Degree Of Mismatch Research Articles

Quantification of T2-FLAIR Mismatch in Nonenhancing Diffuse Gliomas Using Digital Subtraction.

The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign on MR imaging is a highly specific imaging biomarker of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas, which lack 1p/19q codeletion. However, most studies using the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign have used visual assessment. This study quantified the degree of T2-FLAIR mismatch using digital subtraction of fluid-nulled T2-weighted FLAIR images from non-fluid-nulled T2-weighted images in human nonenhancing diffuse gliomas and then used this information to assess improvements in diagnostic performance and investigate subregion characteristics within these lesions. Two cohorts of treatment-naïve, nonenhancing gliomas with known IDH and 1p/19q status were studied (n = 71 from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and n = 34 in the institutional cohort). 3D volumes of interest corresponding to the tumor were segmented, and digital subtraction maps of T2-weighted MR imaging minus T2-weighted FLAIR MR imaging were used to partition each volume of interest into a T2-FLAIR mismatched subregion (T2-FLAIR mismatch, corresponding to voxels with positive values on the subtraction maps) and nonmismatched subregion (T2-FLAIR nonmismatch corresponding to voxels with negative values on the subtraction maps). Tumor subregion volumes, percentage of T2-FLAIR mismatch volume, and T2-FLAIR nonmismatch subregion thickness were calculated, and 2 radiologists assessed the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign with and without the aid of T2-FLAIR subtraction maps. Thresholds of ≥42% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume classified IDH-mutant astrocytoma with a specificity/sensitivity of 100%/19.6% (TCIA) and 100%/31.6% (institutional); ≥25% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume showed 92.0%/32.6% and 100%/63.2% specificity/sensitivity, and ≥15% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume showed 88.0%/39.1% and 93.3%/79.0% specificity/sensitivity. In IDH-mutant astrocytomas with ≥15% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume, T2-FLAIR nonmismatch subregion thickness was negatively correlated with the percentage T2-FLAIR mismatch volume (P < .0001) across both cohorts. The percentage T2-FLAIR mismatch volume was higher in grades 3-4 compared with grade 2 IDH-mutant astrocytomas (P < .05), and ≥15% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume IDH-mutant astrocytomas were significantly larger than <15% T2-FLAIR mismatch volume IDH-mutant astrocytoma (P < .05) across both cohorts. When evaluated by 2 radiologists, the additional use of T2-FLAIR subtraction maps did not show a significant difference in interreader agreement, sensitivity, or specificity compared with a separate evaluation of T2-FLAIR and T2-weighted MR imaging alone. T2-FLAIR digital subtraction maps may be a useful, automated tool to obtain objective segmentations of tumor subregions based on quantitative thresholds for classifying IDH-mutant astrocytomas using the percentage T2 FLAIR mismatch volume with 100% specificity and exploring T2-FLAIR mismatch/T2-FLAIR nonmismatch subregion characteristics. Conversely, the addition of T2-FLAIR subtraction maps did not enhance the sensitivity or specificity of the visual T2-FLAIR mismatch sign assessment by experienced radiologists.

Phase-field simulations of the effect of temperature and interface for zirconium δ-hydrides

Hydride precipitation in zirconium cladding materials can damage their integrity and durability. Service temperature and material defects have a significant effect on the dynamic growth of hydrides. In this study, we have developed a phase-field model based on the assumption of elastic behaviour within a specific temperature range (613 K–653 K). This model allows us to study the influence of temperature and interfacial effects on the morphology, stress, and average growth rate of zirconium hydride. The results suggest that changes in temperature and interfacial energy influence the length-to-thickness ratio and average growth rate of the hydride morphology. The ultimate determinant of hydride orientation is the loss of interfacial coherency, primarily induced by interfacial dislocation defects and quantifiable by the mismatch degree q. An escalation in interfacial coherency loss leads to a transition of hydride growth from horizontal to vertical, accompanied by the onset of redirection behaviour. Interestingly, redirection occurs at a critical mismatch level, denoted as q c, and remains unaffected by variations in temperature and interfacial energy. However, this redirection leads to an increase in the maximum stress, which may influence the direction of hydride crack propagation. This research highlights the importance of interfacial coherency and provides valuable insights into the morphology and growth kinetics of hydrides in zirconium alloys.

Frequency-to-Place Mismatch Impacts Cochlear Implant Quality of Life, But Not Speech Recognition.

To retrospectively compare frequency-place mismatch among adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients with lateral wall (LW) and perimodiolar/Mid Scala (PM/MS) arrays, and to quantify the impact of these factors on early post-activation (3 months) speech recognition abilities and CI-specific quality of life. One hundred and twenty-six adult participants were separated into two groups: (1) 83 participants who underwent CI with a PM/MS array and 43 patients who underwent CI with a LW array. All participants completed the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life Profile (CIQOL-35 Profile) instrument. Angular insertion depth and semitone mismatch, which contribute to frequency-place mismatch, were assessed using post-operative CT scans. Word and speech recognition in quiet were determined using the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) and the AzBio tests, respectively (n = 82 patients). LW arrays were more deeply inserted and exhibited less semitone mismatch compared to PM/MS arrays. No significant relationship was found between semitone mismatch and early post-operative speech perception scores for either PM/MS or LW arrays. However, greater degrees of semitone mismatch were associated with lower CIQOL-35 profile scores for PM/MS arrays. The results of this study indicate that both the degree of frequency-place mismatch, and its impact on CI-specific quality of life, vary by CI array design. 4 Laryngoscope, 134:2898-2905, 2024.

Oryza CLIMtools: A genome–environment association resource reveals adaptive roles for heterotrimeric G proteins in the regulation of rice agronomic traits

Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their productivity. To address this issue, we present Oryza CLIMtools (https://gramene.org/CLIMtools/oryza_v1.0/), the first resource for pan-genome prediction of climate-associated genetic variants in a crop species. Oryza CLIMtools consists of interactive web-based databases that enable the user to (1) explore the local environments of traditional rice varieties (landraces) in South-East Asia and (2) investigate the environment by genome associations for 658 Indica and 283 Japonica rice landrace accessions collected from georeferenced local environments and included in the 3K Rice Genomes Project. We demonstrate the value of these resources by identifying an interplay between flowering time and temperature in the local environment that is facilitated by adaptive natural variation in OsHD2 and disrupted by a natural variant in OsSOC1. Prior quantitative trait locus analysis has suggested the importance of heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of agronomic traits. Accordingly, we analyzed the climate associations of natural variants in the different heterotrimeric G protein subunits. We identified a coordinated role of G proteins in adaptation to the prevailing potential evapotranspiration gradient and revealed their regulation of key agronomic traits, including plant height and seed and panicle length. We conclude by highlighting the prospect of targeting heterotrimeric G proteins to produce climate-resilient crops.

Regulated Self-Folding in Multi-Layered Hydrogels Considered with an Interfacial Layer.

Multi-layered hydrogels consisting of bi- or tri-layers with different swelling ratios are designed to soft hydrogel actuators by self-folding. The successful use of multi-layered hydrogels in this application greatly relies on the precise design and fabrication of the curvature of self-folding. In general, however, the self-folding often results in an undesired mismatch with the expecting value. To address this issue, this study introduces an interfacial layer formed between each layered hydrogel, and this layer is evaluated to enhance the design and fabrication precision. By considering the interfacial layer, which forms through diffusion, as an additional layer in the multi-layered hydrogel, the degree of mismatch in the self-folding is significantly reduced. Experimental results show that as the thickness of the interfacial layer increases, the multi-layered hydrogel exhibits a 3.5-fold increase in its radius of curvature during the self-folding. In addition, the diffusion layer is crucial for creating robust systems by preventing the separation of layers in the muti-layered hydrogel during actuation, thereby ensuring the integrity of the system in operation. This new strategy for designing multi-layered hydrogels including an interfacial layer would greatly serve to fabricate precise and robust soft hydrogel actuators.

Neglected errors in ligament reconstruction surgery may increase graft-tunnel mismatch: A biomechanical study.

Tunnel widening is a frequent problem following arthroscopic ligament reconstruction surgery that may primarily arise from a graft-tunnel mismatch caused by errors in surgical instruments and methods. The present study aimed to observe the influence of current surgical instruments and methods on graft-tunnel matching. We established an in vitro model using porcine Achilles tendons and tibias, and compared traditional surgical instruments (control group) with custom instruments (experimental group). Graft measurements, bone-tunnel creation, and measurements of the maximum pullout force of the graft from the bone tunnel were performed. Results indicated that the measuring gauge developed by our research group (capable of accurate measurement of graft diameters) may mitigate errors arising from graft-diameter measurement using traditional measuring cylinders. Therefore, errors caused by current surgical instruments and surgical methods led to an increase in graft-tunnel mismatches. The degree of mismatch was greater at the tibial end than at the femoral end.

Stamping out stamp duty: Housing mismatch and welfare

Property transaction taxes—also known as stamp duty—are widely viewed as an inefficient form of taxation. In this paper, we examine the welfare implications of removing stamp duty in a general equilibrium overlapping generation model with heterogeneous agents. Our model features an idiosyncratic shock to housing preferences, which may create mismatch or induce households to move. We calibrate the model to the Australian housing market, and conduct counterfactual policy experiments where stamp duty is replaced with recurrent property or consumption taxes. We find that removing stamp duty raises household mobility and reduces the degree of housing mismatch substantially. When examining steady states, we find that newborn households prefer entering an economy with a recurring property tax rather than one with stamp duty. In contrast, when examining the transition we find that existing households prefer replacing stamp duty with a consumption tax.

Rapid and quantitative detection of DNA hybridization using a simplified Fabry-Perot interferometric biosensor.

This study introduces a miniaturized fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric biosensor, distinctively engineered for cost-effective, rapid, and quantitative DNA sequence detection. By leveraging the interference patterns generated within a Fabry-Perot microcavity, our sensor precisely monitors DNA hybridization events in real-time. We have verified the sensor's biofunctionalization via fluorescent labeling and have extensively validated its performance through numerous hybridization and regeneration cycles with 1 μM single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) solutions. Demonstrating remarkable repeatability and reusability, the sensor effectively discerns ssDNA sequences exhibiting varying degrees of mismatches. Its ability to accurately distinguish between sequences with 2 and 7 mismatches underscores its potential as a valuable asset for swift DNA analysis. Characterized by its rapid response time-typically yielding results within 6 minutes-and its adeptness at mismatch identification, our biosensor stands as a potent tool for facilitating accelerated DNA diagnostics and research.

A prospective cohort study of presenteeism and increased risk of unemployment among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Presenteeism adversely affects workers' quality of life, leading to further deterioration of their health and affecting their ability to continue working. Unemployment is one of the most serious consequences for workers experiencing presenteeism. A worker's ability to work depends on the degree of mismatch between their health status and job demands and work factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected workers' experiences of presenteeism as well as their employment status. We examined the association between presenteeism and risk of job resignations and unemployment among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prospective study of 27 036 internet monitors was conducted, starting in December 2020, with 18 560 (68.7%) participating in the follow-up by December 2021. The Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun) was used to measure the degree of work function impairment. The group with the highest WFun scores had higher odds ratios (ORs) for both retirement and unemployment for health reasons than the group with the lowest WFun scores. ORs were 2.99 (95% CI, 2.48-3.62; P < .001) and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.65-2.00; P < .001), respectively. Workers with work functioning impairment are at increased risk of resignation or unemployment. Management strategies for workers with work functioning impairment are needed to reduce their disadvantages in employment.

The linkage misalignment of productive services and firms' domestic value-added ratio——Evidence from Chinese micro-firm data

Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries is essential for enhancing the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises, cultivating a modern industrial system, and achieving high-quality, sustainable development; however, the low allocation efficiency of productive service resources has led to an extremely limited, long-term process in enhancing China's manufacturing industries' competitiveness. Based on scientific quantification of productive service linkage, this study uses micro level data from China to empirically test its impact and mechanism on the domestic value-added ratio of enterprises' exports. The results reveal a relatively high degree of mismatch of productive service input in China, which primarily reduces enterprises' domestic value-added ratio through import induced and markup reducing effects. The conclusions remain highly consistent across benchmark regression and further robustness tests, including instrumental variable estimation and a quasi-natural experiment. Further analysis reveals that enterprises in regions with a higher degree of marketization, firms facing tighter financing constraints, those with smaller gaps from the technology frontier, and enterprises in industries with comparative advantages are more easily influenced by productive services linkage misalignment. Finally, this study proposes targeted policy recommendations based on the research findings.

Effect of Urban Household Registration Controls on Labor Mismatch in China

This study examines the effect of the degree of household registration control on labor mismatch in China. Based on Chinese urban panel data, we construct a dynamic panel model to empirically examine the effect of the degree of household registration control on labor mismatch in China. The study finds that labor mismatch relatively exists in all regions of China, which differ significantly. Moreover, liberalizing the household registration system in cities with under- and over-allocated labor force can reduce and aggravate the degree of local labor mismatch, and improve and reduce resource allocation efficiency, respectively. This study uses the labor distortion coefficient to replace the original dependent variable, and the labor mismatch coefficient. The authors further conduct a robustness test using the system generalized moment estimation method. These results are consistent. The implication of this study is that, in the context of China’s shift from high-speed to high-quality development, local governments should tailor their household registration system reform programs to the local resource allocation situation to improve the degree of labor mismatch in China, to optimize resource allocation, and to promote economic transformation.

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Dy-added Alnico alloys

Alnico permanent alloys are still irreplaceable and show great potential in high temperature applications considering their excellent thermal stability, while the market for Alnico alloys is limited by their low coercivity. Rare-earth addition has been shown to increase the coercivity of Alnico alloys. In this work, the effects of Dy-addition on the crystal structure, microstructure, spinodal decomposition phases and magnetic characteristics of Alnico alloys were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the Dy element forms Dy-rich precipitates and influences the morphology and composition of spinodal decomposition structure. The 0.3 wt% Dy addition improves the coercivity from 132 kA·m−1 for the Dy-free alloys to 141 kA·m−1 for the Dy-added alloys and slightly optimizes the thermal stability. The enhancement of coercivity is attributed to the refined and uniform spinodal decomposition structure by reducing the mismatch degree and coherency strain. However, the magnetic properties of the 0.6 wt% Dy added alloy decrease due to the damaged structure with excessive Dy-rich phases and more connected α1 phases. A method for improving coercivity and thermal stability is suggested.

Abstract 13563: Long-Term Prognostic Value of Afterload Mismatch Index in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With and Without Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Backgrounds: Ventricular-arterial coupling has been shown to have physiologic importance in heart failure. At the acute worsening of heart failure, increased ratio of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to systemic systolic pressure (PCWP/SBP) might reflect the degree of afterload mismatch. However, there is no information available on the long-term prognostic value of PCWP/SBP in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), relating to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: We studied 240 patients admitted for ADHF (with LVEF&lt;40% [HFrEF, n=110] and without LVEF&lt;40% [n=130]), who underwent right heart catheterization at the admission and were discharged with survival. PCWP/SBP was obtained at the admission. The study endpoint was cardiovascular death (CVD). Results: During a mean follow-up period of 5.2±4.4 yrs, 59 patients had CVD. PCWP/SBP was significantly higher in patients with than without CVD (0.216±0.078 vs 0.172±0.064, p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PCWP/SBP was significantly associated with CVD, independently of prior heart failure hospitalization, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum sodium level. Patients with high PCWP/SBP (&gt;0.206 determined by ROC analysis: AUC 0.668[0.586-0.749]) had a significantly greater CVD risk than those with low PCWP/SBP (≤0.206) in both groups with and without HFrEF(with: 36% vs 11%, p=0.016; without: 42% vs 18%, p=0.0057). Conclusions: PCWP/SBP, an index of afterload mismatch, could provide the long-term prognostic information in patients admitted with ADHF, regardless of reduced LVEF.

Fracture mode transition from intergranular to transgranular in (TiZrNbTaCr)C: The grain boundary purification effect of Cr carbide

(TiZrNbTaCr)C high-entropy carbide ceramics with different Cr content are fabricated by hot-pressing and the mechanical properties are tested. With increasing Cr content, the fracture mode changed from intergranular to transgranular. Nanoindentation tests indicated that this transition is ascribed to the enhancement of grain boundary strength and atom probe tomography (APT) analysis confirmed indeed different grain boundary impurity concentration ascribed to a purification effect of Cr carbide. Besides, the mismatch degree between the atoms at and in the vicinity of grain boundaries as well as the grain size may also impact grain boundary strength. The fracture toughness presents a decline tendency with increasing Cr content, and its relationship with fracture mode transition is discussed.

Expansion, Persistence and Pharmacodynamic Profile of ADI-001, a First-in-Class Allogeneic CD20-Targeted CAR Gamma Delta T Cell Therapy, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Introduction ADI-001 is a first-in-class allogeneic gamma delta (γδ) CAR T cell therapy targeting the B-cell antigen, CD20. Expansion and persistence of cell therapy products and release of functional cytokines have historically correlated with patient outcomes. Here we report cellular kinetics and pharmacodynamic correlates from a phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study to evaluate ADI-001 in R/R B cell NHL. Methods Cellular kinetics of ADI-001 were measured using three orthogonal methods, including quantitative SNP profiling of cell product (AlloCell), flow-cytometry for CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) quantification of CAR transgene copies. Using these methods, expansion of ADI-001 was assessed in the peripheral blood for 24 evaluable patients across four dose levels in association with a phase 1 dose-escalation trial (NCT04735471). Relationships between ADI-001 cellular kinetics and radiographic clinical responses were also examined. Serum biomarkers related to host immune cell recovery during lymphodepletion and cytokine release were monitored for pharmacodynamic purposes. Humoral immunogenicity was assessed by Luminex™-based anti-HLA antibody screening. Other correlative characteristics were also evaluated, including degree of HLA mismatching between patient and ADI-001 product in relation to response and/or ADI-001 expansion and persistence. Results As of the May 2023 cutoff for reporting, ADI-001 was detected at all dose levels using ddPCR and flow cytometry to quantify CAR transgene copies and CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells, respectively. Treatment at the highest dose level, achieved a notable mean C max of 201,666 copies/µg or 483 CAR+ cells/µl, and mean day 28 persistent exposure of 16,553 copies/µg or 21 CAR+ cells/µL. Additional measures of ADI-001 exposure (AlloCell) further demonstrated a robust dose-dependent expansion profile of ADI-001 in the peripheral blood. Subjects with a BOR of CR or PR were observed to have a mean peak of 180,107 CAR copies/µg versus a mean peak of 20,950 CAR copies/µg in subjects with a BOR of SD or PD. Additionally, as expected following lymphodepletion, a transient increase in the homeostatic cytokine IL-15, coinciding with ADI-001 expansion and host-mediated immune cell recovery, was observed. Using high-resolution HLA typing, the degree of HLA mismatch between allogeneic ADI-001 product and patients did not associate with degree of cellular expansion, day 28 persistence, or response. Finally, emergence of donor-specific anti-drug antibodies following treatment was not observed. Conclusions Using three orthogonal measures of exposure, we show for the first time robust dose-dependent expansion and persistence of an allogeneic CAR γδ T cell therapy, ADI-001, irrespective of extensive degree of HLA mismatch. ADI-001 C max and D28 persistent exposure were comparable to, or exceeded, those demonstrated by alternative allogeneic CAR T therapies and approved autologous CD19 CAR T therapies. Favorable clinical responses were also associated with higher mean and median peak of ADI-001 cells.

Improving Outcomes of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) HLA-Mismatched Unrelated Donor (MMUD) Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT): Effect of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) well matched donor (related or unrelated) has remained the preferred donor source for patients undergoing HCT for hematological disease, but the probability of finding a suitable related or unrelated donor has varied based on ethnic groups. HLA-mismatch unrelated donor (MMUD) transplantation has improved access to HCT in underrepresented minority groups and patients of mixed race. Historically, MMUD HCT has been associated with inferior survival outcomes compared to matched unrelated donor HCT when using conventional platforms of GVHD prophylaxis. (PMID: 31449184, 20538804). Efforts to improve outcomes have investigated the addition of a third agent such as anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), mini-methotrexate (MTX) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). More recently, a study by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) demonstrated the feasibility of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) based GVHD prophylaxis in MMUD HCT using bone marrow (BM) grafts (PMID: 33905264). Additionally, our group demonstrated promising overall survival (OS) and GVHD-free/relapse-free-survival (GRFS) rates in peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) MMUD HCT using PTCy based GVHD prophylaxis (PMID: 34156440). Here, we compare outcomes of PBSC MMUD HCT among patients receiving GVHD prophylaxis with either: (1) tacrolimus plus sirolimus (T/S), (2) T/S plus mini-methotrexate (T/S/MTX), or (3) PTCy, MMF, and tacrolimus or sirolimus (PTCy). Patients with various hematologic malignancies that underwent PBSC MMUD HCT (≥5/8 HLA-matched donors) at City of Hope between January 2005 and December 2021 were included in this retrospective review. Of 390 subjects included, GVHD prophylaxis included T/S (n=114), T/S/MTX (n=160), and PTCy (n=116). The median age was 51 (range:15-79), 53.3% of patients belonged to a racial/ethnic minority, and 34.8% (n=136) patients had disease risk index high or very high. Degree of HLA mismatch was 7/8 (91.3%), 6/8 (8.5%), and 5/8 (0.3%). Hematologic diseases included AML (40.3%), ALL (20.3%), MDS/MPN (15.9%), Lymphoma (16.9%), and CML/CMMol (6.7%). Most common conditioning regimens were fTBI-based (34.4%) and melphalan-based (57.2%). HCT comorbidity index was ≥ 3 in 30.8% (n=120), which was most common in PTCy compared to T/S and T/S/MTX: 48.3% vs. 23.7% vs. 23.1%, P&amp;lt;.001. The rate of neutrophil engraftment (15 days vs. 15 days vs 16 days, P=0.002) and platelet engraftment (15 days vs. 16 days vs 27 days, P=0.004) were shorter in T/S compared to T/S/MTX and PTCy, respectively. With median follow-up of 5.4 years (range: 1.0-16.7) the 5-year OS was superior in PTCy (P=0.045) compared to T/S and T/S/MTX: 58.0% (95% CI: 46.6-67.8) vs. 41.1% (95% CI: 31.9-50.1) and 39.6% (95% CI: 32-47.2). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was superior in PTCy (P=0.042) compared to T/S and T/S/MTX: 54.2% (95% CI: 43.3-63.9) vs. 37.1% (95% CI: 28.2-46.0) vs. 37.2% (95% CI: 29.7-44.6), respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in T/S vs. T/S/MTX vs. T/S vs. PTCy: 29.1% (95% CI: 21.0-37.6) vs. 29.5% (95% CI: 22.6-36.7) vs. 22.1% (95% CI: 14.3-31.0), respectively. Additionally, there was no significant difference in 2-year NRM between the cohorts (P=0.459): 24.6% (95% CI: 17.1-32.9) vs. 23.1% (95% CI: 16.9-29.9) vs. 20.4% (95% CI: 13.5-28.4), respectively. The rate of 100-day Grade III-IV acute GVHD were similar between in the cohorts (P=0.321): 19.3% (95% CI: 12.6-27.0) vs. 18.1% (95% CI: 12.6 -24.5) vs. 12.9% (95% CI: 7.6-19.7). When comparing T/S vs. T/S/MTX and PTCy, the incidence of chronic GVHD was less in the PTCy cohort at both 1-year and 2-years (P&amp;lt;.001) with 1-year incidence of 55.0% (95% CI: 45.1-63.7) vs. 61.9% (95% CI: 53.8-68.9) vs. 38.9% (95% CI: 30-47.8), respectively, and 2-year incidence of 58.9% (95% CI: 49.0-67.6) vs. 66.2% (95% CI: 58.3-73.1) vs. 42.7% (95% CI: 33.4-51.6), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported single center outcome of PBSC MMUD HCT. In this study, we demonstrate the superiority of PTCy based GVHD prophylaxis compared to T/S and T/S/MTX in outcomes of 5-year OS (P=0.045), 5-year DFS (P=0.042), and incidence of chronic GVHD (P&amp;lt;.001). Our experience further supports the superiority of PTCy as the preferred GVHD prophylaxis in the PBSC MMUD HCT setting achieved by lowering chronic GVHD and associated complications.

Dynamic evolution and impact mechanism of human capital mismatch in strategic emerging industries: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta region of China

China's “demographic dividend” has gradually disappeared since 2013, but the problem of human capital mismatch prevails in various industries and sectors, and improving human capital mismatch and optimizing the allocation of human capital has become an important measure for high-quality economic development. This study uses panel data at the provincial level in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2012 to 2021 and employs spatial econometric models to quantitatively analyze the index of human capital mismatch, the impact mechanism, and spatial interaction effects in strategic emerging industries. The results show that the spatial agglomeration and dependence of human capital mismatch decreased in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the index of human capital mismatch in strategic emerging industries is generally insufficient. The shortage of talent supply within industries is particularly severe in high-end equipment manufacturing and biotechnology industries. Second, fiscal subsidies have exacerbated human capital mismatches in both local and neighboring areas, with significant spatial spillover effects. Urbanization has exacerbated local human capital mismatches but has improved the degree of human capital mismatch in neighboring areas. The index of industrial structural adjustment is generally conducive to alleviating human capital mismatches. Distorted markets and financial levels have accelerated human capital mismatches by distorting the efficiency of human capital allocation. Third, regional heterogeneity significantly influences the spatial interaction effects of human capital mismatches. This study contributes to improving the situation of human capital mismatch in strategic emerging industries in the Yangtze River Delta and provides theoretical and policy recommendations for local governments.

Effect of sulfur content on precipitation behaviour of MnS-containing inclusions in X70 pipeline steel

The presence of oxide-MnS complex inclusions is beneficial for the improvement of hydrogen resistance in pipeline steel. The effect of S and Mg contents on the generation mechanism of MnS, MgAl2O4, and MgO inclusions, and the heterogeneous nucleation principle of MnS on the surfaces of MgAl2O4 and MgO were revealed using laboratory experiments, thermodynamic calculations, and density functional theory (DFT) computations. The inclusion characteristics in steel were evaluated by using a Scanning Electron Microscope in combination with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM + EDS). It has been found that as the Mg content increased, MgAl2O4 transformed into MgO, which can be well predicted by thermodynamic calculations. It was found that MnS exhibited the ability to nucleate heterogeneously on the surfaces of MgO and MgAl2O4 inclusions. Furthermore, proper S content (approximately 30 ppm) can facilitate the formation of oxide-MnS complex inclusions, excess S content was not desired. The smaller the oxide inclusion, the easier to form wrapped MnS on the oxides. The nucleation ability of MnS and MgAl2O4 was identified by DFT calculations and found that they followed the order of (111)MnS//(111)MgAl2O4>(100)MnS//(100)MgAl2O4>(110)MnS//(110)MgAl2O4. Furthermore, the heterogeneous nucleation ability of MnS and MgO followed in the order of (111)MnS//(111)MgO > (100)MnS//(111)MgO > (100)MnS//(100)MgO. This study provides theoretical evidence supporting the heterogeneous nucleation ability of MnS on the surfaces of MgO and MgAl2O4. Moreover, it helps bridge the disparity between the calculation of MnS and MgO nucleation using the two-dimensional mismatch degree and the experimental findings.

Flowering shift due to climate warming in cool temperate Japan

Biological processes can be disrupted by global climate warming, causing phenological mismatching and mistiming. On Hokkaido Island (Japan), which has a cool temperate climate, warmer and shorter winters affect plant flowering phenology. Rapid changes in flowering phenology suggest that shorter winters will result in earlier flowering. Flowering phenology patterns were recorded for nine years (2013–2021), and nine species were selected for analysis. I analyzed climate variables that affect plant flowering phenology, including annual changes in aerial temperature, snow depth, and snowmelt timing. The results indicated that winters are getting shorter and that the accumulated degree hours of aerial temperature have not significantly changed over nine years for these plant species except one species. Plant responses to these changes differed between species, with the first flowering day occurring earlier (1.5–1.8 days per year) for two species, although that of the other seven not. If climate warming continues, it will have diverse, complex, and unpredictable effects on various individual organisms and biological relationships among species. Detailed studies are needed to link climate change predictions to the predicted degree of mismatch in species interactions and networks.

Single-Chip Switchable Dual-Wavelength Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Dual-wavelength output devices have a wide range of applications in mid-infrared band difference frequency generation, anti-interference lidar, dual-wavelength holographic interferometry, and other applications. Vertical external cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) are a type of semiconductor laser that can achieve single-chip dual-wavelength output by designing the chip structure. In this paper, we present a single-chip VECSEL that can switch between dual-wavelength and single-wavelength output modes. The VECSEL can simultaneously emit coaxial laser beams at 967 nm and 1013 nm, with a wavelength spacing of about 45 nm. The degree of mismatch between the gain peaks of the two quantum wells in the gain chip and the corresponding cavity modes is different. By adjusting the pump power, the temperature of the active region can be changed, which alters the matching relationship between the gain peaks and the cavity modes and controls the output mode of the VECSEL. The dual-wavelength output mode maintains a stable wavelength spacing at different operating temperatures. The laser output mode can be switched between single-wavelength and dual-wavelength, and the beam divergence angle is less than 8°. The dual-wavelength output power can exceed 400 mW, and the long-wavelength output power can reach up to 700 mW.