The study aimed basically at achieving the following objectives: developing aquantitative, valid and reliable scale of social capital, identifying the relativeimportance of sub- dimensions used in measuring the social capital degree,describing the social capital levels in three patterns of different developmentallevels of rural communities in Fayoum district, Fayoum governorate, identifyingdifferences in the social capital levels among the three studied types of ruralcommunities, and finally identifying variables affecting the degree ofrespondents social capital.The study was conducted on three patterns of different developmental levelsof villages in Fayoum district, Fayoum governorate. These villages were: Demo,Monshaet Sakran and Manashy El- Khateeb. A systematic random sample of 243farmers (representing 10% of total numbers of farmers in the studied villages)were selected to conduct the study. Data were collected through an interviewswith respondent farmers using a questionnaire. The statistical analysis tools usedin the study were: Spearman Brown, Guttman and Cronback methods to estimatethe reliability coefficient of the social capital scale. The construct validitymethod was utilized to estimate the validity degree of the proposed scale.Frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and range werealso used to present and describe data. One way analysis of variance and leastsignificant difference test were utilized in determining the defferences among thethree studied villages according to the respondents’ social capital levels. Pearsoncorrelation coefficient, chi square test and Cramer coefficient were used toidentify the relationships between the respondents’ social capital levels and thestudied variables. Finally, the study used stepwise multiple regression analysis toidentify the relative importance of sub- dimensions used in measuring the socialcapital degree and also to identify the most important variables affecting therespondents’ social capital levels.