Delay Line Signal Processing Research Articles

Triple Micro Optical Multiple Asymmetric Ring Resonator Performance Analysis as Optical Filter

The present article implements the modelling of triple asymmetrical optical micro ring resonator (TAOMRR) in z-domain and the waveguide spacing is designed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methodology. The formulation of the transmission function is prepared in z-domain utilizing the delay line signal processing technique. The developed configuration is scrutinized by evaluating the frequency response analysis as well as various important characteristics that are dispersion, group delay, and finesse using MATLAB software. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is tested using OptiFDTD software and it is found that the results of both MATLAB and OptiFDTD are in very nearby settlement. The field analysis of propagated wave inside the microring resonator is shown. The specific gap for various optical directional couplers is also determined using OptiFDTD in this article. The proposed technique is very useful for modeling and analyzing of different configurations of micro optical asymmetric ring resonator which found great application in the field of optical filters as well as optical sensors.

Performance investigation of triple unsymmetrical micro ring resonator as optical filter as well as biosensor.

Representation of triple unsymmetrical micro ring resonators (TUMRR) with single input and single output waveguide has been executed in this paper. Statistical demonstration of the presented arrangement is realized in the z-domain by a delay line signal processing method. The transfer function of the triple unsymmetrical micro ring resonator is calculated by Mason's Gain rule. The offered arrangement is performed on SOI (Silicon in Insulator) platform to achieve the filtering and biochemical sensing intentions. To acquire field response of the arrangement, Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is used. Characteristics of optical filters are studied from the frequency response plot and the achieved free spectral range is 243.5GHz. The shift in wavelength for biosensing application is accomplished through the OptiFDTD software. The sensitivity of the proposed TUMRR based biosensor is around 200-280nm/RIU for different blood cells where as the Q-factor attained is 1938.

Modelling and Analysis of Quadruple Asymmetrical Optical Micro-Ring Resonator for Biosensing Application

In this paper, modelling of an asymmetrical micro-ring resonator and its performance as an optical filter and optical sensor is analysed. Quadruple asymmetrical optical micro-ring resonator (QAOMRR) is mathematically modelled in Z-domain using delay line signal processing technique. The transmittance of the configuration is calculated using signal flow graph method. Vernier principle method is applied to achieve larger free spectral range (FSR). Also, the proposed QAOMRR in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is used for biochemical sensing. The proposed QAOMRR offers a FSR of 3.155 THZ and Q- factor of 3875 as well as provide significant shift in resonant wavelength whenever any different analyte is present in biomolecules. Field investigation of the proposed QAOMRR is done using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The directional couplers are designed using FDTD simulations. The proposed method will be extremely useful for modelling analysis and design of different micro optical asymmetrical ring resonator configurations.

Z-domain mathematical modeling and performance analysis of ripple ring resonator (RRR) with design of all-optical arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A novel ripple ring resonator (RRR) structure is proposed and analyzed by coupling two and three optical microring resonators (OMRRs). All-optical arithmetic logic unit (ALU) with seven operations is presented using the proposed RRR structure. The mathematical pedestal is derived in Z-domain using delay line signal processing. The simulation presented using MATLAB. The RRR performance is analyzed in terms of different quality metrics, giving promising results and has integration compatibility with complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photonic technology.

Enhanced FSR Asymmetrical Triple Optical Ring Resonator

The paper proposes an Asymmetrical Triple Optical Ring Resonator (ATORR) and investigates its performances. Delay line signal processing scheme along with Mason’s Gain Formula is implemented to develop the transfer function of this configuration. Two different materials are used for this model, i.e., SOI (2.0167) and SIN (2.811), and their frequency responses are analyzed and compared to obtain different Free Spectral Range (FSR) outputs on MATLAB. Along with widening of FSR, crosstalks and resonance loss are also reduced. The extended FSR output is in THz range that has wide application in the field of photonics.

Performance analysis of vertically cascaded pentacle micro-optical ring resonator as optical filters with four output bus waveguides

Modeling and performance analysis of vertically cascaded pentacle micro-optical ring resonator (VCPMORR) with single input and four output bus waveguides is presented. Overall transmittance of the proposed VCPMORR is determined in Z-domain for each output bus waveguide by practicing delay line signal processing approach and Mason’s gain formula. Frequency response analysis of the proposed model is carried out using MATLAB software. Free spectral range (FSR), group delay, and dispersion are enumerated as performance parameters of the proposed model. The detailed design of its waveguide is carried out by employing finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Electric field propagation through the rings and the waveguides is also studied by FDTD. This method proposes an approach to design the numerous coupled ring resonator structures. This configuration provides more communication channels due to its wide FSR with zero crosstalk at four output buses. Hence, this coupled ring resonator structure will be very useful in optical communication systems as an optical add-drop filter.

Performance analysis of quadruple asymmetrical optical micro ring resonator as optical filter

In this article, mathematical modelling of quadruple asymmetrical optical micro ring resonator (QAOMRR) in z-domain is carried out in the present article and its performance as optical filter is analysed.The detailed design of its waveguide configuration is done using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). Delay line signal processing methodology is adopted to determine transfer function of the proposed QAOMRR in z-domain. Free spectral range (FSR), group delay and dispersion characteristics of the proposed optical filter are evaluated from the frequency response plot obtained in MATLAB. The electric field distribution of the proposed QAOMRR for on-resonance and off- resonance condition is evaluated using FDTD simulation. The optimal coupling coefficient obtained from the MATLAB simulation is used to design the various optical couplers in FDTD analysis. The proposed QAOMRR offer wide FSR with low crosstalk which will be suitable for DWDM applications in optical communication network.

Performance study of optical resonator‐based filter architectures

A comparative study on characteristics and performance of optical ring resonator architectures, i.e. circular, racetrack, and triangular-shaped optical resonators, have been carried out here. Constituent material used for designing these resonators is an silicon on insulator wafer consisting of thin silicon (Si) layer on silica (SiO2) layer carried on a thick Si substrate having group index of 2.379. All the resonators are so designed that all provide equal free spectral range (FSR) of 25.2 THz. All these double-ring architectures have been analysed using delay line signal processing technique in z-domain and Mason's gain formula. FSR expansion has been achieved employing the Vernier principle. Various performance defining parameters have been also investigated.

Performance analysis of triple asymmetrical optical multiple ring resonator with a 1 × 3 input-output waveguide for application as an optical filter.

Modelling of a triple asymmetrical optical multiple ring resonator (TAOMRR) with a 1×3 input-output waveguide has been carried out in the present paper, and its performance as an optical filter is analyzed. The mathematical modelling of the proposed configuration is carried out in the z domain using a delay line signal processing technique. Free spectral range (FSR), group delay, and dispersion characteristics of the proposed TAOMRR are evaluated from the frequency response plot obtained in MATLAB from all the possible input-output port configurations. The field analysis of the proposed configuration is realized using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The optimal coupling coefficient obtained from the MATLAB simulation is used to design the various optical couplers in FDTD analysis. The proposed configuration offers three outputs with different FSRs for a single input port, which greatly enhances the data handling capabilities in communication networks.

Performance Analysis of Triple Asymmetrical Optical Micro Ring Resonator with 2 × 2 Input-Output Bus Waveguide

Modeling of triple asymmetrical optical micro ring resonator (TAOMRR) in z-domain with 2 × 2 input-output system with detailed design of its waveguide configuration using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented. Transfer function in z-domain using delay-line signal processing technique of the proposed TAOMRR is determined for different input and output ports. The frequency response analysis is carried out using MATLAB software. Group delay and dispersion characteristics are also determined in MATLAB. The electric field analysis is done using FDTD. The method proposes a new methodology to design and draw multiple configurations of coupled ring resonators having multiple in and out ports. Various important parameters such as coupling coefficients and FSR are also determined.

Optical Ring Resonator Based Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensor based on optical ring resonator has been demonstrated with its constituent material as silicon (Si-fiber) and germanium (Ge-fiber) in this work. It has been done through optical delay line signal processing technique in Z-domain. The group indices of both the materials vary with the change in temperature due to the thermo-optic effect in materials. Thus temperature dependence of free spectral range forms the basis of modeling the sensors. Silicon (Si) fiber based optical sensor can sense the temperature in the range 30–500 °C and that for germanium (Ge) fiber the range is −25 to 300 °C. Obtained temperature sensitivities for Ge and Si-fibers are 5.55 and 2.97 MHz/°C respectively.

Analytical approach for modeling and performance analysis of microring resonators as optical filters with multiple output bus waveguides

A quadruple micro-optical ring resonator (QMORR) with multiple output bus waveguides is mathematically modeled and analyzed by making use of the delay-line signal processing approach in Z-domain and Mason’s gain formula. The performances of QMORR with two output bus waveguides with vertical coupling are analyzed. This proposed structure is capable of providing wider free spectral response from both the output buses with appreciable cross talk. Thus, this configuration could provide increased capacity to insert a large number of communication channels. The simulated frequency response characteristic and its dispersion and group delay characteristics are graphically presented using the MATLAB environment.

Design and realization of vertically coupled quadruple micro optical ring resonators (VCQMORR) in Z-domain

Modeling of two different vertically coupled quadruple micro optical ring resonators (VCQMORRs) are developed in Z-domain. Both the proposed model uses delay line signal processing approach in Z-domain for their modeling and performance analysis. Performance characteristics of the wave-guide based VCQMORR models are compared with regard to free spectral range (FSR), crosstalk, finesse, Q-factor and the fabrication area required for the proposed quadruple microring structures. In association with frequency characteristics; group delay and dispersion graphs are also obtained and presented in the article.

Quadruple micro optical multiple asymmetric ring resonator performance analysis as optical filter

An analysis of a quadruple ring resonator is attempted in the present article in which transfer function is evaluated in z-domain using Mason’s gain formula. Delay line signal processing technique is implemented to find the free spectral range (FSR) from the frequency response spectrum of the transfer function. In this article, a theoretical model of quadruple micro ring structure is proposed where the three asymmetrical micro optical ring is placed inside another micro ring. This model is capable of virtually eliminating crosstalk and providing FSR of about 490.5THz which meets the ever-expanding demand of wide FSR. Group delay and dispersion characteristics is also presented in the article.

Analytical modelling of trio-optical asymmetrical microring resonator with vertical coupling

Summary Modelling of vertically coupled trio-optical microring resonator (VCTOMRR) with asymmetrical rings is developed in theory by applying delay line signal processing method. The frequency simulated response characteristic and its dispersion and group delay characteristics are advanced using MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of VCTOMRR with regard to free spectral range (FSR) and crosstalk is obtained from the different performance graphs. This proposed VCTOMRR can provide very wide FSR of 50.1 nm range with extremely low spurious transmission (crosstalk) between two resonant peaks.

Analytical modeling and performance analysis of multilayer coupled asymmetrical microring resonators in Z-domain

Modeling of multilayer coupled asymmetrical pentad microring resonators (MCAPMRRs) is computed mathematically, through practicing delay line signal processing approach. MCAPMRR is designed with vertically coupled structures as well as side coupled structures to restrict it upto 5 layers. Performance of MCAPMRR structures are shown with two different types of waveguide—bus viz. crossed and parallel waveguides. The spectral response and corresponding dispersion and group delay plots are programmed and graphically presented in MATLAB environment. The efficacy of MCAPMRRs with a view of increased free spectral range and reduced crosstalks are obtained in the article. It also provides high finesse and Q-factors.

Anti-symmetric quadruple ring resonator based optical filter

Vernier principle based anti-symmetric optical ring resonator made of glass silica has been used in this work for obtaining wider value of free spectral range (FSR). Here delay line signal processing in Z-domain and Mason's Rule have been used for analyzing this quadruple anti-symmetric ring resonator (QARR). Free spectral range (FSR) of 6.6THz is obtained in this case which is comparable with the experimentally obtained result from the similar kind of architecture using other method of analysis. Besides obtaining wider FSR, this work presents significant improvement in terms of cross-talk which is less than −77dB without compromising resonant characteristics. Group delays, dispersion characteristics and finesse for this quadruple optical ring resonator have also been investigated. This work is also a new approach to analyze multiple ring resonator-based devices made of symmetrical ring length using Vernier principle.

Microwave photonic delay line signal processing.

This paper provides a path for the design of state-of-the-art fiber-optic delay lines for signal processing. The theoretical forms for various radio-frequency system performance metrics are derived for four modulation types: X- and Z-cut Mach-Zehnder modulators, a phase modulator with asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a polarization modulator with control waveplate and polarizing beam splitter. Each modulation type is considered to cover the current and future needs for ideal system designs. System gain, compression point, and third-order output intercept point are derived from the transfer matrices for each modulation type. A discussion of optical amplifier placement and fiber-effect mitigation is offered. The paper concludes by detailing two high-performance delay lines, built for unique applications, that exhibit performance levels an order of magnitude better than commercial delay lines. This paper should serve as a guide to maximizing the performance of future systems and offer a look into current and future research being done to further improve photonics technologies.

Modeling and performance analysis of vertically coupled triple microring resonator in the Z domain.

A theoretical model of vertically coupled triple microring resonators (VCTMRRs) in the Z domain is presented in this work. Delay line signal processing approach in Z-domain modeling is used for the performance analysis of waveguide-based VCTMRRs. Overall transmittance of the VCTMRR is determined in the Z domain, and frequency response is evaluated in a MATLAB environment. Performance in terms of free spectral range (FSR) and crosstalk of VCTMRR with two symmetric rings is compared with previously published results, and found to be in close agreement. VCTMRR architectures with different ring length combinations have been considered for the analysis. Performance of a VCTMRR with three asymmetric rings is also reported and compared with the performance of a VCTMRR with two symmetric rings in the present work. The design provides transmission characteristics where spurious transmission (crosstalk) at the interstitial frequencies that lie between the extended FSR is adequately suppressed. Group delay and dispersion characteristics are also presented.

Quadruple optical ring resonator based filter on silicon-on-insulator

Free spectral range (FSR) expansion upto 705.39THz has been achieved using quadruple optical ring resonator (QORR) made of high index contrast Silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides. SOI waveguide not only takes care of bending loss, microrings made of SOI waveguides provide higher integration density because of its size. Group delay and resulting dispersion and finesse have been studied. Delay line signal processing technique coupled with Mason's rule has been used to analyze the QORR performance. Vernier principle has been used to enhance the FSR. FSR obtained in this work is the maximum to the best of the author's knowledge for similar class of optical passive devices. Further adequate suppression of the spurious interstitial mode is in the level of approximately −35dB with almost zero resonance loss. Further the performance of such device has been compared with QORR with similar architecture but made of with conventional glass silica waveguides.