Degree Of Social Participation Research Articles

Does the rural housing land system reform model meeting the needs of farmers improve the welfare of farmers?

The rural land system reform (RLSR) is inseparable from the protection of farmers' rights and profits. The success or failure of the system reform determines the value embodiment of the farmers' subject position. Under the background of continuously promoting the RLSR in China, combining the farmers' demands and welfare change, this study reveals the practice and process of rural housing land system reform (RHLSR) and puts forward three theory hypotheses. Then, four kinds of RHLSR mode are designed based on the outer edge-kernel system theory and Maslow demand theory. Finally, using fuzzy mathematical evaluation and a structure equation model, this study depicts the implementation process and effect of 20 typical cases and puts forward corresponding policy enlightenment. Results show that (1) due to the influence of the system, the RHLSR mode is diversified; the RHLSR mode that conforms to farmers' needs is also conducive to improving farmers' welfare level. (2) The correlation between farmers' living status and welfare level is the highest in the RHLSR process, while the degree of social participation is the lowest. (3) The land investment mode (LIM) has the best effect on the improvement of farmers’ welfare (FW) level, followed by the monetary compensation mode (MCM), and the asset replacement mode (ARM). Meanwhile, the use of land to ensure the life of the aged mode (ULELAM) has the lowest effect. These findings indicate that the government should adhere to the concept of people first, combining the welfare needs of farmers step-by-step. Those needs should be prioritized and optimized appropriately, according to the time and household, so as to realize a better tilt of land policy dividend towards farmers.

경상북도 지역주민의 사회참여와 지역 공동체 의식이 우울에 미치는 영향

By analyzing the impact of social participation and sense of community among residents living in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, the study aims to reveal the moderating effect of the digital capability. For this purpose, this study analyzed 250 local residents who lives in Gyeongsangbuk-do and has received services from the Community Welfare Center. The main findings were, first of all, the degree of social participation and the sense of community had a significant impact on their depression. And generally, gender, educational background, and subjective health condition had a significant impact on their depression. Secondly, in the part of digital capability, the subjects with higher scores of digital discomfort scored higher in depression and lower in social participation. Third, it has been proven that depending on the level of discomfort of digital use, the local residents' sense of community has a moderating effect on depression. Based on this research result, the study discussed social welfare practices and policy implications in order to reduce depression and improve the life quality of people who receives welfare services in the community welfare center.

애정소설에서의 여성형상과 남성작가의 인식

In classical novels, the proportion of works that develop love issues between men and women as events is very large. A group of novels narrated with affection between a man and a woman at the center of the event was set as the category of love novels and studied. One axis of the research is to analyze the female protagonist’s appearance as passive and active, and many studies have been conducted to infer the appearance of women at the time according to the degree of social participation. This study paid attention to the fact that most of the classical novels were written by male authors. Classical novels are a reflection of society, and the image of the female protagonist reflected in the work may be a general image of women of the time captured by the author or a part of it. However, there is a limit as a male writer to describe the appearance of such a female protagonist. Therefore, in this study, the character formation of female protagonists in <Leesaenggyujangjeon>, <Haesaengiwoojeon>, <Choicheokjeon>, and <Joosaengjeon>, which were clearly identified as male writers, was considered. The female character formation in the three works has the image of a woman that men of the time ideally consider, and she has excellent writing skills so that she can relate to the male protagonist, and she is active in advancing the aspect of affection. This can be said to represent the female image of the contemporary society, but it cannot be excluded that it was created probabilistically by the perception of male artists. It is a point that requires careful examination of the fact that the female figure revealed in the work was formed by a male writer to favor the narrative development process.

Role of deployment-related mTBI and resilience in perceived participation limitations among Veterans

ABSTRACT Problems with social functioning are common following combat deployment, and these may be greater among individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present investigation examined the impact of mild TBI (mTBI), deployment-related characteristics, and resilience on perceived participation limitations among combat Veterans. This was a cross-sectional study of 143 participants with a history of at least one deployment-related mTBI (TBI group) and 80 without a history of lifetime TBI (Comparison group). Self-report measures of participation, resilience, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and combat exposure were administered. In addition, each participant completed a structured interview to assess lifetime TBI history. The groups did not differ in basic demographics, but significant differences were found for perceived limitations in participation, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and intensity of combat exposure. A stepwise model indicated a significant effect of resilience on reported limitations in participation (adjusted R2 = 0.61). Individuals with higher resiliency reported a higher degree of social participation, and this effect was stronger in the TBI group. Deployment-related characteristics, including intensity of combat exposure, did not have a significant effect (adjusted R2 = 0.28) on social participation. The role of resilience should be recognized within post-deployment transition and rehabilitation programs.

DP 0257 - International City’s Networks and Diplomacy

The internationalization of cities and the constitution of a new international space of power involves a much more expressive number of cities than the usual global cities. Nowadays, dozens of international organizations are composed of regional capitals, medium, and even small cities. With diverse agendas and their own strategies of action, those organizations seek to interfere in global processes and negotiate with large corporations, multilateral organizations, and nation-states. Historically, the internationalization of cities carries strategic values such as peace, culture, and sustainability, among others discussed in this paper. More recently, the notion of the city as merchandise explains this process. Urban requalification and urban space commoditization are treated here under the conception of rugosities (Ribeiro, 2012), local and global rationality (Santos, 1995), and creative destruction (Brenner and Theodore, 2002). By hypothesis, I affirm that city internationalization is directly related to the democratic environment, degree of social participation, and local government’s autonomy. The magnitude of this process is measured confronting original database research to secondary sources and illustrated using the Brazilian scenario. Additionally, a theoretical discussion proposes an innovative classification of those networks according to their constitution, composition, agendas, and spatialization. The characteristics, agents, and means of city diplomacy are debated, and the adequacy of other terms (paradiplomacy, federative diplomacy, and metrodiplomacy). In conclusion, it summarizes notes and indications of further research aiming to deepen the knowledge about this new and important agent of the world order, the city network.

Strategies for sustainable development of green buildings

This study systematically analyzed the strategies and approaches for the sustainable development of green buildings (SDGB) and summarized potential driving forces of SDGB from four aspects of green buildings (GB), including market development environment, economic value, the degree of social participation, and ecological value. A structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to explore dynamic interactions and leading roles of driving forces of SDGB based on data collected from a questionnaires survey of 240 respondents. Based on the SEM technique, a driving structural equation model was constructed to reveal the key driving paths and forces of SDGB. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and AMOS (Advanced MOrtar System) were applied to analyze the data. A dynamic system of SDGB was established to explore the SDGB’s driving mechanism. The results show that the market development environment and ecological value have a significant direct and comprehensive impact on SDGB. The economic value and the degree of social participation are key path nodes of SDGB. This study may provide appropriate strategies and practical guidance for better promoting SDGB.

Social participation and perceived depression among elderly population in South Africa.

There is a growing consensus regarding the influence of various psychosocial factors such as degree of social participation on health and disease outcomes, quality of life, and general well-being. Older individuals with diminished motor and physical functionality suffer a heightened risk of social exclusion and loneliness. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between social exclusion and loneliness with mental health among the older population. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether or not difficulty in social participation has any relationship with perceived depression among older individuals in South Africa. We collected cross-sectional data from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study 2010 on 422 men and women aged 50 years and above. Perceived depression and loss of interest in things (eg, personal relationships, hobbies) during the last 12 months were used as outcome variables with difficulty in joining community activities, relationships/community participation, friendships, and visiting family/friends as the main explanatory variables. Findings indicated that the prevalence of self-reported depression and the feeling of reduced interest in most things were respectively 51.9% and 43.8%. In the multivariate analysis, those who reported difficulty in joining community activities had respectively 64% (OR =1.639; 95% CI =1.081–2.583) and 69% (OR =1.685; 95% CI) higher odds of depression and loss of interest in things compared with those who did not report any difficulty. The study concludes that addressing the barriers to engaging in community activities may help minimize burden of depression among the elderly population in South Africa. Furthermore, large-scale studies are warranted to explore the social and structural barriers which constrain community participation among the elderly population.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Womens Political Awareness and Their Social Participation in the Contemporary Society of Iran (Ardabil Province)

Among indices of development of a country is the level of activity and role of women in it. Women have fundamental role in social, cultural and economic development in society and any change in the direction of reaching advancement needs inclusion of their potential and actual energy. Social participation is considered one of the important criteria of democratic societies and one of the conditions of their successful development. This research is a descriptive and field study where by method of multi-stage cluster sampling, 398 women aged 18 years and above in the counties of Ardabil, Meshkinshahr and Parsabad were selected to participate in the study in the year 2013. Data collection was performed using demographic information questionnaire and researcher prepared questionnaire. The information collected was analyzed with the SPSS software using statistical methods such as distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation and regression test. Results of the research showed that meaningful correlation exists between level of political awareness of women and their degree of social participation.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE GAPS OF FISHERMEN IN LAKE BURULLUS IN KARF EL SHEIKH GOVERNORATE OF FISHING LAW NO (124) OF 1983

The main research objective was: to identify Knowledge and practice Gaps of fishermen in Lake Burullus regarding fishing Law Number (124) of 1983 through achieving objectives: idintifing the level of Knowledge and practice Gaps of fishermen, Identifying the relationship between Knowledge gaps and independent variables, Identifying the relationship between practice gaps and independent variables, Identifying the contact degree between fishermen and extension sources. To achieve the goals of research was selected a sample of 110 fishermen from a central Balteem and Sidi Salem at random from among fishermen obtaining fishermen card, data has been through a questionnaire to collect personal interview during the month of March 2013, and was used the following statistical methods: frequencies, percentages, and the coefficient of the simple Pearson correlation were used to analyze data. The main results of the research were: medium level of Knowledge gaps of all items (50 item) studied law for (53.6%) respondents, while the practice gaps were a medium for more than half of the respondents about (62.7%) respondents. There was a significant relationship between the Knowledge gaps and the following dependent variables: education, experiance, membership in organizations, frequencies on Urban centers, degree of exposure to media, degree of social participation and Knowledge sources. There was a significant relationship between the paractice gaps and the following dependent variables: Training, frequencies of Urban centers, membership in organizations, social participation, exposure to media, and Knowledge sources. There was low contact degree between fishermen and extension source (Extension Center, symposium, meetings and guidance on the Law No. 124 fishing, research institute, authority General wealth Fisheries Development and Cooperative Union of wealth water sources.

A STUDY OF FARMER'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT USE PESTICIDES AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN NAMUL AND SNDION VILLAGES, TOKH AND QALIOUB CENTERS, IN QALIOUBIA GOVERNORATE

The recent study aims to: identify the degree of knowledge of farmers using pesticides and chemical fertilizers, in addition, identifying the sources of knowledge of the farmers on the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and determine the relationship between the independent variables studied and knowledge of farmers using pesticides and chemical fertilizers degree and to identify the most important problems facing the respondents in study area. The study was conducted in Qalioubia governorate. Data were collected through the personal interview with asystemtic random sample of 350 far- mers in Qalioubia governorate using aquestionnaire. Frequencies, percentages and simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) were utilized to present and analyze data. The most important findings were: 50.6% of the respondents had alow level knowledge. The fending also indicated significant correlation at 0.01% level between the area of agricultural holdings, and the degree of attiude towerds agricultural extension, and the degree of attiude towerds inovations. There were significant correlations at 0.05% level between the degree of leader ship and the degree of awareness of demage excessive use of pesticides, and the knowledge of the respondents level using pesticides and chemical fertilizers. There were non significant correlations between dependent variable and: age and the respondent's education level and the degree of social participation.

Educational arrangements and social participation with peers amongst children with disabilities in regular schools

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between educational arrangements and social participation amongst children with disabilities in regular schools. The analysis is based on data drawn from surveys of parents of children with disabilities, aged 11–13, who attend regular schools in Norway (N = 262). We have explored the relationships between the variables of interest by means of structural equation modelling linear structural relations (LISREL). The results show that (1) the present educational arrangements may hinder social participation with peers and (2) the type of disability and the degree of impairment have no direct effect on the degree of social participation with peers, but only an indirect effect via educational support and classroom participation. These findings suggest that if children with disabilities are equally entitled to have the opportunity of gaining the same social benefits as their peers, then regular schools should be careful not to segregate them from their peers in mainstream school activities.

Path Analysis of Determinants influencing Quality of Life of the Disabled Person : Focused on the environmental factors and the degree of social participation

Path Analysis of Determinants influencing Quality of Life of the Disabled Person : Focused on the environmental factors and the degree of social participation

Social participation and employment status after kidney transplantation: A systematic review

To summarize and assess literature regarding social participation of recipients after successful kidney transplantation. A systematic review including a literature search in Medline (1980-2003) and five other databases, and assessment of methodological quality of selected studies by two reviewers applying a checklist of twelve criteria. Seventeen studies out of 1443 identified references were selected. Quality scores for internal validity ranged from 0% to 50% (median 20%). Employment was the most used indicator of social participation and two studies briefly reported on vacation and recreation. Employment rate ranged from 18% to 82%, however differences in defining categories of employment or lack of description were present. Study populations were heterogeneous with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics. Three studies identified pre-transplant employment status as predictor of post-transplant employment. Other potential risk factors were not consistent across studies. Measurement of social participation focuses mainly on employment status. Quality assessment revealed shortcomings in reporting and validity of studies, whereby valid conclusions regarding the degree of social participation after kidney transplantation cannot be drawn. Future research should supplement the focus on employment status by examining other aspects of social participation as well as potential risk factors.

Externalizing Problems in Two-Year-Olds: Implications for Patterns of Social Behavior and Peers' Responses to Aggression

A sample of 48 two-year-old children selected on the basis of parents' responses to two administrations of the Child Behavior Checklist for two to three-year-olds was observed in peer interactions. Twenty-four of these children displayed symptoms of aggressive/destructive (externalizing) problems that were in the borderline clinical range (labelled "high risk") and 24 children displayed few such symptoms ("low risk"). The children were observed in matched dyads (one high risk and one low risk child) across four tasks designed to vary in the degree of social participation they would elicit from the children. Across all tasks, children in the high risk group displayed significantly and consistently more aggressive behavior than the children in the low risk group. However, these high risk children did not differ from other children in terms of several indices of social and nonsocial play. In addition, when children were classified as high aggressive versus average versus low aggressive on the basis of laboratory behavior, children who displayed high amounts of aggression during the play sessions did not differ from less aggressive children on these indices of social play. Finally, the responses of non-aggressive dyad partners to aggressive acts indicated that children are responsive, in relatively subtle ways, to aggression. These results are discussed in terms of the implications of early problematic behavior for later indices of maladjustment that include social competence and peer rejection.

Adoption of Improved Livestock Management Innovations in Nigeria: The Benue State Experience

Livestock farming in Africa Is limited by many factors, Including health, nutrition and reproductive performance. A study was carried out in Nigeria to identify the factors influencing the adoption of Improved livestock management practices. Some 980 farmers who kept livestock on a small scale were interviewed In Benue State, an area often described as the ‘food basket’ of Nigeria. Many of the farmers had no formal education, derived little income from livestock, and showed a limited degree of social participation and extension contact. The last three variables were significantly related to the adoption of improved livestock management practices. A sustained farmer education programme is vital, but there is a real need for extension agents to work with groups of farmers.

The Effects of Prior Group Experience, Age, and Familiarity on the Quality and Organization of Preschoolers'Social Relationships

HARPER, LAWRENCE V., and HUIE, KAREN S. The Effects of Prior Group Experience, Age, and Familiarity on the Quality and Organization of Preschoolers' Social Relationships. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1985, 56, 704-717. This study assessed the contributions of familiarity, prior experience, and age to the frequency and degree of social participation of preschoolers. A normative analysis of group differences indicated that sex, age, prior peer-group experience, and familiarity did not interact, and all of them independently affected 3and 4-year-old preschoolers' social play. In addition, we examined the hypotheses that solitary activities represent 1 pole of a continuum of social involvement and that parallel play is an immature variant of peer sociability. Whereas older and experienced children did spend more time interacting with peers and less time alone than did younger children, there were no ageor experience-related differences in parallel play. Ipsative analyses were made of individuals' patterns of social participation, both in terms of patterns of change across weeks of attendance and day-to-day variations in time spent in different degrees of social participation. They failed to support either of the above-mentioned hypotheses. Rather, they suggested that playing alone is an alternative to playing with others, and that when a 3-5-year-old child decides to become involved with age-mates, the degree of social participation may depend more upon age-graded status than social sophistication. Evidence for less time with adults among experienced children and reciprocal relations between interaction with peers and contacts with adults also suggested that experience with peers may affect preschoolers' choices of interactants as much as the quality of their interactions.

Social Structure in a Group of Scientists: A Test of the "Invisible College" Hypothesis

The existence of social organization within a research area may be inferred (a) if scientists who have published in the area have more social ties with one another than with scientists who have not published, and (b) if scientists who have published in the area can be differentiated by degree of social participation within the area. Using a mail questionnaire, sociometric data on different types of scientific relationships were obtained from scientists, all of whom had published in a particular problem area. Respondents chose scientists who had not published in the area as often as they chose scientists within the area. Analysis of direct and indirect ties, using Coleman's method for analysis of sociometric connectedness, revealed that a tie with one or more of the highly productive scientists brought other scientists of less productivity into a large network of influence and communication. Similarities between this type of social organization and that of the “social circle” are discussed.

Two Additional Studies in the Dynamics of School Social Structure of Classroom Seating and School Dances

THE PURPOSE of this study was to determine to what extent class seating, on the basis of unlike mental health status, will effect growth in mental health as compared to the growth patterns of a comparable class, its organization unchanged as a result of mental health and soci ometric testing. During this period, the school year of 1949-50, an investigation was also made into the relationship of a child's degree of social par ticipation and that child's mental health and sociometric status.

Group Play and Quarreling Among Preschool Children

IN AN observational study of friendship and quarreling forty 30-second observations ofthe type of activity, the companions, the degree of social participation according to the categories used by Parten (1), and whether or not the social contact resulted in a quarrel were obtained on the children in the nursery school of the Minnesota Institute of Child Welfare.' The results were first grouped on a large master sheet.