is that there is a relationship between the availability of medicines, the availability of medical devices and BPJS referrals. While the knowledge variable is not related to BPJS patient referrals.

Doctor's Responsibility for Delegation of Authority to Nurses that Cause Unexpected Events

Health, recognized as an essential entitlement for every individual according to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, holds substantial implications for community well-being. Article 28 H paragraph (1) upholds the entitlement of all individuals to health services, with the state being accountable for ensuring the availability of sufficient public service facilities. Nevertheless, the scarcity of physicians and healthcare professionals in Indonesia poses challenges to health services, particularly evident in the low ratio of doctors per 1000 population. Collaboration between doctors and nurses is imperative, with the delegation of authority serving as a form of joint action. However, understanding the legal aspects of authority delegation often proves to be an intricate matter in this professional relationship. This study aims to explore the practice of handing over physicians to nurses at Rajagaluh Health Center and the factors that influence its implementation. With a legal approach and positivism paradigm, this study uses qualitative descriptive methods with primary data from the Rajagaluh Health Center and secondary sources from books, journals, websites, and related research. The research instrument focused on medical record analysis to collect data related to the practice of delegation of authority, influence factors, and responsibilities of doctors for unexpected events. The study aims to contribute theoretically to the advancement of science, particularly in the realm of health law. Simultaneously, it endeavors to enhance practical comprehension regarding the delegation of authority between doctors and nurses, along with offering a comprehensive perspective on patient safety within

A SCHOOL PRINCIPAL AS A CHANGE LEADER IN EDUCATION

Successful school management, whose "comprehensive content" includes both administrative and pedagogical aspects, is a decisive factor for the implementation of change in teaching and learning, promotion of pupils' learning achievements and the improvement of the quality of education in general. However, the role of school principal as a change leader gets increasingly emphasized as opposed to traditional principal's role of administrator or manager. This study focuses on the personal experience of school principals and interpretation of their experience, reflecting the principals' understanding of the role, nature and essence of leadership as an aspect of school management. This is a phenomenological research study. Research sample: the principals of general education schools (N=9). The aim of the study is to explore principals' understanding of what it means to be a change leader in a school, what leadership functions are prioritized, and how school principals balance their leadership functions with those of administration and management. The data have been gathered using semi-structured interviews. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of school principal’s role as a change leader is facilitated by: 1) awareness of one's personal qualities; 2) delegation of responsibilities; 3) strengthening of the school culture and its values; 4) implementation of a personalized approach highlighting the individual abilities of each teacher in the organization; 5) strengthening of the school as a “learning organization”.

Strategic planning for spatial governance: a case study of the Central District in Arak County, Iran

ABSTRACT Spatial governance involves studying the relationship between trade, and politics, resolving tensions, and harmonizing various social forces within a spatial domain within the framework of democratic governance models. The importance of this approach in space management stems from the increasing delegation of government responsibilities and powers to the non-governmental sector. Political space managers need to use strategic plans to achieve sustainable development and spatial justice. The general objectives of this research are an understanding of strategic planning and to apply it in one of the aspects of regional development, to explain the steps and process of strategic planning, and also how to determine and prioritize strategies. This research is descriptive in nature and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The method of collecting information is a library, face-to-face interviews with experts, personal observation, and questionnaire completion. SWOT analysis method has been used to determine the importance and weighting of internal and external factors and to formulate strategies. A quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) has been used to measure the attractiveness of each of the desired strategies. The results of the study indicate that conservative strategies are proposed as executive strategies in the Central District of Arak County, Iran.

Assessing decentralized groundwater governance performance in the lower Mekong region: The case of Khon Kaen province, Thailand

Decentralized groundwater management has been implemented in various forms in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) aiming to improve the sustainability and equity of groundwater (GW) management. However, fragmented implementation and unclear delegation of responsibilities have hindered the success of these approaches. The Royal Thai government has been a pioneer in introducing comprehensive groundwater policies and has implemented formal measures for GW management for over five decades, including the decentralized GW management model introduced in 2011. This study examined the performance of GW governance (GWG) in the LMR through the case of Khon Kaen province, Thailand, and using the OECD water framework with contextualized indicators. Sen's slope estimation and the Mann-Kendal test were also utilized to look into the patterns of groundwater extraction data in the study area from 2000 to 2019 in relation to the policy timeline analysis.The findings revealed a significant increase in GW extraction for business usage after the implementation of decentralization, driven by urbanization, and economic and tourist development. The research also found that the rise of new water actors with divergent interests, marginalization, the absence of non-governmental actors, and a lack of scientific and technical capacities prevent the effective GWG. However, the study discovered that the majority of GWG principles are favorably related to one another, with regulatory frameworks, defined roles and duties, and coherent policy being closely associated with most GWG principles. On the other hand, trade-offs across sectors and users were seen to have a detrimental effect on other GWG principles. The findings contribute to evolving the GWG Theory of Change (TOC), centering on GW users. This challenges the conventional idea of addressing water shortage solely through increased infrastructure, emphasizes institutional pluralism and scientific evidence for market-based mechanisms, and addresses GW use disparities.

일반교사가 지각한 학생 자살 예방 및 위기 개입 과정에서의 어려움과 개선방향에 대한 질적 연구

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the experiences of teachers regarding adolescent suicide prevention and crisis intervention at school.
 Methods: An online survey using open-ended questions was administered to teachers currently working in elementary, middle, and high schools in South Korea. A total of one hundred responses were collected and analyzed using a Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified method.
 Results: As a result, concerning ways that teachers employ in response to student suicidal behavior and crises, five categories of in-school interventions (e.g., student counseling, prevention-focused education, and referral to Wee-class) and two categories of external interventions (e.g., collaboration with relevant organizations, parent counseling, and cooperation requests) were emerged. Secondly, four areas of difficulties perceived by teachers were identified. These areas include administrative challenges(e.g., complex procedures, unclear responsibility, and delegation of responsibility), difficulties arising from counseling capabilities (e.g., lack of professional knowledge and experience, limitations in teachers' roles and authority), challenges related to parents or guardians (e.g., uncooperative attitudes of parents), and student-related difficulties (e.g., difficulties in self-disclosure). These areas were further broken down into a total of 18 categories. Thirdly, teachers' perspectives on improving the process of student suicide prevention and crisis intervention led to the identification of four areas and 18 categories. The areas were administrative (e.g., simplification of procedures, manual development),counseling-related (e.g., workforce expansion, teacher training support to enhance capabilities), student-related (e.g., strengthening psychological education and activities), and parents orguardians-related (e.g., improving parental awareness).
 Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we discussed the implications for education and policies aimed at enhancing the suicide prevention and crisis response capacity of teachers, including mental health literacy education for teachers and students, alleviating the mental health-related workload of general teachers, and enhancing the clarity of their directions.