Degree Of Inflammatory Reaction Research Articles

CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER – A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Morphologically, GC is a heterogeneous neoplasm consisting of several histological types. Majority of the patients are diagnosed in an advance stage of the disease. Conventional surgical and systemic treatment has demonstrated limited achievement. Evolution in personalized therapy is a main factor to improve the outcome, but for a successful application, a careful stratification of patients is required. Aim: The purpose of the present paper was to analyze the mandatory clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with GC. Material and methods: A total 74 patients who have undergone total or partial gastric resection, endoscopic and laparoscopic biopsy due to GC were included. Results: The average age of the patients was 69,6 years, with a male predominance in all age groups. Most frequent histological type was intestinal type, according to Lauren and tubular type, according to WHO classifications. 82,3% (p<0,05) of GC located in cardia were diagnosed in males. 37/42 tubular, papillary and mucinous types by WHO classification were classified as intestinal type by Lauren. All signet ring cell and poorly cohesive adenocarcinomas by WHO classification were accordingly assigned as diffuse type by Lauren. 52,2% of the tubular/intestinal type of tumors were graded as G1 or G2, and 93,1% of signet ring and poorly cohesive/diffuse type GC were graded as G3. Significant correlations were observed between perineural invasion and histological type by Lauren (p<0,043), degree of differentiation (p<0,04) and lymphovascular invasion (p<0,000); between а degree of inflammatory reaction and М status (p<0,022). Conclusion: Precise histological typification of GC is a key to better stratification of the patients. Certain histological types are associated with aggressive tumor behavior, as we found diffuse type to correlate with poor differentiation and presence of perineural invasion. Degree of inflammatory reaction may be an independent indicator of the presence of distant metastases.

Лікувально-профілактичні підходи до хворих на псоріаз після перенесеної коронавірусної інфекції

The results of preliminary observations indicate that the SARS-COV-2 virus can also affect the skin and affect the course of chronic diseases, including dermatoses. The cause and pathogenesis of skin manifestations have not yet been established and are under study, but they are most likely caused by infectious and allergic damage to blood vessels, as well as a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The subject is to increase the effectiveness of the therapy of patients with psoriasis after suffering from the coronavirus disease by using drugs that affect the state of the endothelium of blood vessels and the blood coagulation system. Materials and methods. 69 patients with psoriasis associated with COVID-19 infection were under observation. The patients were divided into two clinical and therapeutic groups, which were representative in terms of age, sex, and severity of the disease: The first experimental group (36 patients) in complex treatment received drugs that had an effect on the normalization of endothelial dysfunction and the blood coagulation system. Patients of the II group (33 persons) received treatment according to the protocols. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy persons, representative in terms of age and sex. Control of the treatment was carried out on the basis of clinical and laboratory data. Subjective and objective signs of the disease were evaluated, clinical and biochemical indicators were determined, including a general blood test, the state of the coagulation system using modern standardized laboratory tests. The degree of inflammatory reaction was assessed by the level of C-reactive protein and IL-6. Statistical processing of data was carried out using methods of variational statistics. Significance of differences was assessed using Student’s test for independent samples. The results. When using drugs that had an effect on the normalization of endothelial dysfunction and the blood coagulation system, in the complex treatment of patients of the 1st group, a significant improvement in the general condition was noted, a decrease in the subjective symptoms of the disease: itching, dryness, soreness in the foci of inflammation, which decreased 3–4 days earlier, than in patients from the comparison group who received traditional therapy. Clinical remission in patients of the I group occurred in (22.3 ± 2.7) days, while in patients in the II group – in (29.2 ± 3.5) days, that is, 6.9 days earlier (p < 0, 05). The use of the proposed treatment-prophylactic approach improved the parameters of the blood coagulation system in patients with psoriasis who suffered a coronavirus infection, which was manifested by the normalization of AChT, PTI, fibrinogen content and a significant decrease in D-dimer, which indicates a probable reduction in the risk of thrombotic complications. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in inflammation indicators – PSA and IL-6. Conclusions. The use of the proposed treatment-prophylactic approach contributed to an earlier onset of clinical remission: the subjective and objective signs of the disease stopped almost 7 days earlier than in patients treated only by traditional methods, normalization of indicators of the state of the coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, which prevented development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

The effectiveness of the use of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of lacerated wounds under conditions of hypothermia and hypoxia

BACKGROUND: Patients Arctic conditions complicate the pathogenesis of various skin and soft tissue injuries. For the treatment of these diseases, the possibility of using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, which promote the proliferation of granular tissue cells, angiogenesis, and reduce the duration of the inflammatory phase during wound healing due to the secretion of cytokines and growth factors, is being considered.
 AIM: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of cell therapy, experimental studies were carried out on the model of a lacerated wound in rats under conditions of hypoxia and hypothermia.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animals were kept in a climate chamber (15% oxygen, 4C) for 48 hours. Injury was applied 24 hours after placement in controlled conditions. The introduction of stem cells was carried out a day after the wound was applied. Mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from the red bone marrow of Wistar rats were used for injection. The cell culture used had an immunophenotype corresponding to stem cells and had the ability to differentiate in the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic directions. During the study, the degree of inflammatory reaction in injured tissues and the presence of possible pathological discharges from the wound canal were assessed in rats, and the thickness of the injured paw was measured.
 RESULTS: The stimulating effect of the suspension of mesenchymal stem cells on the dynamics of reducing the edema of the injured hip by 10% was established compared to the control group. To describe the process of inflammation, a histological analysis was performed on the 6th and 21st days after the wound was applied. On the 6th day of the study, a weak infiltration of lymphocytes in the muscle tissue was noted in rats that were injected with MMSC, which may indicate an earlier transition of the wound process to the proliferative phase.
 CONCLUSION: The stimulating effect of the suspension of mesenchymal stem cells on the dynamics of reducing the edema of the injured hip by 10% was established compared to the control group.

Modern view on the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of mastitis in cows

Mastitis in cows is currently a pathology that causes great economic damage to livestock farms around the world. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk are decreasing. Prevention and treatment of breast inflammation in cows is one of the main tasks of veterinarians. For successful treatment, it is necessary to understand the etiology, especially in infectious mastitis. The degree of inflammatory reaction depends on the invading pathogen and the state of the animal's body, including such indicators as the stage of lactation, age, immune status, genetics and feeding diet. Almost 200 microorganisms that cause bovine mastitis have been identified, including bacteria, yeast, fungi and viruses. More than 150 species of bacteria that cause mastitis in cows have been identified, with bacterial mastitis being the most common. Mastitis can be caused by gram-positive bacteria, the most common of which are staphylococci and streptococci, and gram-negative bacteria, more often Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Laboratory diagnostics is necessary to isolate and identify the relevant pathogen, which is necessary for the successful prevention and treatment of mastitis. The most commonly used method of diagnosing mastitis in cows is to measure the number of somatic cells. Express diagnostics are often used, which do not give a numerical result, but indicate only low or high indicators, while the causative agent of mastitis is not identified. The cultivation method is still the main criterion for detecting microorganisms, but it is a very time-consuming and expensive method. With the development of molecular methods, rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases in animals has become possible. Recently developed diagnostic tests have shown high specificity and sensitivity.

Effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the expression of CCR7 and levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in asthmatic rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the expression of CC Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in asthmatic rats. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, asthma group, smoke exposure group, asthma-smoke exposure group. The asthma group were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and Aluminum hydroxide at day 1, 8 and challenged with OVA at day 15 by atomization for 8 weeks.While control group was sensitized and challenged with normal saline instead of OVA.The smoke exposure group was sensitized and challenged with normal saline instead of OVA followed passive smoking for 8 weeks. The asthma-smoke exposure group was challenged with OVA followed passive smoking. The pathological changes of different groups were observed by HE-staining. CCR7 was semiquantitatively analyzed in lungs by immunohistochemistry.The concentration of CC chemokine ligand (CCL)19, CCL21, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in peripheral blood and CCL19 and CCL21 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELESA) assay. Results: In asthma group, smoke exposure group and asthma-smoke exposure group, the various degrees of inflammatory reaction appeared in lung tissue and the asthma-smoke exposure group was with the most significant reaction. In the lung tissues of the rats from asthma group, smoke exposure group and asthma-smoke exposure group, the average optical density (AOD) of CCR7 were significantly higher than those in control group (0.350±0.023, 0.252±0.022, 0.400±0.029 vs 0.180±0.020, all P<0.01). The AOD of CCR7 of asthma-smoke exposure group was much higher than both that in asthma group and in smoke exposure group (both P<0.01). In asthma group, smoke exposure group and asthma-smoke exposure group, the concentrations of both CCL19 and CCL21 in peripheral blood and BALF were significantly higher than that in control group (all P<0.01). The concentrations of both CCL19 and CCL21 in peripheral blood and BALF of asthma-smoke exposure group were significantly higher than the results in asthma group and in smoke exposure group (all P<0.01). The concentrations of IFN-γ in peripheral blood of asthma group and asthma-smoke exposure group were lower than those in control group [(33±3), (17±3) vs (70±4) pg/ml], but asthma-smoke exposure group was much lower than the results in asthma group (all P<0.01). The concentration of IFN-γ in peripheral blood of smoke exposure group[(100±5)pg/ml]was higher than that in control group and asthma-smoke exposure group (both P<0.01). In asthma group, smoke exposure group, asthma-smoke exposure group, the concentrations of IL-4 in peripheral blood were significantly higher than those in control group [(54±4), (42±4), (76±4) vs (30±4) pg/ml, all P<0.01]. The concentrations of IL-4 in peripheral blood of asthma-smoke exposure group was significantly higher than those in asthma group and in smoke exposure group (both P<0.01). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke could enhance the expression of CCR7 and its ligand, and it can also result in exacerbations of asthma by reducing the expression level of IFN-γ (the representative of Th1 cytokine) and increasing the expression level of IL-4 (the representative of Th2 cytokine).

Histopathological Pulp Response to Platelet-Rich Plasma Pulpotomy in Primary teeth

Background: To overcome the disadvantages of various synthetic-based biomaterials used in pulp therapy, the researchers are directed towards innovation of novel materials that are biologically compatible. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is considered one of the novel biologically-based autologous substitutes. Purpose: To evaluate histopathologically the pulp response to the platelet-rich plasma as a pulpotomy medicament in primary teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 30 healthy lower first primary molars and canines that indicated for serial extraction were selected for this experiment. PRP and formocresol pulpotomies were performed (12 teeth/each group), where the other 6 teeth were used as a control. Four teeth from each experimental group and one control were extracted at post-treatment intervals; 14 days, one and three months. The samples were prepared and the tissues’ sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin for histopathological evaluation. Using ordinary light microscope, all sections were histopathologically analyzed blindly in terms of soft tissues organization, degree of inflammatory reaction, hyperemic changes, pulp necrosis and dentin bridge formation. Statistical analysis: All data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and the probability level of significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Results: The overall histopathological results of pulp response to PRP were statistically significant in terms of soft tissue organization, degrees of inflammation, hyperemia, and pulp necrosis than formocresol (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Histopathologically, it was concluded that PRP had induced significantly a successful healing biologic response than synthetic formacresol; serving as a potent autogenous pulpotomy medicament alternative to formocresol.

Protection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Preconditioning against Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (EIU) in Rats is Associated with Overexpression of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase M (IRAK-M)

ABSTRACTPurpose: To investigate the protective effect of LPS preconditioning against EIU in rats.Methods: EIU in Wistar rats was developed by subcutaneous injection of LPS (200 μg). Lower dose of LPS (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or its carrier was injected daily for five days before EIU induction. Twenty-four hours after EIU, eyes were examined and then enucleated. The degree of inflammatory reaction was determined by routine histological examinations. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the activation of NF-kB and expression of IRAK-1, IRAK-4, and IRAK-MResults: Repeated pre-administration of LPS induced a significant reduction in ocular inflammation and the expression of NF-κb p65 in neurons. The expression of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 was suppressed in endotoxin tolerance group, whereas IRAK-M was increased.Conclusions: Endotoxin tolerance has a protective effect against EIU, and upregulation of IRAK-M through TLR-signaling pathway is one of the most likely candidates to be involved in the observed phenomenon.

Inhibiting Effect of Lithium Chloride on Endotoxin-induced Uveitis in Rats

ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of lithium chloride in endotoxin-induced uveitis.Methods: A total of 200 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group; EIU group; LiCl-treated control group; and LiCl-treated lipopolysaccharide group. Clinical score, slit-lamp photography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to determine the degree of inflammatory reaction. Level of glycogen synthase kinase3-beta and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 in iris-ciliary body was examined by western blot and RT-PCR. Cytokines in aqueous humor were detected by ELISA.Results: Pretreatment with LiCl produced an anti-inflammatory effect during endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). With LiCl treatment, the level of P-GSK3-β in iris-ciliary body was upregulated and the expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly suppressed during EIU.Conclusions: LiCl pretreatment can suppress intraocular inflammatory responses in EIU rats. Mechanistically, this anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3-β.

浸潤と転移の早期画像診断−超音波口腔内走査における舌癌の浸潤先端と頸部リンパ節転移へのCT灌流画像の応用について−

According to the literature regarding the intraoral ultrasonography application for the diagnosis of tongue carcinoma, a tumor invasion area had been demonstrated as hypoechoic compared with the surrounding structure. However, especially with the recently released high-resolution intraoral probe, histopathological invasion front did not always correspond with the deepest margin of the hypoechoic area because the invasion front always tended to be affected by various degree of inflammatory reaction.

Correlation between acute conjunctivitis and Asian dust on ocular surfaces

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the presence of Asian dust particles (ADP) in patients suffering from conjunctivitis and its correlation with clinical scores for conjunctivitis. Forty-five patients from the Fukuoka area who were newly diagnosed acute conjunctivitis were selected. The degrees of inflammatory reaction, itchy sensation, hyperemia, eye discharge, and foreign body sensation were clinically recorded and scored. Eyes were washed with physiological solution. Solid particles collected from the washing solution were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Of the 45 samples, 44 were positive for the elements silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), which are components of ambient Asian dust. Higher conjunctivitis scores were found in the subgroup in which the Asian dust/whole particle ratio was greater than average. This is the first apparent report on the correlation between amount of ADP exposure at the ocular surface and severity of ocular symptoms.

Histopathological evaluation of gingival tissue overlying two-stage implants after placement of cover screws

Corrosion of implant components, including that of cover screws, has been reported as a possible etiological factor for implant failure. This study evaluated the presence of metallic particles in the soft tissues overlying two-stage implants after placing cover screws, by using a histological technique and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed large and small titanium particles in different layers of the soft tissue overlying the implant and cover screws in the majority of samples, with more particles near the cover screws. These particles might have contributed to the various degrees of inflammatory reactions detected in the different layers of the overlying soft tissues. Further studies on the corrosion of implants' metallic components are recommended, so that the implant failure rates could be minimized.

Analysis of the effect and safety of atorvastatin in the treatment of septic shock

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with septic shock.Methods 67 patients with septic shock were randomly divided into the treatment group （34 cases） and control group（33 cases）.The control group was treated with conventional therapy ,and the observation group was administered with atorvastatin based on the control group .Before and after treatment ,the inflammatory index ,cytokines levels,the number of MODS cases,the number of deaths at 28th day,and the incidence of adverse reactions were com-pared between the two groups .Results The heart rate ,respiratory rate ,white blood cell count of the treatment group were significantly better than the control group ,the cytokines levels were significantly lower than the control group ,the differences were statistically significant （t=4.181,3.622,4.879,all P〈0.05）.The incidence rate of MODS of treat-ment group was significantly lower than that of the control group （χ2 =7.153,P〈0.05）.The average hospital stay of the treatment group was （9.3 ±3.1）d,which was significantly less than （12.4 ±3.3）d of the control group（t=3.964,P〈0.05）.The incidence rate of adverse reaction in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group（χ2 =4.566,P〈0.05）.The 28 d mortality rate of the two groups had no significant difference （χ2 =3.345,P〉0.05）.Conclusion Atorvastatin can effectively reduce the degree of inflammatory reaction in patients with septic shock ,decrease the incidence of MODS , and has potential benefits on the prognosis of patients , but still need to be further confirmed by clinical research . Key words: Shock; Infection; Atorvastatin

Inhibiting effect of Radix Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Radix Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on clinical indicators, the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and its downstream transduction molecules during endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. EIU was induced through the intraperitoneal injection of male Wistar rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 200 μg). HPS (400mg/kg), DXM (1mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally 1h before the LPS induction. The clinical manifestation was observed and scored at 2-h intervals using a slit microscope. The degree of inflammatory reaction was determined by routine histological examinations, and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the iris-ciliary body complex was detected through a double-labeled immunofluorescence study. Real-time RT-PCR was used to assess the effects of HPS on the expression of the TLR4 complex, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 were examined by western blot. HPS treatment produced similar therapeutic results with dexamethasone by significantly reducing the clinical severity of EIU as well as fibrin exudations and inflammatory cell infiltration in the eye. Correspondingly, according to the immunofluorescence results, HPS treatment significantly suppressed the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the iris-ciliary body complex. HPS treatment could also remarkably reduce the mRNA and protein expression of the TLR4 complex, MyD88 and NF-κB p65. HPS can suppress the intraocular inflammation observed in EIU by inhibiting TLR4 and its downstream signal transduction pathway.

Prognostic Model in Patients with Early-stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Combination of Invasive Margin Pathological Characteristics and Lymphovascular Space Invasion

This study aimed to develop a prognostic model in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma based on clinicopathological features, including invasive margin characteristics. Clinicopathological features and outcomes of 190 patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by surgery were collected and analyzed for factors associated with tumor recurrence. In addition to well-recognized pathological risk factors, the pathological characteristics of invasive margin (type of invasive pattern and degree of stromal desmoplasia and peritumoral inflammatory reaction) were also included in the analysis. Multiple scoring models were made by matching different clinicopathological variables and/ or different weighting of the score for each variable. The model with the best performance in the prediction of recurrence and decreased survival was selected. The model with the best performance was composed of a combined score of invasive pattern, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and degree of inflammatory reaction and stromal desmoplasia (total score =10). Compared to those with score ≤ 8, the patients with score 9-10 had a significantly higher recurrence rate in the overall group (p<0.001) and the subgroup without adjuvant therapy (p<0.001), while the significance was marginal in the subgroup with adjuvant therapy (p=0.069). In addition, the patients with score 9-10 had a higher rate of tumor recurrence at distant sites (p=0.007). The disease-free survival was significantly lower in the patients with score 9-10 than those with score ≤ 8 among the overall patients (p<0.001), in the subgroup without adjuvant therapy (p<0.001), and the subgroup with adjuvant therapy (p=0.047). In this study, a prognostic model based on a combination of pathological characteristics of invasive margin and LVSI proved to be predictive of tumor recurrence and decreased disease-free survival in patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Epithelioid hemangioma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 7 cases

To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioma. The morphologic features of 7 cases of epithelioid hemangioma of skin, bone and venous vessels were studied. There were altogether 4 male and 3 female patients (median age = 34 years; age range from 14 to 54 years). The 3 skin cases presented as single or multiple erythematous to bluish nodules or papules, with or without itchiness. The 2 bone cases appeared as osteolytic expansile lesions on radiologic examination. The remaining 2 cases involved medium-sized venous structures and presented as small isolated nodules in soft tissue. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by the presence of exuberant endothelial proliferations with various degree of inflammatory reaction. The neoplastic endothelial cells were plump, eosinophilic and polygonal, forming vascular channels. Occasional solid sheet-like arrangement was demonstrated. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles were commonly identified, indicating formation of primary lumen. The surrounding stroma contained various number of eosinophils and lymphoplasmacytic cells. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) and negative for epithelial marker (cytokeratin). Follow-up information was available in 6 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 5 to 36 months (median = 14 months). There was no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis. Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare benign curable lesion which can be multifocal, involving skin, soft tissue and bone. It needs to be distinguished from Kimura's disease and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist attenuates neurological deficits following spinal cord ischemia in rats

Neuroprotective effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist in cerebral ischemia have been reported, but the effect of a PPARγ agonist on spinal cord ischemia has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a PPARγ agonist on spinal cord ischemia. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, was administered in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia, and the extent of neurological damage and histological alterations were assessed. Forty-five rats were randomly enrolled into one of the three groups: (1) pioglitazone group (group PIO): rats were treated with pioglitazone 24 hours before ischemia; (2) control group (group C): rats were treated with the same volume of saline 24 hours before ischemia; and (3) sham group (group sham): rats were treated with the same volume of saline 24 hours before the sham surgery. Spinal cord ischemia was induced using a balloon-tipped catheter placed on the proximal descending aorta. Neurologic function was assessed using the motor deficit index (0 = normal, 6 = complete paralysis) during the 48 hours after reperfusion. Histological and biochemical evaluations were then performed. Compared with group C, group PIO presented with lower motor deficit index 48 hours after reperfusion (5.0 [4.0-6.0] vs 3.0 [2.0-3.0]; group C vs group PIO, respectively; P < .001). Group PIO presented with a higher number of normal motor neurons (10.7 [8.1-11.9] vs 14.7 [14.0-15.3]; group C vs group PIO, respectively; P = .009) and a smaller area of infarcts (48.4% [46.3%-54.0%] vs 16.8% [11.5%-18.3%]; group C vs group PIO, respectively; P = .009) when compared with group C. The degree of inflammatory reactions, assessed by microglia activities, was significantly reduced in group PIO. Oxidative stress level, assessed using malonydialdehyde assay, was significantly reduced in group PIO relative to group C (192.21% [173.5%-206.4%] of sham vs 141.1% [131.7%-152.1%] of sham; group C vs group PIO, respectively; P = .007). The sham group exhibited no abnormality upon neurological or histological examination. PPARγ agonist pioglitazone pretreatment significantly reduces infarct volume and attenuates neurological deficits following spinal cord ischemia. The possible mechanism of neuroprotection by PPARγ agonist may involve modulation of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress.

Effect of secondary intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract with posterior capsular rupture

Objective To explore the effect of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in traumatic cataract with posterior capsular rupture.Methods 72 cases of traumatic cataract with posterior capsular rupture were divided into two groups:group A (36 eyes,36 cases) and group B (36 eyes,36 cases).Patients in group A were treated by traumatic cataract removal and primary IOL implantation.Patients in group B underwent traumatic cataract removal and secondary IOL implantation.The visual acuities and surgical complications were compared between two groups.Results There were 22 eyes (61.6％) in group A and 27 eyes (75.0％) in group B with visual acuities better than 0.5 at 8 weeks after surgery and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.175,P ＜ 0.05).The different degrees of inflammatory reaction were observed in two groups.The incidences of surgical complications in group B were much lower than that in group A (x2 =10.125,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The traumatic cataract with posterior capsular rupture treated by secondary IOL implantation can have better visual outcomes and less surgical complications compared with primary IOL implantation. Key words: Cataract, traumatic; Lens, intraocular; Implantation, secondary

Experimental study of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines in tissue and the inflammatory reaction of limb with venous hypertension

To explore the role and mechanism of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) of tissue in promoting the inflammatory reaction of the limb with venous hypertension. moral arteriovenous fistula was surgically created to establish the rat model of venous hypertension. A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into pcDNA3.1-DARC (Group A), empty plasmid of pcDNA3.1 (Group B) and control (Group C) groups. The animals were sacrificed at Days 14 and 42 post-operation respectively. The expressions of DARC at the RNA and protein level were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. And the serum level of interleukin (IL)-8 was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degrees of apoptosis and leukocytic infiltration of local tissue were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. With the elapsing time of venous hypertension, the DARC expression in tissue, the extent of apoptosis and leukocytic infiltration in tissue showed an increasing trend in Groups A and B. Group A was obviously higher than Group B during the corresponding period. And the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-8 of Groups A and B showed a decreasing trend. And Group A was obviously lower than Group B. Both groups were higher than the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The level of DARC in tissue and the degree of inflammatory reaction of venous hypertension have a positive correlation. And DARC may promote the development of venous hypertension inflammation through augmenting the adhesion and migration of leukocytes.

Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein 60 (cHSP60) induces murine cervicitis

Objective To investigate the role of cHSP60 in the pathogenesis of murine cervicitis.Methods Fifty female C3H/HeN mice were randomly and equally classified into 5 groups, including the control group receiving no treatment and 4 groups receiving intravaginal inoculation of cHSP60 (cHSP60 group),live elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn group), inactive elementary bodies of MoPn (inactive MoPn group) and growth medium (medium group), respectively. Five days after the inoculation,cervical tissue was resected from these mice and subjected to pathological examination. Results There were varying degrees of inflammatory reaction characterized by neutrophil infiltration, necrosis and shedding of mucosal cells in the cervices of mice in cGSP60 and MoPn groups. No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of cervicitis (90% vs. 80%, P ＞ 0.05), neutrophile count [76.00 (25.0 - 80.0) vs. 25.00 (8.75 -32.5), P＞ 0.05] or inflammation score [12.5 (11.5 - 14.25) vs. 9.00 (8.00 - 11.5), P ＞ 0.05] between the cHSP60 and MoPn group. The inflammatory reaction was weak with decreased incidence of cervicitis (40%),inflammation score [0.00 (0.00- 12.50)] and neutrophile count [0.00 (0.00- 15.50)] in inactive MoPn group compared with the cHSP60 and MoPn groups (all P ＜ 0.05). A small number of neutrophils migrated into the superficial layer of cervical mucosa in only 2 mice in the medium group. Conclusion cHSP60 may be a primary pathogenic factor in chlamydial genital tract infection.

In vivo study comparing an X-shaped polymethylmethacrylate and a cylindrical collagen implant for deep sclerectomy

Study in vivo characteristics of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant compared to the standard cylindrical collagen implant for deep sclerectomy (DS). Six-month comparative study. Twenty eyes of ten rabbits. Eyes were randomized to have DS with PMMA implant in one eye and collagen implant in the opposite eye. The growth of the new subconjunctival drainage vessels was assessed by combined fluorescein and indocyanin green anterior segment angiography; intrascleral and subconjunctival blebs were imaged by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). At six months, outflow facility (C) was measured by anterior chamber perfusion and portions of one side of the DS were compared to portions on the 180° opposite side and native sclera on histology. The mean IOP preoperatively and at one, four, twelve, and twenty-four weeks was comparable in both groups (P > 0.1). UBM showed a statistically insignificant quicker regression of the subconjunctival bleb as well as a durable intrascleral lake in the PMMA group (P > 0.05). New drainage vessels were initially observed one month after surgery; they were more numerous in the PMMA group on angiographic and histological findings at 6 months (P < 0.05). The mean C increased significantly after surgery compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05) and no difference was observed between the implants (0.24 ± 0.06 µl/min/mmHg [PMMA] and 0.23 ± 0.07 µl/min/mmHg [collagen implant]) (P = 0.39). Deep sclerectomy performed with PMMA or collagen implants showed similar IOP lowering effects, outflow facility increase, and degree of inflammatory reaction.