Degree Of Security Research Articles

Periphery Theory and Its Application to Air Pollution Forecast

The periphery phenomena and periphery definition as well as periphery theory are introduced; The basic structure of a periphery （jieke） of system is composed of both a wall, which defends system itself, and a gate ( or passage), through which the exchange between the system and its environment is carried out. In order to describe the periphery mathematically, perimeter set are presented. On the basis two indicant functions: security degree and subsist ratio are suggested. By using air pollution and meteorological data, a case of air pollution forecast is exemplified in detail.

Negligible impact of supermarkets on food security (so far) in low-income neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana

In recent years, African policymakers have embraced supermarket development as a form of food system modernization, but the impacts of the proximity of supermarkets on low-income households in a developing African city are largely unexplored. Using a sample of 680 households in seven of Accra’s poorer neighborhoods, we examine the dimensions and level of food security, household-level determinants, and what impact, if any, the arrival of supermarkets has had on local food security. Using two internationally accepted food-security metrics, (Food Consumption Score and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale), two economic measures (income equivalence and asset ownership), and satellite imagery of supermarket locations, we find that physical proximity to supermarkets is not significantly associated with household food security in low-income areas of Accra. The majority of poor households in Accra are currently food secure, but asset ownership is a much stronger predictor of food security than income. The relatively high degree of food security in Accra is likely related to credit-based relationships that households have with local food vendors. Further, given that supermarkets can compete with these so-called “informal” vendors for access to public space, these credit-based relationships will suffer with new supermarket development. Our study highlights the need for nuanced understanding regarding the role of consumer-retailer and retailer-retailer relationship in ensuring food access for low-income households in urban Africa.

Methodological approach to quantitative assessment of the security of open operating systems AS of the Internal Affairs Bodies

Objective. The article considers the provisions of the fuzzy logic approach in relation to the method of quantifying the security of open operating systems (OS) of automated systems of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (AS of the Russian Federation), taking into account possible security threats and the requirements of the standard GOST R ISO/IEC 15408 for leveling possible consequences. Information Message № 240/24/4893 dated October 18, 2016 «On Approval of Information Security Requirements for Operating Systems» of the FSTEC of Russia defines 6 OS security classes. Operating systems corresponding to protection classes 1, 2 and 3 are used in information (automated) systems in which information containing information constituting a state secret is processed, operating systems corresponding to protection classes 4, 5 and 6 are not intended for processing such information. In the presented study, the open operating systems of the AS of the Russian Federation are understood as OS AS, in which information containing information constituting a state secret is not processed. Method. The study was conducted based on the method of analyzing possible security threats to open operating systems, as well as the requirements of GOST R ISO/IEC 15408 standard, using the provisions of fuzzy logic. Result. The result of the automated system for calculating the security index of the analyzed open OS is one of the specified criteria for the degree of security of the OS, based on the provisions of fuzzy logic. Conclusion. The authors propose a method for assessing the security of open OS of the AS of the Russian Federation, based on the provisions of fuzzy logic.

Secure Degrees of Freedom of RIS-Assisted MIMO Broadcast Channel With Confidential Messages

Secure Degrees of Freedom of RIS-Assisted MIMO Broadcast Channel With Confidential Messages

Efficiency gains from the implementation of Research IDs for data linkage: A case study from Population Data BC and the Data Innovation Program in British Columbia, Canada

Objective and ApproachPopulation Data BC (PopData) transitioned to Research IDs from Study IDs for the Data Innovation (DI) Program, with the objective of improving efficiency of data preparation, linkage, and provisioning while maintaining privacy standards. Study IDs are person-specific encrypted identifiers unique to each study, preventing Researchers from combining records from different projects, in turn reducing risk of re-identification. Research IDs are also person-specific encrypted identifiers, except they are not project specific. Advancements in technology and changes in data provisioning models have reduced utility of Study IDs. ResultsImplementing Research IDs instead of Study IDs decreased: processing, setup/review, per transfer effort, errors/omissions, storage requirements, staff training/knowledge, licenses, record keeping, specialized knowledge, and per project data tracking. There was a marginally higher risk of re-identification with Research IDs, counter-acted by a higher degree of technological security and stronger procedural and ethical frameworks, resulting in the ability to provide more data to more users. ConclusionsAdopting Research IDs has allowed PopData and the DI Program to access established data resources faster, more efficiently, with less per project person effort and reduced storage requirements without a net risk change. The benefits of adopting Research IDs, counter a potential minimal risk gain arising from replacement of Study IDs with Research IDs. ImplicationsEfficiency gains from the use of Research IDs allows PopData and the DI Program to redistribute operational and staff resources, in turn increasing their ability to scale, to provide data in more diverse formats and improve service provision.

A Harmony-Based Approach for the Evaluation and Regulation of Water Security in the Yellow River Water-Receiving Area of Henan Province

Water security, as a crucial component of national security, plays a significant role in maintaining regional stability and ensuring the healthy and rapid development of the economy and society. The Yellow River water-receiving area of Henan Province (YRWAR-HN) is selected as the research area in this study. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed based on the actual water security problems of the research area, and the single index quantification–multiple indices syntheses–poly-criteria integration method (SMI-P) is introduced to quantify the water security degree of 14 cities in the YRWAR-HN from 2010 to 2021. Then, the obstacle degree model is used to identify the key obstacle indexes that restrict the improvement of water security. Finally, the harmonious behavior set optimization method is adopted to carry out the regulation of water security, and the improvement path of water security in the YRWAR-HN is formulated. The results indicate the following: (1) the water security degree of the YRWAR-HN shows a fluctuating upward trend, increasing from 0.4348 (2010) to 0.6766 (2021), a significant rise of 55.61%. The water security level improves from the relatively unsafe level to the relatively safe level. Hebi City exhibits the fastest rate of water security improvement, while Xinxiang City shows the slowest rate. (2) The density of the river network (X1) and the proportion of investment in water conservancy and environmental protection in the total investment (X15) are the two indexes with the highest obstacle degree, with the average obstacle degrees being 15.09% and 10.79%, respectively. (3) The combination of the composite regulation scenario and improvement Path 2 is the optimal regulation strategy for water security in the YRWAR-HN. From the implementation process, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan, Xuchang, and Shangqiu may prioritize improving their flood and drought disaster defense capabilities and emergency response capabilities, continuously enhancing the flood prevention and disaster reduction system. Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Anyang, Hebi, Pingdingshan, and Zhoukou may prioritize resolving the regional water supply and demand conflicts, balancing development and conservation, actively seeking transboundary and external water transfers, and strengthening the capacity for water conservation and intensive utilization. Puyang City may prioritize enhancing its comprehensive water environment management capabilities, increasing investment in water conservancy and the environment, improving production processes, reducing pollutant emissions, and mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.

Advancing IoT security with flame: A hybrid approach combining fuzzy logic and artificial lizard search optimization

The increasing usage of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created a need for secure and efficient solutions to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. However, the complicated and massive structure of IoT systems poses various security risks and challenges, especially in dynamic scenarios with high signaling overhead caused by subscriber mobility. So, in this paper, a Fuzzy-based Lightweight Authentication and Management of Encryption approach called ‘FLAME’ is proposed to solve the decentralized lightweight group key management problem by measuring the degree of security using fuzzy logic (FL) based on various factors like device and user behavior, network conditions, and resource availability. For effective key-based authentication, adopted an Artificial Lizard Search Optimization (ALSO) based RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) algorithm that generates private and public keys based on security evaluation outcome. The publishers and subscribers obtain encryption keys from the group key manager based on their security level, and dissemination is optimized by the ALSO algorithm. By leveraging the FL and ALSO based RSA algorithm, the system offers secure communication with limited utilization and protects confidential data in IoT environments. According to the analysis, results signify that the FLAME approach has a faster key generation, dissemination, and revocation time compared to existing approaches, along with reduced overhead during key management operations, and increased attack detection capacity of 98.7 %.

Is it OK if I cheat? Implementation of, and student response to, iterative change in an undergraduate medical degree high stakes OSCE due to issues of academic integrity

Purpose of article This paper explores issues pertinent to teaching and assessment of clinical skills at the early stages of medical training, aimed at preventing academic integrity breaches. The drivers for change, the changes themselves, and student perceptions of those changes are described. Methods Iterative changes to a summative high stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) assessment in an undergraduate medical degree were undertaken in response to perceived/known breaches of assessment security. Initial strategies focused on implementing best practice teaching and assessment design principles, in association with increased examination security. Results These changes failed to prevent alleged sharing of examination content between students. A subsequent iteration saw a more radical deviation from classic OSCE assessment design, with students being assessed on equivalent competencies, not identical items (OSCE stations). This more recent approach was broadly acceptable to students, and did not result in breaches of academic integrity that were detectable. Conclusions Ever increasing degrees of assessment security need not be the response to breaches of academic integrity. Use of non-identical OSCE items across a cohort, underpinned by constructive alignment of teaching and assessment may mitigate the incentives to breach academic integrity, though face validity is not universal.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ LINUX-СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ КИБЕРУГРОЗ И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДАН-НЫХ РОССИЙСКИХ КОМПАНИЙ

This article discusses how using Linux systems can help companies save money on protecting against cyber threats and improving data security. The article provides arguments in favor of using Linux systems, such as a high degree of security, resistance to viruses and other malware, as well as the possibility of using open source code to create your own data protection solutions. In addition, the article discusses examples of successful use of Linux systems in various industries and companies

Research on Variable Parameter Color Image Encryption Based on Five-Dimensional Tri-Valued Memristor Chaotic System.

To construct a chaotic system with complex characteristics and to improve the security of image data, a five-dimensional tri-valued memristor chaotic system with high complexity is innovatively constructed. Firstly, a pressure-controlled tri-valued memristor on Liu's pseudo-four-wing chaotic system is introduced. Through analytical methods, such as Lyapunov exponential map, bifurcation map and attractor phase diagram, it is demonstrated that the new system has rich dynamical behaviors with periodic limit rings varying with the coupling parameter of the system, variable airfoil phenomenon as well as transient chaotic phenomenon of chaos-periodic depending on the system parameter and chaos-quasi-periodic depending on the memristor parameter. The system is simulated with dynamic circuits based on Simulink. Secondly, the differently structured synchronous controls of chaotic systems are realized using a nonlinear feedback control method. Finally, based on the newly constructed five-dimensional chaotic system, a variable parameter color image encryption scheme is proposed to iteratively generate varying chaotic pseudo-random sequences by varying the system parameters, which will be used for repetition-free disambiguation, additive modulo left-shift diffusion and DNA encryption for the three components of RGB of the color image after chunking. The simulation results are analyzed by histogram, information entropy, adjacent pixel correlation, etc., and the images are tested using differential attack, noise attack and geometric attack, as well as analyzing the PSNR and SSIM of the decrypted image quality. The results show that the encryption method has a certain degree of security and can be applied to medical, military and financial fields with more complex environmental requirements.

AI‐generated video steganography based on semantic segmentation

AbstractTraditional video steganography methods primarily rely on modifying concealed spaces for embedding, thereby exhibiting a certain degree of security and embedding capacity. Nevertheless, these methods do not fully capitalize on the rich semantic information inherent in videos, limiting their overall effectiveness. In this paper, an AI‐generated video steganography scheme based on semantic segmentation is proposed. The mapping relationship between secret and semantic information is established by using a semantic segmentation model. The secret information can be converted into semantic labels by semantic histograms or pixels means, and semantic labels containing secret information are obtained and input into the video‐to‐video model to drive the generation of stego videos. After receiving the stego video, the receiver extracts the secret information using a pre‐defined specific embedding mode, including the methods of sub‐block partitioning and embedding capacity per frame. The experimental results show that the stego video has good visual quality, security, and robustness against various noise attacks.

Research on Coupling Coordination of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency and Food Security in Hebei Province, China

The delineation and measurement of carbon emissions in agricultural production systems constitute a complex issue involving multiple factors. Previous research in this area has been limited in terms of comprehensive carbon emission assessment throughout the agricultural production process and systematic measurement. This study focuses on both dynamic and static aspects, systematically analyzing the agricultural carbon emissions and emission efficiency in Hebei Province from 2000 to 2020. It comprehensively explores the influencing factors of carbon emissions and delves into the relationship between agricultural carbon emission efficiency and food security. The experimental results revealed the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the agricultural carbon emissions in Hebei Province exhibited a fluctuating downward trend, with a spatial distribution pattern where they were high in the south and low in the north. And the carbon emissions caused by chemical fertilizers and plowed land accounted for 42.6% of the total. (2) The efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in the static dimension fluctuated at a rate of 0.0265, whereas the ML index fluctuated less in the dynamic dimension, and the agricultural industrial structure had the most significant impact. (3) The coupling coordination degree of food security and agricultural carbon emission efficiency increases with time, and “coordination” gradually dominates in spatial change. The conclusions of this study are of great significance in stabilizing grain production and achieving low-carbon production in the Hebei Province.

Study of Chaotic-based Audio Encryption Algorithms: A Review

Nowadays, multimedia communication has become very widespread and this requires it to be protected from attackers and transmitted securely for reliability. Encryption and decryption techniques are useful in providing effective security for speech signals to ensure that these signals are transmitted with secure data and prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Due to the rapid improvement in digital communications over the recent period up to the present, the security of voice data transmitted over various networks has been classified as a favored field of study in earlier years. The contributions to audio encryption are discussed in this review. This Comprehensive review mainly focuses on presenting several kinds of methods for audio encryption and decryption the analysis of these methods with their advantages and disadvantages have been investigated thoroughly. It will be classified into encryption based on traditional methods and encryption based on advanced chaotic systems. They are divided into two types, continuous-time system, and discrete-time system, and also classified based on the synchronization method and the implementation method. In the fields of information and communications security, system designers face many challenges in both cost, performance, and architecture design, Field Programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide an excellent balance between computational power and processing flexibility. In addition, encryption methods will be classified based on Chaos-based Pseudo Random Bit Generator, Fractional-order systems, and hybrid chaotic generator systems, which is an advantageous point for this review compared with previous ones. Audio algorithms are presented, discussed, and compared, highlighting important advantages and disadvantages. Audio signals have a large volume and a strong correlation between data samples. Therefore, if traditional cryptography systems are used to encrypt such huge data, they gain significant overhead. Standard symmetric encryption systems also have a small key-space, which makes them vulnerable to attacks. On the other hand, encryption by asymmetric algorithms is not ideal due to low processing speed and complexity. Therefore, great importance has been given to using chaotic theory to encode audio files. Therefore, when proposing an appropriate encryption method to ensure a high degree of security, the key space, which is the critical part of every encryption system, and the key sensitivity must be taken into account. The key sensitivity is related to the initial values and control variables of the chaotic system chosen as the audio encryption algorithm. In addition, the proposed algorithm should eliminate the problems of periodic windows, such as limited chaotic range and non-uniform distribution, and the quality of the recovered audio signal remains good, which confirms the convenience, reliability, and high security.

How can firms implement smart manufacturing through supply chain collaboration? A multiple-case study from China

The complex system characteristics of Smart manufacturing (SM) require firms collaborating with supply chain members to implement SM transformation. However, the motives, methods, and influencing factors of such collaboration remain unclear. Addressing this gap, we conduct a multi-case study of four manufacturing firms and obtain three findings based on complex adaptive system theory. First, the motives of supply chain collaboration include the adaptation to the environment of high customisation, technical complexity, policy, and horizontal competition. Second, firms collaborate with supply chain members in terms of equipment customisation and information interconnection, to establish the data and equipment foundation of SM. This process is affected by the scale and volume of invested resources. Based on these, firms further build collaborative platforms to realise the integrated management of all supply chain links and improve the SM capability through the iteration of solutions, which are affected by the degree of security in data sharing. Third, supply chain collaboration improves the quality and satisfaction, reduces the cost, and shortens the cycle of SM implementation. This study not only addresses whether and how supply chain collaboration influences SM implementation, but also provides guidance to help companies implement SM through a gradual multi-stage collaboration in supply chain.

Verifying Hierarchic Multipartite and Network Nonlocalities with a Unified Method

AbstractThe multipartite nonlocality provides deep insights into the fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and guarantees different degrees of cryptography security for potential applications in the quantum internet. Verifying multipartite nonlocal correlations is a difficult task. A unified approach is proposed that encompasses all the quantum characteristics of the multipartite correlated system beyond from fully separable to biseparable no‐signaling correlations. A straightforward method is offered to verify general systems by lifting partial nonlocal correlations. This allows to construct a chained Bell inequality, facilitating the unified verification of hierarchic multipartite nonlocalities. The lifting method is finally applied to verify the correlations derived from quantum networks.

Secure Your Network: Building a Hybrid Intrusion Detection System in Java

Abstract: To protect the system from different types of intrusions, an intrusion detection system ID is required. It is essential to analyse the communication in order to classify the material as malicious or helpful. The usage of intrusion detection systems for cyber security shouldn't add to the processing time required for classification. These days, classification algorithms are utilized in conjunction with machine learning approaches to identify harmful data or intrusions. KDD cup 99 is the data set that was used in the experiment. Hybrid classification models can be used to adjust the performance of individual classification methods. This model blends rule-based algorithms with categorization techniques. An additional degree of security is provided by the combination of machine and human intelligence in classification. Precision, recall, F-Measure, and Mean Age Precision are used to validate an algorithm. The algorithm has a 92.35 percent accuracy rate. Even after merging our human-written criteria with traditional machine learning classification techniques, the model's accuracy is still considered satisfactory. However, there is still room for improvement and a more specific classification of the attack

A Novel Secure and Robust Encryption Scheme for Medical Videos, Images and Reports

The use of medical imaging in telemedicine insurance and other applications has grown significantly in recent years. imaging techniques used in medicine, such as ultrasound, X-rays, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). plays a crucial part in the diagnosis of numerous illnesses. The internet has quickly advanced in terms of sharing and transferring large volumes of data. Medical image transmission can be impacted by a variety of attacks and medical image kinds. putting forth a medical data security strategy and outlining the various obstacles that it faces. This strategy attains a high degree of security and withstands many attacks over an extended period of time. A thorough analysis of security methods, including steganography, encryption, and compression, is presented along with a comprehensive assessment of current studies. Ensuring the security of medical images during transmission is crucial in safeguarding patient privacy. Steganography and cryptography are needed for secure transmission in order to maintain data integrity and confidentiality. An application to embed a video or audio content in another file is the project's development. Its focus is on securely and robustly embedding information under a seemingly innocent shroud. This system uses the ideas of cryptography and steganography to make the data more secure. Using an encryption technique that is resilient to various attacks over time is essential for improving the cryptography portion of the system. The paper's goal is to provide an overview and evaluation of each approach's various algorithms using several metrics, including PSNR, MSE, BER, and NC.

Control Flow Integrity: Embedded System Code Reuse Defence

Hardware-based program Control Flow Integrity (CFI) components, centering on the state-of- the-art usage innovations. Control Stream Keenness may be a significant security degree pointed at moderating control- flow capturing assaults, such as Return Oriented Programming (ROP) and Jump Oriented Programming (JOP). Whereas software-based CFI arrangements have been compelling to a few degree, their restrictions have impelled the improvement of hardware-based approaches for improved security. This survey analyzes unmistakable innovations in this space, counting Intel CET (Control-flow Requirement Innovation), ARM Pointer Verification, AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Settled Paging), and RISC-V CFI Expansions. Each technology's highlights, usage strategies, and contributions to fortifying cyber security are analyzed to supply bits of knowledge into the current scene of hardware-based computer program CFI. By leveraging hardware-level protections, these progressions offer strong security against advanced control-flow capturing assaults, subsequently reinforcing the security pose of computing frameworks. As cyber dangers proceed to advance, the require for vigorous security components to ensure against control-flow capturing assaults gets to be progressively basic. This audit digs into the state-of-the-art execution innovations for hardware-based computer program Control Stream Astuteness

The epidemiology and associated factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding: a comparative cross-sectional study of livelihood-secure and insecure areas.

Regardless of national commitment, non-exclusive breastfeeding (NEBF) is a public health problem that worsens over time. It can be associated with sociodemographic, economic, and environmental factors and may vary depending on livelihood security. Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of NEBF and identify its associated factors by considering two areas with varied degrees of livelihood security. This study represented a comparative cross-sectional survey of 1,060 under 6 months (u6m) infant-mother pairs. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were evaluated using STATA version 17 packages. A binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of NEBF. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the significance of the association at a p-value of <0.05. The pooled magnitude of 51% of NEBF mothers (95% CI: 48.0, 54.0) was 53.1% (95% CI: 49.2, 57.0) and 48.1% (95% CI: 43.4, 52.8) in livelihood-secure and livelihood-insecure areas, respectively. The lack of recollecting the infant's birth date by mothers (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.15-4.40) had the highest odds of NEBF while household heads with tertiary education (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.01-0.54) and the poorest households (AOR = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.20-0.82) had the lowest odds of NEBF in livelihood-secure areas but not in livelihood-insecure areas. Moreover, mothers with male infants (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.18-2.92) had high odds of NEBF in livelihood-insecure areas but not in livelihood-secure areas. Infants of 2 to less than 4-month-old (AOR = 8.5; 95% CI = 3.47-18.63) and 4 to less than 6-month-old (AOR = 22.2; 95% CI = 8.02-51.97) in livelihood-secure areas and infants of 2 to less than 4-month-old (AOR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.29-11.67) and 4 to less than 6-month-old (AOR = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.44-22.39) in livelihood-insecure areas had high odds of NEBF. Over half of the mothers were practicing NEBF, which represents a failure to meet national and international targets. Area vulnerability to livelihood security modifies factors of NEBF. Male infants in insecure areas, infants of unknown age in secure areas, and infants aged 2 months or older, regardless of setting, were more vulnerable to NEBF. However, households with the lowest wealth and higher household head educational status in livelihood-secure areas were less vulnerable to NEBF. Hence, livelihood-based interventions targeting mothers of 2 to less than 6-month-old infants, with emphasis on these factors, may help address and reduce NEBF.

Multi-Device Security Application for Unmanned Surface and Aerial Systems

The use of autonomous and unmanned systems continues to increase, with uses spanning from package delivery to simple automation of tasks and from factory usage to defense industries and agricultural applications. With the proliferation of unmanned systems comes the question of how to secure the command-and-control communication links among such devices and their operators. In this work, we look at the use of the Messaging Layer Security (MLS) protocol, designed to support long-lived continuous sessions and group communication with a high degree of security. We build out MAUI—an MLS API for UxS Integration that provides an interface for the secure exchange of data between a ScanEagle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in a multi-domain ad-hoc network configuration, and experiment on system limits such as the ciphersuite set-up time and message handling rates. The experiments in this work were conducted in virtual and physical environments between the UAV, USV, and a controller device (all of different platforms). Our results demonstrate the viability of capitalizing on MLS’s capabilities to securely and efficiently transmit data for distributed communication among various unmanned system platforms.