Del Hoyo Research Articles

Para salir del hoyo, lo primero es dejar de cavar

Entre los elementos que mejor configuran el entorno actual de la atencion sanitaria, en practicamente todos los paises desarrollados, la preocupacion de los gobiernos, las sociedades y la comunidad sanitaria por el crecimiento del gasto y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de atencion de salud ocupa un lugar importante. En el caso del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) espanol, enredado en la crisis economica y de legitimidad politica mas profunda y duradera que hayamos conocido desde la instauracion de la democracia, la inquietud por la sostenibilidad financiera ha adquirido carta de primer orden. En realidad, en muy poco tiempo hemos pasado del problema de la «sostenibilidad» al de «salvar los muebles». La atencion sanitaria tiene un enorme protagonismo en la distribucion competencial. Mientras Sanidad tiene un peso minimo en el gobierno central, para las comunidades autonomas (CCAA) supone entre el 35 y el 45% de sus presupuestos reales (los presupuestos «formales» apenas disfrutan de unos dias de vida antes de que la realidad los alcance y --mas alla de constatar el otro gran problema espanol, el deterioro de un sistema politico que no vacilaria en aprobar las cuentas del Gran Capitan-no vale la pena considerarlos). Abrumadas por el endeudamiento,

"Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 16: Tanagers to New World Blackbirds" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. [book review

"Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 16: Tanagers to New World Blackbirds" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. [book review

Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David Christie et al.; color plates by Norman Arlott et al.; Consultant for Systematics and Nomenclature: Walter J. Bock; Consultant for Status and Conservation: Nigel J. Collar. Barcelona (Spain): Lynx Edicions. $281.45. 879 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978‐84‐96553‐68‐2.

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviews and Brief NoticesHandbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David Christie et al.; color plates by Norman Arlott et al.; Consultant for Systematics and Nomenclature: Walter J. Bock; Consultant for Status and Conservation: Nigel J. Collar. Barcelona (Spain): Lynx Edicions. $281.45. 879 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978‐84‐96553‐68‐2. [This volume includes 60 color plates.] 2010.Walt AndersonWalt AndersonEnvironmental Studies, Prescott College, Prescott, Arizona Search for more articles by this author Environmental Studies, Prescott College, Prescott, ArizonaPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 86, Number 4December 2011 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/662486 Views: 5Total views on this site Copyright © 2011 by The University of Chicago Press. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush‐Shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David Christie. Barcelona (Spain): Lynx Edicions. €212.00. 893 p. + 51 pl.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978‐84‐96553‐50‐7. 2009.

Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksHandbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush‐Shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David Christie. Barcelona (Spain): Lynx Edicions. €212.00. 893 p. + 51 pl.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978‐84‐96553‐50‐7. 2009.Chris S. ElphickChris S. ElphickEcology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut Search for more articles by this author Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, ConnecticutPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 86, Number 2June 2011 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/659939 Views: 13Total views on this site Copyright © 2011 by The University of Chicago Press. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

A review of “Discovery of possible hybrid of the Critically Endangered Forest Owlet Athene blewitti and Spotted Owlet Athene brama from northern Maharashtra”

Pande et al. (2011) have reported possible hybrid of the Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti and Spotted Owlet Athene brama. This has begun an intriguing debate on hybridization among owls. Their claim is based on field observations; photographic and videotaped evidences however, the interpretation offered by the authors would seem unlikely. We found several anomalies in this paper pertaining to identification of the species, vocalization, behaviour and logic presented for hybridization. There are many points in the communication that need a wellsupported reference. The first paragraph of the paper describes about lowest hybridization rate among owls (Mikkola 2003) however authors make a contradictory statement in the second last paragraph of the paper giving a reference of del Hoyo et al. (1999) addressing it as a well-known phenomenon. However, del Hoyo et al. (1999) state

"Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15. Weavers to New World Warblers" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. 2008. [book review

"Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15. Weavers to New World Warblers" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. 2008. [book review

The mystery of nocturnal birds in tropical secondary forests

As tropical logging increases in scope, understanding the capacity of tropical secondary forests for sustaining oldgrowth (OG) forest biodiversity has become a critical question in tropical conservation. There is growing realization that tropical conservation cannot be limited to pristine habitats in protected areas (Sekercioglu et al., 2007; Chazdon et al., 2009). To better integrate secondary forests into conservation schemes, it is essential to understand the proportion of native forest biodiversity that can persist in secondary forests (Chazdon et al., 2009). This is particularly urgent in light of the growing significance of the UNReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries program (Grainger et al., 2009). For preserving tropical biodiversity, the ideal way to sequester carbon is to preserve OG forests. However, the magnitude of the climate change problem means that preserving OG is not enough. Secondary forests can also sequester large amounts of carbon, even 100 years after the start of regrowth (Silver, Ostertag & Lugo, 2000). The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) has pioneered the experimental approach in tropical forest fragmentation studies, by taking advantage of forestclearing operations near Manaus, Brazil (Laurance et al., 2002). BDFFP worked with landowners to make sure that they left forest patches in squares of 1, 10 and 100ha to be compared with extensive OG, resulting in an excellent experimental setup. Now, hundreds of papers later and entering its fourth decade, BDFFP scientists are again skillfully taking advantage of circumstances beyond their control (Sberze, Cohn-Haft & Ferraz, 2010). It has proven logistically challenging to keep cleared much of the land that was initially deforested. Even though this has reduced the isolation of the original forest fragments, it has also led to many new and interesting questions about the biodiversity value of the different types of secondary growth (Antongiovanni & Metzger, 2005; Barlow et al., 2007; Laurance et al., 2007). A large part of the tropical conservation literature focuses on diurnal birds, as they are relatively easy to sample. However, sampling nocturnal species can be challenging (Borges, Henriques & Carvalhaes, 2004; Bhattacharjee, 2008) and these birds have received little attention in tropical conservation studies. Sberze et al. (2010) rectify this by combining state-of-the-art modeling with intensive fieldwork. The densities of nocturnal birds can be notoriously difficult to estimate (Borges et al., 2004), especially considering the problems with estimating distance based on vocalizations (Alldredge, Simons & Pollock, 2007). Therefore, Sberze et al. (2010) used occupancy modeling (MacKenzie, 2006) based on detection data to estimate the likelihood that a site is occupied by a species. Extensive field sampling covered all months of the year and the authors accounted for spatial autocorrelation by quantifying it in their models. Vocalization playback of focal species further increased the chances of their detection. The findings are encouraging, although not surprising for those who have field experience with tropical night birds. OG and 30-year-old secondary forest (SF) did not differ in species richness. Each habitat was estimated to host 10–12 nocturnal bird species. Only one species, the potooNyctibius leucopterus, clearly avoided second growth. However, Nyctibius griseus and the nightjarsCaprimulgus griseus andCaprimulgus nigrescens preferred it, defying the authors’ predictions for C. nigrescens. Neither of the focal owl species differed significantly in its preference for OG versus secondary forest, which was also unexpected for Lophostrix cristata. Of the six other nocturnal species detected, two potoo species did not have enough detections for parameter estimation, but three owl species showed higher point estimates of occupancy for SF than for OG. The preference for SF and embedded forest fragments is likely due to the higher abundances of small mammals, on which many owls feed, and better foraging habitat for nightjars that usually prefer to feed in open areas (del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal, 1999). Nevertheless, the location of this study presents an unusual best-case scenario for forest birds, as the SF survey points are within 0–2km of extensive primary forest. Birds of prey can cover large areas while foraging and even non-predatory resident tropical songbirds are capable of covering 6km in 2h (Sekercioglu et al., 2007). As the authors themselves are first to point out, some of the seemingly SF-preferring species may have source populations in OG. The possibility of nocturnal birds nesting inOG and ‘commuting’ to SF, analogous to some tropical bats (Evelyn & Stiles, 2003), also remains to be

Carrera eclesiástica y algunos deslices de Felipe del Hoyo y Pedro Celestino Tomé, arcedianos de Burgos (1731-1784)

Two of the titulars of the Arcedianato of Burgos in the 18 th century, prominent members of the Cathedral Council, don Felipe del Hoyo Santamaria (1731-1750) and don Pedro Celestino Tome Carrera (1751-1784), had, during part of their lives, carnal enjoyment with one «Barragana» each, in their own homes. Loving women who lived with them, established clergymen, in theory dedicated to chastity, poverty and obedience, as if were their legal wives.

Phylogeny and phylogenetic classification of the tyrant flycatchers, cotingas, manakins, and their allies (Aves: Tyrannides).

Phylogenetic relationships among the Tyrannides were assessed using over 4000 base pairs of nuclear recombination activating 1 (RAG-1) and 2 (RAG-2) DNA sequence data from about 93% of all described genera, which represents the most complete assessment of relationships for this diverse New World radiation to date. With this sampling we propose a significantly expanded interpretation of higher-level relationships within the group. The Tyrannides are shown to be comprised of six major lineages, all of which represent traditional family-level taxa (sensuFitzpatrick, 2004a and Snow, 2004a,b; del Hoyo etal., 2004): (i) manakins (Pipridae); (ii) cotingas (Cotingidae); (iii) the sharpbill (Oxyruncus) + onychorhynchine flycatchers (Onychorhynchini); (iv) tityrines (Tityridae); (v) rhynchocycline flycatchers (Rhynchocyclidae); and (vi) the tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae). In addition, the RAG data recovered isolated lineages with uncertain relationships, including Neopipo, Platyrinchus, Piprites, and Tachuris. The Pipridae are the sister-group to all the other Tyrannides. Within the latter, the clade ((Oxyruncidae + Tityridae) + Cotingidae) is the sister-group of the Tyrannoidea. Within the Tyrannoidea, the Rhynchocyclidae and their allies are sisters to Neopipo + Tyrannidae. Using our phylogenetic hypothesis, we propose the first comprehensive phylogenetic classification that attempts to achieve isometry between the tree and a classification scheme using subordination and phyletic sequencing. This study thus provides a phylogenetic framework for understanding the evolution of this diverse New World assemblage, and identifies many avenues for further systematic study. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.

"Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush Shrikes to Old World Sparrows" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. 2009. [book review

"Handbook of Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush Shrikes to Old World Sparrows" edited by Josep del Hoyo et al. 2009. [book review

Use of Basic Biological Information for Rapid Prediction of the Response of Species to Habitat Loss

Much research has focused on identifying traits that can act as useful indicators of how habitat loss affects the extinction risk of species, and the results are mixed. We developed 2 simple, rapid-assessment models of the susceptibility of species to habitat loss. We based both on an index of range size, but one also incorporated an index of body mass and the other an index combining habitat and dietary specialization. We applied the models to samples of birds (Accipitridae and Bucerotidae) and to the lemurs of Madagascar and compared the models' classifications of risk with the IUCN's global threat status of each species. The model derived from ecological attributes was much more robust than the one derived from body mass. Ecological attributes identified threatened birds and lemurs with an average of 80% accuracy and endangered and critically endangered species with 100% accuracy and identified some species not currently listed as threatened that almost certainly warrant conservation consideration. Appropriate analysis of even fairly crude biological information can help raise early-warning flags to the relative susceptibilities of species to habitat loss and thus provide a useful and rapid technique for highlighting potential species-level conservation issues. Advantages of this approach to classifying risk include flexibility in the specialization parameters used as well as its applicability at a range of spatial scales.

Gadès et les précédents des attributions politiques des praefecti praesidii républicains

Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Gades and the precedents of the political functions of Republican praefecti praesidii, DHA 35/1, 2009, 95-113. Abstract : Roman Republican military culture implies the establishment of military garrisons in the cities, In 1953 G.Tibiletti compared the most likely political functions of the 'eparchos' sent to Messambria in 73-72BC with those the Roman prefect in charge of the Hispanic town of Gades (206-199 BC), whose abuses aroused complaints. The Second Punic War gives us many useful insights lor a better understanding of the political functions of those garrison chiefs, particularly taking the Gades study case in mind. Along with Hannibal's extreme pressure on Italy, Rome needed to secure strategically and logistically its positions by the extensive use of garrisons, whose existence is sometimes known only by their commanders' names. Equally, there is enough evidence to show the abuse in power of some prefects, becoming as a whole a bad foretaste in the provincial administration to follow.

Disruption of the meprin α and β genes in mice alters homeostasis of monocytes and natural killer cells

Meprin metalloproteases are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, which involves dysfunction of immune cells. However, the roles of meprins in the immune and hematological system remain uncharacterized. In this report, we demonstrate that meprins were expressed in the hematological system, and meprin alpha/beta null (alpha(-/-)/beta(-/-)) mice had decreased prevalence of resident monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in blood, with a concomitant accumulation of inflammatory monocytes and NK cells in bone marrow. In contrast, T and B lymphocytes were not affected by meprin deficiency. In response to acute inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, meprin-deficient mice exhibited higher body temperature than wild-type mice, which was correlated with retention of inflammatory monocytes, but persistent low prevalence of NK cells in blood. These results indicate that meprin metalloproteases play important roles in the homeostasis of monocytes and NK cells, and possibly are involved in egress of these two type cells from bone marrow and homing to the periphery. Our findings are the first report to demonstrate that metalloproteases affect homeostasis of leukocytes, which have important implications for understanding physiology of and pathogenesis in the hematological system.

Clarifying the systematics of an enigmatic avian lineage: What is a bombycillid?

Avian Tree of Life (TOL) projects using multilocus sequence data have begun to reweave Sibley and Ahlquist’s (1990) “tapestry” of the systematic relationships among birds, which was based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Many of these studies have focused on relationships among members of the most species-rich avian order, Passeriformes, or the perching birds (e.g., Barker et al., 2002, 2004; Cibois and Cracraft, 2004; Voelker and Spellman, 2004; Alstrom et al., 2006). Bringing direct sequence-based character evidence to bear on the systematic relationships among passerine birds has demonstrated that monophyly cannot be assumed for many lineages (Barker et al., 2004), from suborder to tribe, proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist (1990) and Sibley and Monroe (1990). However, many of the paraphyletic passerine lineages identified by modern sequence-based studies represent taxa identified as difficult to place or otherwise problematic by Sibley and Ahlquist (1990). One of the consistently problematic groups has been the Bombycillidae (waxwings and allies). Sibley and Ahlquist (1990, p. 630) ultimately placed the Bombycillidae within the superfamily Muscicapoidea, but they were not confident of this placement. Recent studies have only confirmed the ambiguous placement of Bombycillidae, removing the family from the “core Muscicapoidea” because of poorly supported (low Bayesian credibility and bootstrap values) relationships with the core Muscicapoidea (Barker et al., 2002, 2004; Cibois and Cracraft, 2004; Voelker and Spellman, 2004), but keeping it in the superfamily. A potentially confounding factor for placing the Bombycillidae within the passerine phylogeny is that membership in and relationships among members of the family have long been controversial; therefore, a more thorough sampling of the group is desirable. Many early taxonomies recognized the morphological similarities among waxwings (Bombycilla, 3 spp.), silky-flycatchers (Phainopepla, Phainoptila, and Ptilogonys, 4 spp.), and the palmchat (Dulus, 1 sp.) and proposed them as members of a single family Bombycillidae (Arvey, 1951; Beecher, 1953). However, studies of egg white proteins in the waxwings, silky-flycatchers, and palmchat indicated a close relationship between the former two, but not the latter (Sibley, 1970). The DNA-DNA hybridization analyses of Sibley and Ahlquist (1990) supported the close association among these three groups as indicated by morphology, leading these authors and Sibley and Monroe (1990) to maintain these species as members of the Bombycillidae, while also recognizing their differences by labeling them as distinct tribes (Bombycillini, Ptilogonatini, and Dulini; Table 1). Other modern taxonomies of the bombycillids (Voous, 1977; Cramp, 1988; AOU, 1998) have followed Wetmore (1930) in emphasizing skeletal differences among the three groups and elevating each to the family level (Bombyicillidae, Ptilogonatidae, and Dulidae). If the waxwings, silky-flycatchers, and palmchat are considered the “core” bombycillids (but relationships among the core groups are still unknown), then the remaining ambiguity lies in placement of the only other species ever to be considered among the bombycillids, the grey hypocolius (Hypocolius ampelinus). The grey hypocolius is generally considered to belong to a monotypic family, Hypocoliidae; however, at various points in its taxonomic history it has been considered closely allied with shrikes of the families Prionopidae and Laniidae (morphological characters; Mayr and Amadon, 1951), cuckoo-shrikes (jaw musculature; Campephagidae, Beecher, 1953), bulbuls (morphology; Pycnonotidae, Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990; Sibley and Monroe, 1990; Clements, 1991), and the Bombycillidae (plumage and morphological characters; Lowe, 1947; Delacour and Amadon, 1949). The most recent taxonomic treatment of waxwings, silky-flycatchers, palmchat, and grey hypocolius listed each as a separate but closely related family (Bombycillidae, Ptilogonatidae, Dulidae, and Hypocoliidae), reflecting the continued ambiguity of relationships among the groups (del Hoyo, 2005). Table 1 Specimen information.

"Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13. Penduline-tits to Shrikes" edited by Josep Del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David A. Christie. 2008. [book review

"Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13. Penduline-tits to Shrikes" edited by Josep Del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, and David A. Christie. 2008. [book review

Mitochondrial Transcription Factor B2 Is Essential for Metabolic Function in Drosophila melanogaster Development

Characterization of the basal transcription machinery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is critical to understand mitochondrial pathophysiology. In mammalian in vitro systems, mtDNA transcription requires mtRNA polymerase, transcription factor A (TFAM), and either transcription factor B1 (TFB1M) or B2 (TFB2M). We have silenced the expression of TFB2M by RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster. RNA interference knockdown of TF2BM causes lethality by arrest of larval development. Molecular analysis demonstrates that TF2BM is essential for mtDNA transcription during Drosophila development and is not redundant with TFB1M. The impairment of mtDNA transcription causes a dramatic decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis in the long-lived larvae, and a metabolic shift to glycolysis, which partially restores ATP levels and elicits a compensatory response at the nuclear level that increases mitochondrial mass. At the cellular level, the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by TFB2M knockdown causes a severe reduction in cell proliferation without affecting cell growth, and increases the level of apoptosis. In contrast, cell differentiation and morphogenesis are largely unaffected. Our data demonstrate the essential role of TFB2M in mtDNA transcription in a multicellular organism, and reveal the complex cellular, biochemical, and molecular responses induced by impairment of oxidative phosphorylation during Drosophila development.

"Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 10" edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David A. Christie. 2005. [book review

"Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 10" edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David A. Christie. 2005. [book review

Die Nachzucht des Roten Felsenhahns, Rupicola peruviana (Latham, 1790) und des Schildschmuckvogels, Querula purpurata (Müller, 1776) im Zoologischen Garten Wuppertal

Incubation, handrearing and motherrearing of 5 male Andean Cocks of the Rock ( Rupicola peruviana) in Wuppertal Zoo is described, in particular the development of the juvenile plumage to adulthood, and the change of colour of the beak and the iris of the eye. Incubation lasted 26–28 days. The mother-reared nestling fledged after 28 days. The young male Cock of the Rock attained full adult plumage at the age of 18 months, not at 3 years as Del Hoyo et al. (2004) describe from free-living Cocks of the Rock. A report on the supposed world's first breeding of the Purple-throated Fruitcrow ( Querula purpurata) is given. The incubation period was 25 days.

Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Fourth report

Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: Fourth report

"Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume II - Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers" edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David A. Christie. 2006. [book review

"Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume II - Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers" edited by Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David A. Christie. 2006. [book review