Degree Of Self-disclosure Research Articles

Research on Influencing Factors of Weibo Users' Intention to Use "Visitor Record" Function Based on UTAUT Model

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influencing factors of users' use of "visitor record" function from the two dimensions of technology itself and users' social media use psychology. Based on the integrated information technology acceptance and use Model (UTAUT), and based on the perspective of users' social media use, two factors of "self-disclosure degree" and "missing anxiety" were introduced, and the Weibo user group was taken as the research object through questionnaire survey method. Based on the 313 questionnaires obtained by screening, the analysis was conducted by hypothesis testing and multiple linear regression methods. The effects of integrated technology acceptance model factors and two newly introduced factors on user intention and behavior were explored. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating factors have significant positive effects on users' intention to use the "visitor record" function of Weibo. The facilitating factors have a negative influence on the user's use behavior of the "visitor record" function of microblog. The introduction of new perspectives, including fear of missing out and degree of self-disclosure, provides new ideas for further understanding of social media user behavior and subsequent related research.

The use of experiential knowledge in the role of a psychiatrist.

There is increasing interest in the use of experiential knowledge and the development of experiential expertise in mental health. Yet, little is known about how best to use this expertise in the role of a psychiatrist. This study aims to gain insight into the concerns of psychiatrists using their lived experiences with mental health distress as a source of knowledge for patients, colleagues and themselves. Eighteen psychiatrists with lived experience as patients in mental health care were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative narrative thematic analysis. The majority of the respondents use their lived experience implicitly in the contact with patients, which makes the contact more equal and strengthens the treatment relationship. When explicitly using experiential knowledge in the contact with patients, thought should be given at forehand to its purpose, timing and dosage. Recommendations are that the psychiatrist should be able to reflect on his/her lived experience from a sufficient distance and should take patient factors into account. When working in a team, it is advisable to discuss the use of experiential knowledge in advance with the team. An open organizational culture facilitates the use of experiential knowledge and safety and stability in the team are vital. Current professional codes do not always offer the space to be open. Organizational interests play a role, in the degree of self-disclosure as it can lead to conflict situations and job loss. Respondents unanimously indicated that the use of experiential knowledge in the role of a psychiatrist is a personal decision. Self-reflection and peer supervision with colleagues can be helpful to reflect on different considerations with regard to the use of experiential knowledge. Having personal lived experiences with a mental disorder affects the way psychiatrists think about and performs the profession. The perception of psychopathology becomes more nuanced and there seems to be an increased understanding of the suffering. Even though harnessing experiential knowledge makes the doctor-patient relationship more horizontal it remains unequal because of the difference in roles. However, if adequately used, experiential knowledge can enhance the treatment relationship.

Exploring the Characteristics of YouTubers and Their Influence on Viewers’ Purchase Intention: A Viewers’ Pseudo-Social Interaction Perspective

As the video content online becomes more and more diverse and rich, YouTube has become the most commonly used video platform by the public. When choosing a product brand, viewers give priority to products recommended by their favorite YouTubers. To our best knowledge, no studies in the research literature have explored the relationships between the degree of YouTubers’ self-disclosure, similarity of viewers and YouTubers, YouTubers’ attractiveness, and viewers’ pseudo-social interaction with YouTubers and how these affect viewers’ stickiness to YouTubers, viewers’ brand attitudes toward products, and viewers’ perceptions and purchase intentions of YouTuber-recommended brands and products. Viewers’ stickiness to YouTubers, viewers’ brand attitudes toward products, and viewers’ pseudo-social interactions with YouTubers are mediating variables. A total of 435 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the degree of YouTubers’ self-disclosure, similarity of viewers and YouTubers, and YouTubers’ attractiveness have a significantly positive impact on viewers’ pseudo-social interaction, and viewers’ pseudo-social interaction will also have a significantly positive impact on viewers’ brand attitude and stickiness to YouTubers. Moreover, viewers’ brand attitude has a significantly positive impact on viewers’ purchase intention. The results also show that the degree of self-disclosure, similarity, and attractiveness indirectly affect brand attitudes through pseudo-social interaction as an intermediary, and the pseudo-social interaction has an indirect effect on purchase intention through brand attitudes. Finally, based on the findings, this paper focuses on the YouTube market and proposes strategies that YouTubers can improve to increase viewers’ stickiness, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions for brands and products recommended by YouTubers.

"You have people here to help you, people like me." A Qualitative Analysis of a Blogging Intervention for Adolescents and Young Adults with Depression or Anxiety.

Blogging in the lay community has been shown to be a popular means of expression for all ages exhibiting mental illness symptoms. With the recent rise of mental illness rates among adolescents, blogging in a space specifically designated to discuss mental health topics for adolescents could potentially be beneficial for this demographic. In order to reveal whether or not blogging has positive effects on adolescents and young adults, we created a moderated, anonymous eHealth intervention for those in this demographic experiencing depression and/or anxiety symptoms. This intervention, called Supporting Our Valued Adolescents (SOVA), allows a safe place for participants ages 14-26 (inclusive) to read, write, and comment on blog posts regarding various mental health topics. In this paper, we analyze 40 SOVA blog posts and their corresponding comments written by 18 participants over a six-month period to see if actively engaging on the website was beneficial for their mental health. These posts and comments were analyzed on their degree of self-disclosure, regulatory and interpersonal support, acknowledgement of others, and reader feedback. We found that the content analyzed implied that blogging had a positive effect on participants using this online intervention.

The roles of mental illness disclosure and disclosure strategies on well-being among college students

Objectives To examine how the degree of mental illness disclosure and disclosure strategies are associated with psychological and physical well-being among college students. Participants: Participants were 181 undergraduate students from two American universities who self-identified as having been diagnosed with mental illness. Method: Participants completed an online survey, which included measures of mental illness disclosure and a range of outcome measures (e.g., life satisfaction, self-report somatic complaints). Results: The degree of mental illness disclosure was positively related to well-being outcomes. After controlling for the effect of the degree of self-disclosure, a direct disclosure strategy was positively associated with well-being outcomes, whereas disclosure strategies involving entrapment, humor, and indirect medium were related to poorer well-being outcomes. Conclusions: Results suggest that the degree of mental illness disclosure and the manner in which individuals disclose their mental illness to others may have implications to the well-being of individuals living with mental illness.

Relationship between psychological distress, intimate relationship and self-disclosure in spouses of breast cancer patients

Objective To understand the situation of psychological distress, self-disclosure and intimate relationship in spouses of patients with breast cancer and analysis their interrelationship. Methods Totally 240 spouses of breast cancer patients from 3 class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Jiangsu Province were investigated with distress thermometer (DT) , distress disclosure index (DDI) , short marital adjustment and prediction test as well as general information questionnaire from July 2015 to July 2016. Single factor analysis was performed using rank test, and correlations analysis was performed by Spearman analysis. Results The average score of psychological distress was (5.2±4.7) points, self-disclosure (36.5±32.7) points, intimate relationship (118.2±36.5) points and marital disorder detection rate was 25.9%. The prevalence of psychological distress was 67.4% and there was a significant difference in DT score among the spouses of patients with different education level (Z= 7.519, P< 0.05) . Spouse psychological distress was negatively correlated with self-disclosure degree and the degree of intimacy (r=-0.673, -0.721; P<0.01) . Intimate relationship took a partial effects as mediator between the psychological distress and the degree of self-disclosure. Conclusions The incidence of psychological distress is high in spouses of patients with breast cancer, and the severity is influenced by self-disclosure and intimate relationship. Intimacy takes a partial effects as mediator between the psychological distress and the degree of self-disclosure. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Spouse; Psychological distress; Self-disclosure; Intimate relationship

The Relationship Among College Students&amp;apos; Internet Self-Disclosure, Self - Esteem and Mental Health

This study was to explore the relationship between psychological development of college students and the degree of self-disclosure on social networks from two aspects of self-esteem and mental health. Through questionnaire analysis, analyzed 172 college students’ social web page (take Renren as example) self-disclosure (including the number of friends, published state, log, upload photos and text reply information etc.) correlated with self-esteem and mental health. Results: there was a significant difference between male and female college students in the degree of network disclosure; there was a significant correlation between the degree of disclosure and self-esteem of college students in the log reply and the number of the owner recovery log; the relationship between the number of friends, the number of log reply and the number of photos shows the relationship between the disclosure level and the mental health. Conclusions indicate that appropriate information disclosure has a good effect on the maintenance of mental health.

Information quality and dynamics of patients' interactions on tonsillectomy web resources

Information technologies have drastically altered the way patients gather health-related information. By analysing web resources on tonsillectomy, we expose information quality and dynamics of patients' interactions in the online continuum. Readability was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning Fog Index (GFI). Comprehensibility and actionability were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Metrics of forums included author characteristics (level of disclosure, gender, age, avatar image, etc.), posts' motive (community support vs. medical information) and content (word count, emoticon use, number of replies, etc.). Analysis of 6 professional medical websites, of 10 health information portals, and of 3 discussion forums totalizing 1369 posts on 358 threads, from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2014, reveals that online resources exceed understandability recommendations. Women were more present on online health forums (68.2% of authors disclosing their gender) and invested themselves more in their avatar. Authors replying were significantly older than authors of original posts (39.7±0.8years vs. 29.2±0.9years, p<0.001). The degree of self-disclosure was inversely proportional to the requests for medical information (p<0.001). Men and women were equally seeking medical information (men: 74.0%, women: 77.0%) and community support (men: 65.7%, women: 70.4%), however women responded more supportively (women 86.2%, men 59.1%, p<0.001). The dynamics of patients' interactions used to overcome accessibility difficulties encountered is complex. This work outlines the necessity for comprehensible medical information to adequately answer patients' needs.

微信朋友圈使用行为中的自我表露研究

文章基于自我表露的相关理论，以互联网环境下的自我表露为背景，通过问卷调查的方法对A市Z大学的171名在校大学生及研究生进行调查，考察不同的人口统计学特征以及不同的微信朋友圈使用情况对其在微信朋友圈中自我表露的程度是否存在影响。研究结果显示，人口统计学特征中的性别、年龄、出生类别和家庭所在地对其朋友圈的表露程度有影响；而微信朋友圈的好友数、状态形式对其在朋友圈的表露程度也有影响；还指出在微信朋友圈的自我表露不仅仅能够拓展和强化自己的人际关系网，同时也能够作为自己在现实生活中自我表露的补充，帮助自己疏导情绪，释放压力。 Based on the theory of self-disclosure and under the background of Internet self-disclosure environment, we investigate 171 college student and postgraduate through questionnaire from the University of Z in city A to analyze whether different demographic characteristics and different usage of WeChat Moments will influence people’s self-disclosure in some ways. This study shows that demographic characteristics of gender, age, place of birth and the home have an impact on the degree of self-disclosure in their WeChat Moments and the number of WeChat friends and the different kinds of status also have effects. Meanwhile, self-disclosure in WeChat Moments can not only expand and strengthen its network of relationships, but also can be a complement to self- disclosure in real life, helping ease the emotion and release the pressure.

Good Samaritans on social network services: Effects of shared context information on social supports for strangers

Technological developments in smart phones and various sensors have been growing at a rapid pace, which leads people to share their context information with other users and support strangers in social network services (SNS). This allows us to study the effects of shared context information on socially supportive behaviors of individuals (Good Samaritans) in SNS. Our aim of this study is to investigate the pattern of social support amongst strangers in SNS. We aim to find out which types and forms of context information induce high levels of willingness to provide social support among strangers. We focus on four different types of context information (location, activity, emotion, or physical environment), which vary by degree of self-disclosure. We also investigated two forms of context information (subjective vs. objective), which differ depending on the provision of human interpretation.In order to achieve our research goals, we first constructed a causal model between context information and social support mediated by the theory of mind, which consists of simulation theory (empathy) and theory theory (rational reasoning). To verify the model, we conducted two exploratory pre-studies and a controlled main experiment. Our results indicated that types and forms of context information affect social support, simulation theory and theory theory. First, we found that a high level of self-disclosure positively effects social support. Context information in the subjective form induced more social supports compared to the objective form even though the information content itself is the same. Emotional context information presented in the subjective form has the strongest positive effect on social support. Furthermore, a high level of self-disclosure was found to positively affect context form's effect on simulation theory and social supports. In regard to theory theory, we discovered that high levels of self-disclosure have a positive effect.Both practical and theoretical implications of the study results have been presented. Theoretically, a conceptual model of the effects of context information on intention to provide social supports has been proposed and empirically verified. Practically, the interplay between context information types and forms can be utilized to construct social network services efficiently promoting social supports among fellow users. This paper ends with study limitations and implications.

SNS 자기 노출 집단별 동질성 인식 연구

본 연구는 SNS 자기 노출 집단에 따른 이용자 동질성 인식에 어느 정도의 차이가 있는 가를 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 SNS 자기 노출 집단을 살펴본 결과, 이들은 적극적 노출 집단, 중간 노출 집단, 소극적 노출 집단으로 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 연구 문제인 SNS 자기 노출 집단별 SNS 이용 특성을 살펴본 결과, 적극적 자기 노출 집단은 트위터 접속 회수, SNS 메시지 수신 및 발신 건수 등에서 중간 및 소극적 자기 노출 집단보다 규모가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 미니홈피와 블로그 등의 온라인 활동에서는 소극적 자기 노출 집단 응답자들의 평균 점수가 다른 집단 응답자들보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, SNS 자기 노출 집단별 인구사회학적 동질성을 살펴본 결과, 국적을 제외한 지역, 성별, 연령, 직업 등에서 모두 적극적 자기 노출 집단 이용자들의 동질성 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공유된 동질성 인식 측면에서도 적극적 자기 노출 집단 응답자들은 관심 분야, 취향, 취미, 이용자들 간의 관계 등에서 모두 동질성 인식 정도가 높게 나타났다. 반면, 의견이나 생각에 대한 동질성 인식은 가장 낮게 나타났다. This study examines perceived homophily by the degree of self disclosure among SNS users. In this research, there were three different groups in terms of the degree of self disclosure among SNS users such as strong, medium and weak self disclosure groups The major results are as follows: Firstly, the higher the degree of self disclosure, the more social network service use. In addition, the higher the degree of self disclosure, the smaller the degree of online activity including blog and mini web page. Secondly, the higher the degree of self disclosure, the higher the degree of socio-demographic homophily. It can be argued that the strong group had much more mean scores than that of medium and weak groups in terms of regions, gender, age and vocation except nationality. Also, the higher the degree of self disclosure, the higher the degree of shared homophily except of political opinion homophily.

Is self-disclosure in couples coping with cancer associated with improvement in depressive symptoms?

This study examined associations between the degree of self-disclosure and changes in depressive symptoms in couples coping with colorectal cancer. Sixty-four newly diagnosed patients and their partners completed a measure of depressive symptoms (Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) 3 and 9 months postdiagnosis. Furthermore, approximately 2 months after the first assessment, they engaged in a cancer-related conversation in which the patient was asked to introduce a concern. Each partner's verbalizations of emotions, thoughts, and wishes (i.e., self-disclosures) were coded by independent observers. Patients who reported more depressive symptoms at baseline showed more self-disclosures. Mutual self-disclosure was not associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in patients and partners as compared with one-sided self-disclosure or low disclosure in both patients and partners. It is important to note that decreases in depressive symptoms over time were least prominent in couples in which the partner disclosed a lot whereas the patient disclosed little. These results suggest that mere disclosure of emotions and thoughts to one's intimate partner is not beneficial in reducing distress. Partners' self-disclosure toward patients who disclose few emotions and concerns even appears to be harmful both for patients and partners, given that it reduces the decrease of depressive symptoms over time. If there is a mismatch in the need for self-disclosure within couples, partners with a strong need to talk about their emotions and concerns may be recommended to confide in someone else in their social network or to consult a health care professional.

Rapid endocrine responses of young men to social interactions with young women

It is well-established that males of many nonhuman vertebrate species exhibit hormonal reactions to stimuli from potential mates. The present studies were designed to test replication of preliminary findings suggesting that human males may exhibit such reactions as well. In Experiment 1, young men ( n = 115) provided saliva samples before and after either conversing with a woman confederate or sitting alone for 15 min. Changes from baseline in salivary testosterone concentrations were significantly greater among the men exposed to women, but only among subjects tested in the afternoon. In Experiment 2, male subjects ( n = 99) interacted with either a male or a female confederate with saliva samples collected before and after these interactions and all experimental sessions conducted in the afternoon. Men who interacted with women exhibited significant elevations of testosterone relative to both their own baseline concentrations and to change scores among the men who interacted with other men. In addition, women confederates' ratings of men's extraversion and degree of self-disclosure were positively correlated with changes in testosterone. In both experiments, furthermore, changes in cortisol concentrations from baseline were significantly greater among men who spoke with women relative to men in the control conditions. The results provide evidence that social interactions with potential mates can in fact trigger specific patterns of endocrine responses in human males.

自己開示傾向の高低による文章完成法での反応の相違

Projective tests are considered to uncover unconscious emotions while avoiding psychological resistance. However, the results of projective tests may be affected by conscious emotions. This study investigates whether self-disclosure, which is a conscious factor, affected the results of a sentence completion test (SCT), which is a projective test. Eighty-five university students completed a questionnaire about their degree of self-disclosure, and a SCT. The results showed that low disclosers gave more negative responses on the SCT (such as denial responses, physiologically related responses, short responses, and short emotional responses) than high disclosers. High disclosers expressed more emotions, thoughts and feelings (i.e., opinions, positive emotions, wishes, directive disclosure responses, and positive self-images) than low disclosers. Although projective tests are assumed to minimize psychological resistance, the low disclosers gave more defensive responses on the SCT, and the high disclosers exhibited more emotional responses. In summary, self-disclosure, which is a conscious factor, affected SCT responses.

SELF-DISCLOSURE PATTERNS AMONG WELL-ACQUAINTED INDIVIDUALS: DISCLOSERS, CONFIDANTS AND UNIQUE RELATIONSHIPS

Round-robin self-reports regarding self-disclosure were obtained from groups of wellacquainted individuals and examined using the Social Relations Model. Degree of self-disclosure was strongly influenced by individual differences between disclosers (actor effects) and by relationship effects; that is, there was evidence for cross-partner consistency in disclosure and for differences between relationships. Individuals showed a limited shared preference for disclosing to particular individuals (partner effects). Extroversion was related to differences in general disclosure tendencies. At the relational level, disclosure was strongly associated with perceived intimacy and was strongly reciprocal; however, degree of acquaintance was not strongly related to disclosure. Results are discussed in terms of a methodology for the study of disclosure patterns among friends.

Questioning Some Traditional “Rules” in Psychotherapy

Abstract The author, in discussing the clinical cases reported by Ubaldo Leli, MD, and Robert S. Weinstein, PhD, shares some insights into psychotherapy. The author sees these two cases as illustrating some of the conflicts and dilemmas confronting today's therapists, when they are faced with decisions about how to conduct treatment. These include the issues of frequency of visits, use of the couch, degree of self-disclosure in response to personal questions, and willingness to step outside a traditional therapeutic “frame,” as for instance, in deciding whether to visit a hospitalized patient, or meet with a patient's lover or relatives. Sometimes rules of thumb are helpful; sometimes they work badly, and can shake confidence in “rules” and in the therapist's own abilities. It is the author's contention that most therapists develop private opinions about whether to follow traditional guidelines and to judge when a tried-and-true standard should or should not be applied. The paper offers a clinical vignette from the author's own early professional experience in which he refused a patient's gift. The paper concludes with concerns raised by working with patients who are HIV positive. In spite of a superficially more optimistic outlook for medical treatment, HIV positive patients still harbor deep-seated fears that they will die of the disease. Now that many HIV patients are maintaining their health quite well, therapists may be misled by their excessive hopefulness, and overlook the continuing underlying terror.

Adolescent Girls' Expression on Web Home Pages

This exploratory study examined the potential of the internet to furnish new forums for girls' self-expression. Although many scholars concur that girls benefit from access to safe spaces where they feel comfortable expressing themselves, such sites have historically been sparse. The World Wide Web (WWW) now allows those with access and expertise to construct personal home pages to present their thoughts to a geographically removed, anonymous, yet potentially global public. This qualitative study describes adolescent girls' expression on their web home pages. Three general tones captured the diversity of self-expression on girls' home pages; these tones were labelled spirited, sombre, and self-conscious. Tones were differentiated by their presentation style, content, and degree of self-disclosure. In addition to extensive description of the girls' home pages, the web's potential as a new 'safe space' for girls' self-expression is discussed.

Differences in Self-Disclosure Patterns among Americans Versus Chinese

The study investigates differences in self-disclosure, comparing patterns of Americans versus the Chinese. Two hundred American students and 144 Chinese students completed a questionnaire regarding the degree of self-disclosure on different conversational topics and to selected target persons. The results of MANOVA show that Americans disclose more than the Chinese in both categories. Sex differences are also found between the two nations.

EFFECTS OF LIKIKNG, INTERPERSONAL DISTANCE, AND TOPICS ON NONVERBAL BEHAVIORS AND SELF-DISCLOSURE

Effects of the relationship (liking) of two persons, interpersonal distance, and intimacy of topics on nonverbal behaviors and self-disclosure in the dyadic interaction (interview situation) were examined by a multichannel approach, which took account of several behaviors simultaneously.Sixty male undergraduates were interviewed by a male undergraduate.Major findings obtained were as follows:1. Effects of liking were found on the degree of self-disclosure as rated by five raters.2. Effects of interpersonal distance were found on total time and mean time of body leanfoward.3. Total time and frequency of eye contact and utterance time were greater in low intimate topics than in high intimate topics. Mean time of eye contact and total time, frequency, and mean time of smile, and latency were greater in high intimate topics than in low intimate topics.4. The smaller the interpersonal distance (the greater the “immediacy” or involvement with the partner in terms of interpersonal distance), the greater the “immediacy” defined as a composite of other behaviors. Namely, the relationship between interpersonal distance and other behaviors was reciprocal.

Evaluation of noncontent speech accommodation

Traditionally, speech variations have been attributed to social context (Ervin-Tripp 1969, Hymes 1972, Street 1979), to the rules governing interaction (Labov 1970, Giles and Smith 1979, Cronen, Pearce and Snavely 1979), or to personality factors (Natale 1975a, Giles and Powesland 1975, Jordan and Powers 1978).’ However, Giles and his coworkers (Giles et al. 1973, Giles and Powesland 1975, Simard et al. 1976, Giles 1977) argue that not all speech shifts can be attributed to these factors. Alternatively, they propose an ‘interpersonal accommodation’ theory which holds that (1) interactants have motivational reasons (e.g. approval seeking, psychological distinctiveness, communicative effectiveness) for adjusting their talk to one another, and (2) listeners perceive speech similar to their own more favorably than dissimilar speech. Some support for these claims had been offered regarding content dimensions of talk (behaviors related to ‘what’ is said, such as degree of self-disclosure, terms of address, and content detail in explanations) as well as with languge choice and accent. In addition, noncontent speech dimensions (behaviors related to ‘how’ something is said, such as speech rate, pause and utterance length, accent, etc.) allegedly come under the accommodation rubric. Yet, with the exception of language choice and accent, accommodation influences regarding these behaviors have received comparatively little attention. This applies especially to the evaluative consequences of noncontent speech variations. The purpose of this research is to (1) examine listeners’ evaluative judgements of an interviewee accommodating noncontent speech behaviors in varying degrees to the speech of an interviewer, (2) determine the extent to which these evaluations fit into the accommodation perspective, and (3) discuss implications for an accommodation theory.