Degree Of Alcohol Intoxication Research Articles

Effect of ethanol on platelet biology

In recent years, interest in the study of platelets, significantly increased due to recent discoveries providing convincing evidence that their functions by are not limited to their participation in the blood coagulation mechanism. Many works are devoted to the study of the functional state of platelets under conditions of acute and chronic alcohol exposure. The results of such studies can be useful for the development of new markers of the degree of alcohol intoxication of the body for the subsequent choice of the method drug correction of disorders caused by acute or chronic alcohol effects. The review summarizes results in vivo and in vitro of studies performed during more than 60 years on the effect of ethanol on the biogenesis, number, morphology and biochemistry of platelets.

Determination of driver’s reaction time in expert studies of road traffic accidents using software and hardware complex

The article addresses the psychophysiological state of vehicle drivers, analyzed in expert studies of road traffic accidents (RTAs). The purpose of this article is to publish the results of research on reaction time and visual perception of drivers under the influence of alcohol. The authors experimentally obtained the values of simple reaction time of drivers able to work as usual and drivers in a state of alcoholic intoxication (0.3‰, 0.5‰), as well as the values of the volume of their visual perception. The influence of different degrees of alcohol intoxication on the driver reaction time, which affects the ability to timely prevent accidents, is derived and scientifically justified.

Statistical diagnostics of postmortem artifacts for determination of ethanol concentration

Objectives - statistical estimation of the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in cadaveric blood and bladder urine and development of an automated method for diagnosing postmortem artifacts of forensic medical examination of acute alcohol intoxication on the corpse. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis of the results of toxicological determination of ethanol concentration in a blood and in the urine in 2376 deaths from acute alcohol intoxication. Results. Regression equations have been developed that allow us to determine the physiological limits of the quantitative distribution of ethanol in blood and urine with any confidence probability for any degree of alcohol intoxication and phase of acute alcohol intoxication. The set of computational procedures is implemented in the format of the computer program "Alcohol calculator Z 3.0". Conclusion. If the concentrations of ethanol in the blood or in the urine are beyond their physiological limits, the results of toxicological analysis should be considered as a postmortem artifact.

Alcohol Calculations in Emergency and Forensic Medicine

Knowing the degree of alcohol intoxication can be imperative in the decision-making process of diagnoses, treatment and discharge decisions in some situations. Blood testing provides a snapshot of intoxication at the time the sample is drawn but not earlier (e.g., at the time of injury) or later, although information of the latter would be useful in epidemiological comparisons about risk and injury.

1206 – Degree of alcohol intoxication on the abnormal offenders

The aim of the study was association between degree of alcohol intoxication and abnormal offenders convicted for the criminal acts. Used sources were courd and medical records, which team exploited while preparing the reports for the County court in Kragujevac, and for the Municipal Courts in the Sumadija region. Analyse is consitsted from two different periods. First is from January 1999 till January 2002. and 72 convicted persons are included. Second period is ten years later, from January 2009 till January 2012. and 58 persons are included. Indictments were for the following criminal acts: mischief, robbery, rape, sexual abuse, intention of murder but without deliberation and murder. Following the degrees of the alcohol as cause of depression of the brain and inhibitory mechanisams, influenced differently on the convicted criminals (p= 0.001). According to the results of the study less degree of the alcohol is most frequent and most dangerous facilitating factor of the criminal acts. There is statistically significant difference between two periods for the different criminal acts connected with degree of alcohol intoxication (p We can conclude that alcohol influence differently on the convicted criminals and different criminal acts depent from degree of alcohol intoxication.

Risk Factors for Violent Victimisation and Injury from Six Years of the British Crime Survey

Identifying factors that increase the likelihood of victimisation and injury reveals the considerable variability across groups and between incidents. It also allows the efficient allocation of prevention resources to protect those at greatest risk of harm. In this study, three statistical models were developed to identify risk factors for violent victimisation, violent injury and assault-related treatment at an Emergency Department (ED). The cross-sectional sample included all respondents in successive sweeps of the British Crime Survey between 2002/03 and 2007/08 (n = 261,238). Based on logistic regression, risk factors for violent victimisation included male gender, younger age, being divorced or separated, lower household income, living in an urban area and frequency of visiting a licensed premises. Among victims of violence, sustaining an injury was associated with weapon use and degree of alcohol intoxication. Among those injured in violence, weapon use, alcohol intoxication and being black increased risk of treatment at an ED. While sociodemographic factors can be used to predict incidence of victimisation, offence-specific factors offer greater predictive validity in predicting harm outcomes.

Motorcycle accident injury severity, blood alcohol levels, insurance status, and hospital costs: a 4-year study in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Clinical, demographic, and financial information for 337 patients injured in motorcycle accidents who were admitted to a community hospital over a 4-year period was reviewed for injury severity, prevalence and degree of alcohol intoxication, and effects of insurance status on hospital, patient, and community costs. Ninety percent of the patients were males (average age 31 years), and 52% had some form of insurance. Of those tested at the time of admission, 36% had blood alcohol levels of > or = 100 mg%. Uninsured patients had higher blood alcohol levels (p = 0.0001), as did older patients (p = 0.01). Forty percent of patients had injury severity scores of > or = 16. Uncompensated costs to the hospital of caring for the uninsured totalled > $850,000 over the 4 years. The need to enforce existing statutes and to increase awareness through education is discussed, and statutory changes are recommended.

Degrees of alcohol intoxication in 117 hospitalized cases.

The correlation among degrees of alcohol intoxication, facial flushing, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and blood acetaldehyde level was studied in 117 male alcoholic patients who underwent various tests to assess alcohol influence. Blood samples were collected and alcohol and acetaldehyde levels were determined. BACs ranged from 29 to 577 mg/dl in all patients and from 200 to 299 mg/dl in 48 of them. Fifty-one patients could stand erect (mean BAC [+/- SD] = 189 +/- 80 mg/dl), while 48 showed apparently normal reaction to a walking and turning test (mean BAC = 192 +/- 78 mg/dl). Some of the cases having BACs over 300 mg/dl could still stand and walk while others with BACs under 100 mg/dl already showed psychomotor impairment. Facial flushing was recognized in 75% of the subjects. Acetaldehyde concentrations in 27 patients ranged from 24 to 147 micrograms/dl. Appearance of facial flushing was correlated with relatively high concentrations of blood acetaldehyde. Seven out of 10 healthy volunteers given 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg of alcohol as a control could do nothing but sleep after reaching peak BAC (mean = 232 +/- 21 mg/dl). These findings are taken to indicate a great difference in response to alcohol between alcoholics and healthy men. This study is the first to report the occurrence of facial flushing and raised blood acetaldehyde concentration among Japanese alcoholics.

Peculiarities of autoaggressive behavior formation in patients with chronic alcoholism

The aims of our research were to study the frequency of suicidal thoughts and tendencies in patients with chronic alcoholism, to identify their dependence on the duration of alcohol abuse, stages of alcoholism, degree of alcohol intoxication, presence of withdrawal syndrome, psychogenias and degree of personality psychopathy (premorbid and due to alcoholism), to determine the age qualification and the most frequent reasons of suicidal behavior.

Survival time and acting capability after fatal injury by sharp weapons

Autopsy reports from 109 victims of fatal injury from sharp weapons were investigated with regard to type and number of lesions, blood loss, degree of alcohol intoxication, survival time and acting capability after the injury. Of the 13 who died immediately, nine had penetrating lesions of the heart. This group also had the highest number of lesions. Sixty-four victims survived for some time. The survival time increased with decreasing number of lesions. The greatest blood loss and the highest blood alcohol concentrations were found in those who survived between 0.5 h and 1 h. Twenty-four victims were able to make physical efforts after the injury and the movements varied from a few steps to the running of several hundred meters. Decisive factors for decrease in survival time and acting capability are penetrating lesions to the heart and the great vessels, and multiplicity of injuries.

A simple drinking test for measuring the effects of ethanol on the central nervous system.

An objective behavioral test is described for determining different degrees of alcohol intoxication in rats and other small laboratory animals. It is based on a measure of the length of time taken for a water-deprived rat to drink (standing upright) following the administration of a challenge dose of ethanol. The differential effects on drinking impairment of various doses of ethanol IP were examined in either the same (group A) or different (group B) animals. The test was shown to be sensitive to dose differences as small as 0.25 g/kg and to be applicable over a wide range of doses (1–4 g/kg). Lower (0.5 g/kg) or higher doses (4.5 and 5.0 g/kg) were, respectively, either ineffective or generated relatively higher latency scores than those obtained with the intermediate range of doses. The dose-response curve thus showed two rectilinear segments; regression coefficients were 154 and 183 min/g/kg-1 in the dose range up to 2.5 and up to 4.0 g/kg for groups A and B, respectively, 431 min/g/kg-1 for doses greater than 4.0 g/kg (group B). Blood alcohol levels measured at the onset of drinking did not differ significantly as a function of dose, between 1.0 and 4.0 g/kg (mean 0.864±0.070 mg/ml), but were higher compared to those observed with doses of 4.5 and 5.0 g/kg (0.281±0.180 mg/ml). The applicability of the drinking test to measures of initial and acquired tolerance toward drug effects is discussed.

Data on the Degree of Alcohol Intoxication in Rats Examined with the Tilting-Plane Method

Data on the Degree of Alcohol Intoxication in Rats Examined with the Tilting-Plane Method