Degree Of Mutual Influence Research Articles

Resource Dependence and Strategies of a Scholarly Journal’s Two-Sided Platform

The article presents the results of a study aimed at developing and testing a method for stakeholder mapping using the case of industrial parks of the Ural region. As part of the research, the author proves the need to use the tools of the stakeholder approach for effective management of industrial parks as specific multi-unit management objects. The proposed methodology is based on identification of the parameters of mutual influence of an industrial park’s participants in the resource and normative context. The information base of the study is the data on 227 industrial parks located in the territory of the Russian Federation. By means of initial analysis, we select the projects that meet the requirements of the analysis. On the basis of expert assessment, we identify 146 industrial parks and determine their performance efficiency according to current indicators. The author’s method allows revealing the central categories of stakeholders (dominating, neutral and dependent) with respect to residents of industrial parks, the management company and public authorities represented by development institutions. Within the scope of the present study, we develop maps of mutual influence of industrial parks’ primary stakeholders in the Ural region that show a dominating impact of public authorities, such as development institutions, on other participants of industrial parks. The obtained results help to evaluate the degree of mutual influence of industrial parks’ stakeholders and can serve as the basis for development strategies mapped out by these structures.

Mapping of Stakeholders of Industrial Parks in the Ural Region

The article presents the results of a study aimed at developing and testing a method for stakeholder mapping using the case of industrial parks of the Ural region. As part of the research, the author proves the need to use the tools of the stakeholder approach for effective management of industrial parks as specific multi-unit management objects. The proposed methodology is based on identification of the parameters of mutual influence of an industrial park’s participants in the resource and normative context. The information base of the study is the data on 227 industrial parks located in the territory of the Russian Federation. By means of initial analysis, we select the projects that meet the requirements of the analysis. On the basis of expert assessment, we identify 146 industrial parks and determine their performance efficiency according to current indicators. The author’s method allows revealing the central categories of stakeholders (dominating, neutral and dependent) with respect to residents of industrial parks, the management company and public authorities represented by development institutions. Within the scope of the present study, we develop maps of mutual influence of industrial parks’ primary stakeholders in the Ural region that show a dominating impact of public authorities, such as development institutions, on other participants of industrial parks. The obtained results help to evaluate the degree of mutual influence of industrial parks’ stakeholders and can serve as the basis for development strategies mapped out by these structures.

Роль Госу дарс твенного комитета обороны (ГКО ) в госу дарс твенном управлении танковой промышленностью СССР и Урала В 1941—1945 гг.

The article reveals the mechanism of action of the State Defense Committee, as the highest organ of emergency power, the control process of the tank industry in the period of the Great Patriotic War. It is shown that the degree of mutual influence of GKO members and senior executives NKTP (People’s Commissariat of the Tank Industry) in the course of decision-making. The paper shows a mechanism of interaction with the State party and industrial elite, in order to harmonize public policy for the management of the tank industry of the USSR and the Urals in 1941-1945; is the author’s periodization of the development of administrative structures of GKO; It shows the impact of formal and bureaucratic mechanisms and practices of informal communication in the form of administrative decisions. As part of the modernization theory provides an assessment of the efficiency and innovation study governance practices in the extreme conditions of war

The Leader–Follower Relationship and Follower Performance

IntroductionSuccess today's globally competitive environment prompts organizations to maximize employee performance. This becomes a shared responsibility between leadership and management, as well as human resource management (HRM) whose primary responsibility is performance management: the identification, measurement, and development of human performance organizations. Organizations expend time, energy, and money on performance management initiatives for the purpose of influencing employee behavior for the benefit of the organization. From a performance management perspective, managers provide feedback and coaching to workers and offer recommendations for improving individual performance, which often includes identifying key behaviors to incorporate or avoid, and competencies to further develop.Statement and significance of the problemIf employees are a source of competitive advantage for organizations, their effective management may be a key differentiator for organizational success. This advantage is contingent upon the level of employee performance, which may be influenced by multiple factors. Determining which factors contribute to improving employee outcomes may allow organizations to institute practices that stimulate employee results. Research suggests one potential source of influence to employee performance is the quality of the Leader-Follower relationship. Despite research that suggests the quality of the dyadic relations correlates to individual performance (Bauer, Erdogan, Liden, and Wayne, 2006), performance management initiatives typically target the individual and not the Leader-Follower dyad. While this common approach may align to the overall purpose of performance management, it may not sufficiently stimulate individual performance to subsequently impact organizational performance. For organizations operating a highly competitive global environment, this could prove to be a point of distinction between competitors.Exchange theories of leadershipThe quid pro quo concept of exchange has been broadly captured by the exchange theories which remain grounded interaction theory but promulgate the concept of mutual and reciprocal exchange of something of value. With Path-goal, employees exchange effectiveness and productivity order to attain personal goals. Social exchange theory implies an obligation between parties, specifically expectations between the leader and his or her team. Though inter- or intragroup interaction dominated the focus of early research, a more deliberate focus on dyadic relationships eventually evolved. Vertical-dyad linkage (VDL) theory suggests leaders develop differentiated relationships with their followers resulting in group and out group status (Dansereau, Graen, and Haga, 1975). The development of these relationships is not arbitrary; rather, it is based on the degree of mutual influence or exchange. Graen and several ofhis colleagues extended the VDL theory into leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, a common lens through which the Leader-Follower relationship is currently explored (Bauer et al., 2006; Dunegan, Duchon, and Uhl-Bien, 1992; Gerstner and Day 1997; Scandura and Graen, 1984). LMX theory asserts that when leaders and followers develop mature relationships, both parties benefit. Unlike prior theories, LMX is concerned with the dyadic relationship between the leader and follower and assumes that leaders form differentiated relationships with each of the followers. LMX is more prescriptive than descriptive which suggests one benefit to the leader is greater leadership effectiveness (Graen and Uhl-Bien, 1995). LMX theory has enjoyed greater operationalization than the earlier theories, generating a number of measurement instruments specifically designed to measure the Leader-Follower relationship. As a result, much of the research included this systematic review is based upon research that relies on LMX theory.Purpose of studyThe purpose of this study is to assess the influence of dyadic relationship quality (DRQ) on individual worker performance and to determine how other variables contribute to this relationship. …

Which parameters influence the quantitative determination of halogenated substances? A summary of systematic investigations

In recent years, we have intensively studied the ion chemistry of halogenated substances in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). During atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) processes, dissociative electron transfer reactions between reactant ions and halogenated molecules occur and (H2O)nX− product ions are formed, which appear as distinct product ion peak in negative ion mobility spectra. These product ion peaks (obtained for different compounds) were used for comparing differences in detectability, sensitivity, peak position and resolution. We identified that structural features clearly affect detection capability in IMS, which can be attributed to the different bonding states of halogens within the molecule. Then we subsequently established that the resulting different bond strengths also determine the degree of mutual influence when various halogenated substances are simultaneously investigated. Regarding the experimental conditions, we observed that increasing humidity generally leads to a decrease in the relative abundance of product ions. However, the effect of humidity strongly depends on the way in which the water vapor is transported into the ion mobility spectrometer (carrier or drift gas). In contrast to the results achieved which were affected by increased humidity, elevating IMS cell temperatures resulted in more accurate detection of all substances investigated.

To Make Good Decision: A Group DSS for Multiple Criteria Alternative Rank and Selection

Decision making is a recursive process and usually involves multiple decision criteria. However, such multiple criteria decision making may have a problem in which partial decision criteria may conflict with each other. An information technology, such asthe decision support system(DSS) and group DSS (GDSS), emerges to assist decision maker for decision-making process. Both the DSS and GDSS should integrate with a symmetrical approach to assist decision maker to take all decision criteria into consideration simultaneously. This study proposes a GDSS architecture named hybrid decision-making support model (HDMSM) and integrated four decision approaches (Delphi, DEMATEL, ANP, and MDS) to help decision maker to rank and select appropriate alternatives. The HDMSM consists of five steps, namely, criteria identification, criteria correlation calculation, criteria evaluation, critical criteria selection, and alternative rank and comparison. Finally, to validate the proposed feasibility of the proposed model, this study also conducts a case study to find out the important indexes of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from multiple perspectives. As the case study demonstrates the proposed HDMSM enables a group of decision makers to implement the MCDM effectively and help them to analyze the relation and degree of mutual influence among different evaluation factors.

Миграционные процессы в тропической Африке

The peculiarities of migration flows in Sub-Saharan Africa, the appearance of conflicts and the process of their arrangement are described in the article. The author examines the main migration trends, reasons, directions, specific features of migration in this region, attempts to show the intercommunication between migration and conflict on the example of the region and determines the degree of mutual influence. The author focuses on the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa is a complex structural system consisting of politically independent elements that frequently interact according to the orderly process. The elements of the system such as states, IGOs, NGOs and politicians cooperate with each other in public relations, create its structure and strengthen the system’s integrity.

Push-pull factors of E-Learning in the hotel industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt the Multi-Theme Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory to explore the push and pull factors for the usage of E-learning. Design/methodology/approach – The framework was developed from a review and synthesis of the literature. More specifically, gaps in the literature were identified and a push/pull factor for E-learning in hotel industry was investigated. Findings – This paper clarify the pull or push factors with the help of research conclusions and have a more direct and effective influence on the usage of E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. Research limitations/implications – This study can serve as a foundation for future research in E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. More specifically, expects to distinguish whether or not it is the push factor or the pull factor that has a more direct and effective influence on the utilization, which is an important contribution. Practical implications – The study evaluate pull or push factors affect learners and what is the degree of mutual influence regarding the interaction between each pull or push factor. Considerations and guidelines for hotel industry to improve E-learning applications are provided. Originality/value – To clarify the pull or push factors with the help of research conclusions and have a more direct and effective influence on the usage of E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. Meanwhile, verify the process of E-learning whether or not self-regulated learning (SRL) will affect learners or how SRL affects learners.

Examining the Volatility Degree of Mutual Influence among Different Variables: Thermal Power Plants

Energy consumption by industrial sectors has possessed a large proportion of total energy use in many countries especially China. For the purposes of energy conservation, the government of China has implemented long-term policies to continuously assist thermal power industries in improving the energy efficiency. This paper investigates the short- and long-term causal relationship implied by the standard coal consumption per unit product of power (SCC), the rate of electricity consumption of power plant (EC), the total water consumption per unit product of power generation (WC) and the total oil consumption per year (OC). The result indicates that there is mutual influence among variables. The SCC is significantly correlated with the EC, a large amount of EC may impact SCC heavily. The OC is proved to be a new driving factor, and it has long-run equilibrium relationship with other three variables.

Study on the Full State Function of Structural Parameters for Materials

The structural problem of materials, belonging to the field of material mechanics, is one of the most challenging problems for geotechnical materials. The theory of full state function for materials is a feasible method to describe the structural property of materials. Based on the analysis of structural parameters and its number in the geometric - mechanical material model, the concept of full state function for materials was introduced in this study. The full state function of structural parameters for the materials was obtained. It was found that, in the specific material analysis model, the number of the structural parameters of materials was known. The physical meaning of the corresponding material parameters was essentially the reflection of the degree of mutual influence among the directions of the structure of the material. The number of independent structural parameters represented the number of combinations which could produce influence independently among the direction of structured materials. The magnitude of the structural parameter reflected the degree of mutual influence among the structured directions. It could also be thought that the inconsistency of geometric - mechanical properties along the direction of the structured materials was reflected by the number of structural parameters, while the inconsistency degree was reflected by the magnitude of the structural parameters.

Analytical model of interaction between contention-based and deterministic channel access mechanisms in Wi-Fi Mesh networks

A new analytical model was developed to estimate the degree of mutual influence of the links between the stations of Wi-Fi Mesh networks which use different channel access methods specified by the IEEE 802.11s standard, namely, contention-based channel access mechanism and the deterministic channel access mechanism based on the preliminary reservation of channel resources. The model was used to compare the efficiency of different backoff counting methods proposed in the paper for providing the interaction between two channel access methods. Additionally, the model was also used to analyze the effect of different techniques for arranging the time intervals reserved by means of the deterministic channel access mechanism on the performance of stations using contention-based channel access mechanism.

Living with global climate diversity—suggestions on international governance for coping with climate change risk

Climatic conditions have important influences on human life and the sustainable development of economies and societies. Climate varies in space and time. People have always lived with climate diversity, and the two influence each other. The degree of mutual influence differs at different spatial and temporal scales. Since the industrial revolution, the human effect on climate has gradually increased, and expanded from local to global scale. To allow people to live in harmony with nature and prevent disaster risks, the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) announced the implementation of a scientific plan aimed at discussing risk governance, especially with respect to large-scale disaster risks, under global environmental change conditions (IHDP—Integrated Risk Governance Project, 2009–2019). As the initiator of this scientific plan, the authors propose a strategic development framework for living with global climate diversity considering a series of large-scale disasters in China and around the world in recent years and relevant experiences and lessons, and offer suggestions for the global mechanism of dealing with climate change risks.

Governing for innovation in horizontal service cooperations

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide insights into the role of governance mechanisms in fostering innovativeness in horizontal service cooperations.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 225 horizontal service cooperations in the logistics industry via an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the empirical data.FindingsThe choice of governance measures helps to improve the innovativeness of service cooperations. The use of formalization and balanced mutual influence, combined with cultural similarity provides the basis for the development of new or enhanced services within the cooperation. In contexts that build on equity‐based contracts, innovativeness is driven by the degree of mutual influence among partners.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical data were collected in a single industry (logistics) and in a single country (Germany). A confirmation of the results in different service settings is therefore encouraged.Practical implicationsThis research emphasizes the importance of governance in facilitating innovation in service cooperations. By applying the right governance mechanisms in possible settings of co‐opetition, managers can foster coordination and the exchange of knowledge and diminish opportunistic behavior among parties.Originality/valueThe research is extended by developing a model based on the knowledge of service innovation, cooperation performance and governance mechanisms and by empirically testing this model.

Efficient combinatorial filtering for desired molecular properties of reaction products

Two combinatorial filtering methods for efficiently selecting reaction products with desired properties are presented. The first, “direct reactants” method is applicable only to those molecular properties that are strictly additive or approximately additive, with relatively small interference between neighboring fragments. This method uses only the molecular properties of reactants. The second, “basis products” method can be used to filter not only the strictly additive properties but also the approximately additive molecular properties where a certain degree of mutual influence occurs between neighboring fragments. This method requires the molecular properties of the “basis products,” which are the products formed by combining all the reactants for a given reaction component with the simplest set of complementary reactant partners. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the reactants and the “basis products.” The latter is a product representation of the former. High efficiency of both methods is enhanced further by a tree-sorting and hierarchical selection algorithm, which is performed on the reaction components in a limited space determined systematically from the filtering criteria. The methods are illustrated with product logPs, van der Waals volumes, solvent accessible surface areas, and other product properties. Good results are obtained when filtering for a number of important molecular properties in a virtual library of 1.5 billion.

The Dynamics of the Substructures and the Bulk Flow of the Local Group

The S-tree method is used to reveal the substructures of the Local Group, namely the membership of each individual galaxy in the Milky Way and M31 subgroups; the method is determining the degree of mutual influence of the galaxies. Once the main physical subgroups of the Local Group are defined, we use a general method of reconstruction of their bulk flow using the radial velocity distribution of the member galaxies. The results particularly indicate the essential mutual bulk flow of the Milky Way and M31 subgroups which does not simply coincide with the radial approaching velocity (blueshift) of M31. Finally, having obtained the 3D velocity vectors of both the subgroups, we determine the 3D bulk flow of the Local Group itself, which in the Cosmic Microwave Background rest frame is equal to VLG→CMB = 668 kms−1 towards l = 265 and b = 42.

Reynolds number in restricted movement of mineral grains

The authors determine the conditions of similarity for restricted motion of grains in a stream at constant velocity which are common with the conditions for free motion governed by the similarity rule of Reynolds. In the Reynolds number for restricted conditions, the characteristic parameter should be a linear quantity characterizing the thickness of the layer of liquid diverted by the body. In this case the relation between the coefficient of resistance ψre and the Reynolds number Re l for restricted conditions takes the form of straight-line graphs passing through points on the Rayleigh curve corresponding to ψ0 and Re0 for free motion of the grains. These relations permit us to take detailed account of the variation in the degree of mutual influence between the grains in relation to their hydraulic dimensions. The expression for restricted motion of grains, based on the relation ψre =f(Re l ), embraces the whole possible range of degrees of dilution of the grains and can be used in practical calculations.

Interaction in two-variable control systems for distillation columns—I: Theory

In general, multivariable control systems are too complex for even a qualitative description of their behaviour. However, for linear two-variable control systems with two control loops, the situation is more favourable. In this article, the influence of one loop on the other is deduced from a polar diagram. The interaction quotient of the process κ= (G 12 G 21) (G 11 G 22) in which the G's represent response functions of the process is used as a convenient measure for the degree of mutual influence. This study is focussed on control systems for continuous distillation columns and gives the theoretical background. The application to distillation columns will be treated in Part II.

Some Comments on Population Potential

J. Stewart formed a conception of “population potential” by the analogy of Newton's law of universal gravitation. His theory which is formulated as p1p2/d is that the degree of mutual influence between two units of population is in inverse proportion to the distance between them. It is also proved in the U.S. that his idea is effective as to the analysis of other social phenomena.The present essay, in connection with J. Stewart's “population potential”, deals with:(1) Verification of his theory in application to Japan.(2) Improvement of the computation method.(3) A regional unit in which his formula is applicable.(4) Comparison with the model of the ideal distribution of central places.(5) Relation with traffic.First, a simple and practical computation method was devised. This method was adopted in making detailed population potential diagrams covering several prefectures.These diagrams made it clear that population potential diagrams are of less validity in metropolises and their neighborhood where social and economical mobility is large, while they are of practical application not only in the analysis of relative density of population in closed regions such as basins, but in establishing the structure of concentric zone of a city and its zone of influence.The comparison of the population potential diagram with the model of the ideal distribution of cities suggested the possibility of the diagramatical presentation of regional characters.The population potential diagram classified accordidg to occupations was made to show relationship with urban function in a particular region. The last, but not the least important use of the population potential diagram is that it shows the closest relationship with the traffic and traffic distance between two regions. It was recognized that this relation will be better analized by the use of “income potential”, that is, of the original population potential multiplied by the weight of differences of income.