Degree Of Reputation Research Articles

A Reputation Evaluation Approach Based on Fuzzy Relation

In traditional models, fuzzy sets are used to describe trust degree and evaluate reputation for vague words. But in some practical applications, the determination of membership functions associated with vague concepts is difficult or impossible. This paper builds a reputation computing model based on fuzzy relation and provides a new reputation evaluation approach among vague concepts. The definition of reputation degree computing is given according trust passing and trust combination. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reputation comparison among different sellers and various index assessment among products of one seller.

Analysis of the minimal privacy disclosure for web services collaborations with role mechanisms

Web services collaborations are challenging as research and practical tasks. They are highly automatic, dynamic, heterogeneous, and lack protection against corruption of processes. High risks are imposed on the services (including the consumers and providers) in collaboration. Hence, avoiding illegal collection of private data disclosed in services collaboration is becoming increasingly important. This paper studies how to realize the minimal privacy disclosure while achieving the functional objectives through role mechanisms. Initially, it proposes a revised role-based framework for privacy-aware services collaborations, which considers the impact on the reputation degree of the historic experiences of services in playing roles. Next, it models the privacy behaviors of services by extending the interface automata to support privacy semantics. Furthermore, it quantitatively analyzes the minimal privacy authorization; and presents the minimal privacy delegation algorithm, which allows us to automatically derive optimal privacy policies for an cross-organizational services collaborations system. Finally, it verifies the correctness and efficiency of this role-based approach through a case study.

ASSESSING EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK'S CREDIBILITY DURING THE FIRST YEARS OF THE EUROSYSTEM: A BAYESIAN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

In this paper we extend Svenssons (CEPR Discussion Paper 940, April 1994) ‘simplest test’ of inflation target credibility inside a Bayesian econometric framework and obtain various estimates of the European Central Bank's monetary policy credibility. Overall, our empirical evidence suggests that the strategy followed by the European Central Bank was successful in building a satisfactory degree of reputation. However, we find some significant credibility reversals concerning both anti-inflationary and anti-deflationary credibility. These reversals, in turn, are closely related to the evolution of the cyclical macroeconomic conditions in the euro area.

Reputation-based linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

We propose a reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio (CR) networks to solve the uncertainty resulting from the multipath fading and shadowing effect. In the proposed scheme, each cooperative CR user has a reputation degree that is initialized and adjusted by the central controller, and used to weight the sensing result from the corresponding CR user in the linear fusion process at the central controller. A simple method for adjusting the reputation degree of CR users is also presented. We analyzed and evaluated the detection performance of the reputation-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme. Simulation results showed that our proposed scheme alleviates the problem of corrupted detection resulting from destructive channel conditions between the primary transmitter and the CR user. The performance of our proposed scheme was improved compared to the average-based linear cooperation scheme, and was similar to that of the optimal linear cooperation scheme with feasible computational complexity. Moreover, our proposed scheme does not require knowledge of channel statistics.

Intangibles disclosure, market performance and business reputation the case of Spain

The aim of this paper is to analyse from an evolutionary point of view the degree of disclosure of information regarding intangibles of Spanish companies listed on the Stock Exchange. In addition, the paper explores the reasons which lead companies towards greater transparency and the effects this has on share market value and business reputation. All kinds of annual reports issued by 43 listed Spanish companies have been examined for the period of 2001?2003. With respect to previous studies, an improved classification of intangibles has been used and several refinements have been made in the way of scoring the amount of information disclosed. The research shows that information transparency regarding intangibles is clearly on the rise. No type of significant link has been noted between transparency and share market value, but a positive and significant link has been detected between the degree of intangibles disclosure and corporate reputation.

Six degrees of reputation: The use and abuse of online review and recommendation systems (originally published in March 2006)

This paper is included in the First Monday Special Issue: Commercial Applications of the Internet, published in July 2006. This paper reports initial findings from a study that used quantitative and qualitative research methods and custom–built software to investigate online economies of reputation and user practices in online product reviews at several leading e–commerce sites (primarily Amazon.com). We explore several cases in which book and CD reviews were copied whole or in part from one item to another and show that hundreds of product reviews on Amazon.com might be copies of one another. We further explain the strategies involved in these suspect product reviews, and the ways in which the collapse of the barriers between authors and readers affect the ways in which these information goods are being produced and exchanged. We report on techniques that are employed by authors, artists, editors, and readers to ensure they promote their agendas while they build their identities as experts. We suggest a framework for discussing the changes of the categories of authorship, creativity, expertise, and reputation that are being re–negotiated in this multi–tier reputation economy.

Six degrees of reputation: The use and abuse of online review and recommendation systems

This paper reports initial findings from a study that used quantitative and qualitative research methods and custom–built software to investigate online economies of reputation and user practices in online product reviews at several leading e–commerce sites (primarily Amazon.com). We explore several cases in which book and CD reviews were copied whole or in part from one item to another and show that hundreds of product reviews on Amazon.com might be copies of one another. We further explain the strategies involved in these suspect product reviews, and the ways in which the collapse of the barriers between authors and readers affect the ways in which these information goods are being produced and exchanged. We report on techniques that are employed by authors, artists, editors, and readers to ensure they promote their agendas while they build their identities as experts. We suggest a framework for discussing the changes of the categories of authorship, creativity, expertise, and reputation that are being re–negotiated in this multi–tier reputation economy.

Shareholder Lock-In Contracts: Share Price and Trading Volume Effects at the Lock-In Expiry

This paper unveils the diversity in lock-in agreements of firms listed on the Nouveau Marche stock exchange in France. We give the main economic reasons why shareholders adopt lock-in agreements that are more stringent than legally required. We relate the abnormal returns and the abnormal volume at the expiry dates of the different types of lock-in contracts to the degree of underpricing, venture-capitalist reputation and underwriter reputation. Abnormal returns and trading volume increase at the lock-in expiry; this is especially pronounced at the expiry dates of insider lock-in contracts as insiders are legally required to be locked-in. We do not find significant abnormal returns at the expiries of VC contracts, even though trading volume increases at their lock-in expiry. There is also no evidence of a positive (negative) relation between abnormal returns (abnormal volume) and more stringent lock-in contracts. Lock-in contracts and the degree of underpricing are complementary signalling devices.

Six Degrees of Reputation: The Use and Abuse of Online Review and Recommendation Systems

This paper reports initial findings from a study that used quantitative and qualitative research methods and custom-built software to investigate online economies of reputation and user practices in online product reviews at several leading ecommerce sites (primarily Amazon.com). We explore several cases in which book and CD reviews were copied in part or in whole from one item to another and show that hundreds of product reviews on Amazon.com might be copies of one another. We further explain the strategies involved in these suspect product reviews, and the ways in which the collapse of the barriers between authors and readers affect the ways in which these information goods are being produced, and exchanged. We report on techniques that are employed by authors, artists, editors, and readers to ensure they promote their agendas while they build their identities as experts. We suggest a framework for discussing the changes of the categories of authorship, creativity, expertise, and reputation that are being re-negotiated in this multi-tier reputation economy.

Shareholder Lock-in Contracts: Share Price and Trading Volume Effects at the Lock-in Expiry

This paper unveils the diversity in lock-in agreements of firms listed on the Nouveau Marche stock exchange in France.We give the main economic reasons why shareholders adopt lock-in agreements that are more stringent than legally required.We relate the abnormal returns and the abnormal volume at the expiry dates of the different types of lock-in contracts to the degree of underpricing, venture-capitalist reputation and underwriter reputation.Abnormal returns and trading volume increase at the lock-in expiry; this is especially pronounced at the expiry dates of insider lock-in contracts as insiders are legally required to be locked-in.We do not find significant abnormal returns at the expiries of VC contracts, even though trading volume increases at their lock-in expiry.There is also no evidence of a positive (negative) relation between abnormal returns (abnormal volume) and more stringent lock-in contracts.Lock-in contracts and the degree of underpricing are complementary signalling devices.

“An Avenue to Some Degree of Profit and Reputation”: The Sketch Book as Washington Irving's entrée and undoing

“I have,” confided Washington Irving to his friend and effective literary agent Henry Brevoort, “by patient & persevering labour of my most uncertain pen, & by catching the gleams of sunshine in my cloudy mind, managed to open to myself an avenue to 〈a〉 some degree of profit & reputation.” The “avenue” in question was The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. – America's first internationally acclaimed work of literature – which, by March 1821, had become a direct route to respectability and the British establishment, opening to Irving the world of stately homes and their real-life avenues, previously only glimpsed from afar. Pieced together after the collapse of his family business, the collection of sketches may have been a carefully engineered career move, but Irving avoided any suggestion of personal cost in catching only those “gleams of sunshine,” and apparently censoring his cloudier, less amenable self. He continued: “I value it the more highly because it is entirely independent and self created; and I must use my best endeavours to turn it to account” (LI.614). In the context, “independent” – a charged word for his generation – is striking, given that The Sketch Book was anything but.

The Pricing of Legal Services: A Contractual Solution to the Problem of Bilateral Opportunism

THE traditional theory of exchange implicitly assumes that the seller receives the contractually determined price at the time the (instantaneous) exchange is made. However, the actual process of exchange is more convoluted. Not only is timing of payment subject to variation (sometimes occurring before supply and sometimes after), but more important, the effective price may be determined ex ante or ex post supply.' Examples of the latter complication arise in many service markets where contracts may be negotiated on a flat fee basis (ex ante pricing) or an hourly rate basis (ex post pricing). For example, in the market for a legal service, such as an uncontested divorce, we simultaneously observe some law firms quoting a fixed fee for the service and others pricing it on an hourly rate basis. In this paper we consider the hypothesis that the selection of contractual provisions for price timing in conjunction with variations in the degree of firm reputation (brand name) may provide a solution to the problem of bilateral opportunism between contracting parties. The particular problem addressed is that a customer negotiating a fixed fee contract may have the incentive to understate the complexity of his situation in order to secure a low fee whereas the firm negotiating an hourly rate contract may have the incentive, once the service is performed, to overstate the time

New Aspects in the Assessment of Physical Fitness

A Physician in a great city seems to be the mere plaything of Fortune; his degree of reputation is for the most tart casual; they that employ him know not his excellence; they that reject him know not his deficience.—SAMUEL JOHNSON.