Degree Of Inclusion Research Articles

Development of Cinnarizine Liposome Technology

Introduction. Liposomal preparations have a number of advantages: they protect the cells of the body from the toxic effects of drugs; prolong the action of the drug introduced into the body; protect medicinal substances from degradation; contribute to the manifestation of targeted specificity due to selective penetration from the blood into tissues; change the pharmacokinetics of drugs, increasing their pharmacological efficacy; allow you to create a water-soluble form of a number of medicinal substances, thereby increasing their bioavailability.In this work, studies were carried out to develop a methodology for determining the degree of inclusion in liposomes from soy lecithin of cinnarizine, which has found wide application as a corrector of cerebral circulation disorders.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the amount of adsorption of cinnarizine with liposomes from soy lecithin.Materials and methods. Cinnarizine liposomes from soy lecithin were prepared by the hydration/rehydration method. To study the characteristics of the degree of incorporation of cinnarizine into liposomes, the method of equilibrium dialysis was used. The choice of this method is due to the fact that the quantitative analysis of the equilibrium concentration of cinnarizine in the dispersion medium, which is necessary to determine the amount of adsorption, is hampered by the presence of a dispersed phase, liposomes. A semipermeable membrane with a pore diameter sufficient for the penetration of cinnarizine molecules, but impermeable to liposomes, makes it possible to obtain a cinnarizine solution with a concentration close enough to the concentration in the dispersion medium of liposomes. The solution thus obtained can be subjected to quantitative analysis using spectrophotometry.Results. A graph of the dependence of the value of adsorption of cinnarizine on liposomes on the equilibrium concentration was plotted. It was found that the value of adsorption of cinnarizine during the treatment of liposomes with ultrasound is less for all the studied concentrations. At an equilibrium concentration of cinnarizine of more than 0.0003 mol/l, the proportion of the prearat associated with liposomes stabilizes. Without sonication at the level of 24.83 ± 1.15%, with sonication at the level of 18.4 ± 1.20%.Conclusion. It has been established that ultrasonic treatment of liposomes is expedient when cinnarizine is added to a dry lipid film, since it is a factor that increases bioavailability

Emotional Intelligence of a Pianist-Accompanist (on the Example of C. Franck's Violin Sonata Performed by Martha Argerich)

The purpose of the research is to identify the regularities of emotional intelligence in the process of concert activity of a pianist-accompanist. Emotional intelligence is a powerful means of communication between a pianist-accompanist and a soloist. Understanding the mechanisms of such psychological activity and their implementation in the creative process is an essential condition for the professional literacy of the accompanist. The research methodology. The main tool in the research is the method of analytical observation, which is based on the comparison of stationary and variable data. The fixed data are a piece of music and a pianist e. g. violin sonata by C. Franck and M. Argerich. The variables are different soloists, musical instruments, years of performance, and the presence of the audience. The scientific novelty of the research. The article considers 15 performing versions of the sonata. The analysis of interpretations focuses on two semantic planes: general parameters of the work and strategic places in the sonata. The general parameters are the tempos of the sonata’s parts, the integrity of the work from the point of view of the thorough development, the distribution of roles in the ensemble, and the degree of contact between the accompanist and the soloist. The strategic points of the sonata include piano entrances and losses, culminations, leitmotifs (the degree of flexibility of the intonation in relation to the soloist’s presentation), and some pianistically and ensemble difficult places. Conclusions. The interpretations are classified by the degree of inclusion of the accompanist in the artistic process. Depending on the strictness of following the author’s text and the intensity of the soloist's individuality, 3 types are distinguished: classical (the lowest degree of inclusion of emotional intelligence), romantic (the average degree of activity), and expressionist (the highest activity of emotional intelligence).

Financial inclusion and income inequality nexus: A case of Africa

Reducing income inequality to ensure everyone enjoys the dividend of economic growth is among the United Nation’s priorities for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Recently, using an inclusive financial system as an instrument to promote inclusive growth has become a global policy priority. However, little is known about the distributional impact of multidimensional financial inclusion. Thus, we analyse the effect of multidimensional financial inclusion on income inequality using panel data for 23 African countries from 2004 to 2018. Employing an endogenous panel threshold model, we demonstrate that only a higher degree of financial inclusion has a favourable distributional effect. Using panel quantile regression, we find that pronounced, favourable distributional impacts of financial inclusion are observed in the higher inequality quantiles. We further demonstrate that the favourable distributional impact of financial inclusion is pronounced in the presence of a higher institutional quality. Our results are robust to several sensitivity analyses, such as instrumental variables, Bayesian model averaging, sub-sampling, and alternative measurement of income inequality. Our results highlight that promoting an inclusive financial system is essential for reducing income inequality, thereby achieving inclusive economic growth. The results also imply that promoting institutional quality is essential for people to enjoy the pronounced distributional impacts of financial inclusion.

"A Descriptive Study on the Use of Subtitling as a Didactic Tool in Translation Courses at Spanish Universities "

In the context of translator training, subtitling has already been included into some translation curricula as an independent discipline of study aiming at training future subtitlers. Several scholars have discussed about the benefits from using subtitling as an active tool to develop students’ translation competence in generic translation courses. However, there are few studies which focused on the use of active subtitling as a didactic tool in the field of translator training from a generic perspective. This article presents a descriptive study on the application of subtitling skills in generic translation courses which is carried out in the context of translator training at BA level in Spain. The main objective of this descriptive study is to present an overview on the use of subtitling in the translation classroom and analyze its level of implementation in non-audiovisual translation courses as a didactic resource that allows to develop the students’ translation competence. Thus, the degree of the inclusion of subtitling into translation curricula at different Spanish universities is presented by providing data collected from questionnaires to both translation students and trainers at BA level. In this way, questionnaires not only provide relevant data about the degree of inclusion of this didactic tool in generic translation courses but also intend to collect students and trainers’ experiences, opinions and expectations concerning the use of subtitling in a non-audiovisual translation context. Although the inclusion of subtitling into non-audiovisual translation courses is still quite low, the results of this study prove that subtitling leads to the activation of various general and specific competences in the translation classroom.

Age, gender and degree of inclusion are predictors of timing for spontaneous repositioning of intruded primary teeth in pre-school children.

To investigate the timing for spontaneous repositioning of primary teeth with intrusive luxation in relation to degree of inclusion, gender and age of injured children. This retrospective study analysed records of 1- to 6-year-old children referred to the Section of Paediatric Dentistry, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin (Italy) between January 2009 and December 2020 for traumatic intrusion of primary teeth. Time to the total re-eruption was calculated, and related factors were explored using Cox and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Timing for spontaneous re-eruption seems to be associated to age, particularly as far as total intrusion of primary teeth is concerned. This observation could be related to the degree of bone mineralisation, which is modified during growth.

Proactive System Formation for Stimulation of Innovative Activities of Enterprises

The article considers the approach to the formation of the proactive system for stimulating innovative activities of enterprises. The research approach specificity is that the proactive activity is considered as a property of the system, depending on the proactive behavior of its participants, and a proactive approach to stimulation is considered as the process of creating sources of motivation for enterprises to change the conditions of their functioning. The advantages of proactive development are highlighted. Forms and methods of proactive system implementing are proposed, of its formation’s stages are identified, and of its main elements’ characteristics are given. A low degree of enterprises’ involvement in the innovation process and existing programs’ inefficiency for stimulating innovation activities were identified. The approach to the universalization of the process of proactive system forming for stimulating innovation activity is proposed, which is based on the gradual introduction of forms and methods of enterprises’ proactive behavior. The key role of the digital platform in the formation of the proactive incentive system is disclosed. The effect of duality as the result of the proactive system formation process is shown: first, the rapid growth of innovative activity indicators, and then the long-term formation of the system’s new status. It has been proven that it is the digital environment and a high degree of digital inclusion that will ensure cross-functional participants’ interaction and increase the national economy competitiveness.

Differences in financial inclusion by disability type

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the nature of financial inclusion for individuals with various types of disabilities.Design/methodology/approachData from 2015, 2017 and 2019 FDIC Survey of Household Use of Banking and Financial Services was pooled, and binary logistic regressions were used to investigate differences in barriers to financial inclusion (e.g. unbanked) between people with different types of disabilities (e.g. cognitive) and those without such disabilities.FindingsUsing five separate barrier measures, the authors found specific disability types face different barriers to financial inclusion. For example, respondents with cognitive, ambulatory or two or more disabilities were more likely to use nonbank transaction products and alternative financial services. And, those with vision or cognitive disabilities were more likely to be denied or receive reduced credit. When examining aggregate barriers to financial inclusion (total number of barriers faced) respondents with cognitive, ambulatory, hearing or two or more disabilities experienced the lowest degree of financial inclusion in the authors’ dataset.Research limitations/implicationsCausal inference cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. The data only covers the US population, and the measurement of disability type could include those with short-term impairments. Further, there may be an omitted variable bias.Practical implicationsBest practices to maximize financial inclusion for those with different disability types should address accessibility issues, bank staff education, financial literacy education and poverty issues. Additional government policies and oversight are also needed to protect and enhance the overall financial inclusion of people with disabilities.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the relationship between various barriers to financial inclusion and aggregate barriers to financial inclusion by disability type. Specific disability types are found to face different barriers to financial inclusion.

Challenges and Adjustments of Healthcare and Labor Policies in Greece during the COVID-19 era: A Critical Assessment of the Key Social Policy Responses

The welfare state in Greece even before the outbreak of the global pandemic experienced multiple challenges and problems mainly as a result of its chronic structural, administrative, and financial problems which were further deteriorated by austerity measures. The pandemic that followed the ten-year economic crisis led to a new multifaceted crisis, adding further pressure on the National Health System as well as on the labor market, and precipitating the uptake of targeted measures and policies to support both the NHS with equipment, staff, and employment due to the imposition of national and local lockdowns. Confronted with such weaknesses, the establishment of a new welfare state would need to bear a higher degree of flexibility, inclusivity, and efficiency in order to live up to the increasing societal, health, and economic demands. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to explore the variations in health and labor policies (two key pillars of the welfare state) during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess whether there is a need for further interventions with regard to the social security and prosperity of citizens.

Information structures in a multiset-valued information system with application to uncertainty measurement

Information system (IS) is a significant model in the field of artificial intelligence. Information structure is not only a research direction in the field of granular computing (GrC), but also an important method to study an IS. A multiset-valued information system (MVIS) refers to an IS where information values are multisets. A MVIS can be seen as a model that is the result of information fusion of multiple categorical ISs. This model helps deal with missing values in the dataset. This paper studies information structures in a MVIS on the view of GrC and consider their application for uncertainty measurement (UM). First of all, some notions of multisets and probability distribution sets (PDSs) are proposed. Naturally, relationships between multisets and PDSs are researched. Then, the concept of a MVIS based on the notion of multisets is given, and the internal structure of a MVIS is revealed by an incomplete information system (IIS). Furthermore, tolerance relations in a MVIS are defined by using Hellinger distance, and tolerance classes are obtained to construct the information structures of a MVIS. Considering the association of information structures, relationships between information structures are raised from the two aspects of dependence and separation. Moreover, some properties between information structures are provided by using information distance and inclusion degree. Finally, four UMs as the applications of information structures are investigated, and comprehensive experiments on several datasets demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed measures. These results will be helpful for establishing a framework of GrC in a MVIS and studying UM.

Poverty alleviation through Inclusive Growth in Africa: The dynamic capability of trade

The African continent has experienced sustained growth since 2000, which has led to the "emergence of Africa". However, the continent also ranked second in the world in terms of income inequality, after Latin America. This has raised concerns about the inclusiveness of African growth. The inclusiveness of growth is receiving increased attention in both academic and decision-making circles, with several definitions and means of measurement being proposed, which will tend to reveal a lack of unanimity. This work is made up of two parts. The first assesses the measurement of inclusive growth and the second assesses the relationship and the role of trade in promoting inclusive growth.
 For this paper, the degree of inclusiveness of African growth was calculated using the unified method of measuring inclusive growth based on 33 African countries over a period of 2000-2018. The findings show a slightly inclusive growth as a result of a rise in economic growth and a slight fall in inequality. The inquiry concerning the function of trade as one of the fundamental supporters of growth presents two ways that commercial exchange can impact inclusive development. 1) An indirect but significant route through GDP. 2) The direct benefits of trade on every social class, without the intervention of GDP growth. The linear regression reports non-significant results, indicating the indirect relationship between GDP growth and inclusive growth. The results imply that in addition to trade, as an important contributor to inclusive growth, there are other parameters like economic policies and development interventions.

Peer effect on green innovation: Evidence from 782 manufacturing firms in China

In recent years, green innovation has become an important means of achieving sustainable development, but the impact of peer firms on green innovation is less discussed. To fill this research gap, this paper explores the effect of peer firms on the green innovation activities of the Chinese A-share listed firms in the manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2020 and investigates influencing factors of peer effect. The main findings are as follows. First, there is a peer effect in making green innovation decisions. Second, industry competition has a positive moderating effect on the peer effect of green innovation. Third, digital financial inclusion and government intervention both promote the peer effect of green innovation. The peer effect is more significant with a high degree of digital financial inclusion. But the peer effect has no significant difference between different degrees of government intervention. This paper aims to explore the influencing factors of a firm's green innovation from the perspective of peer effect. The research results can provide a guide for the government to better promote green innovation activities of firms and benign competition in the industry.

Analyzing the Consequences of Financial Inclusion on the Effectiveness of the Financial System and its Capacity to be Maintained Through Evidence from Asia

Using yearly data for 40 countries between 2000 and 2021, this article seeks to examine the connection between the financial inclusion index and development factors in the world's poorest regions: Asia. As a means of investigating this connection, we use pooled panel regression and panel data analysis. This empirical evidence suggests that expanding economies is the key to expanding access to financial services. Women are more likely than males to be economically excluded due to a variety of reasons, including unemployment and literacy rates. People in rural regions of less developed nations have less access to financial resources because of the economy's reliance on agriculture. Wage disparity has a chilling effect on people's ability to participate in the financial system and hampers progress. Because of this low degree of financial inclusion, these nations are not as developed as they may be. This research has the potential to improve the lives of marginalized people in the nations under consideration. Policymakers should think about enacting measures to boost literacy, eradicate gender discrimination, and increase wage equity in order to better the environment for development.

«Too much ideological bitterness has been added to this issue»: V. N. Andreev’s correspondence with M. Finley

The documents of M. Finley in the library of Cambridge University and in the personal fund of V. N. Andreev in the manuscript department of the Russian National Library in Saint Petersburg contain letters from two historians. The correspondence of M. Finley and V. N. Andreev shows that the Soviet scientist was not only a situational Finlean, but also quite consciously followed the principles of M. Finley’s work with sources. Acquaintance with M. Finley’s works and correspondence with him significantly influenced V. N. Andreev: he became a follower of an English scientist, working outside the framework of scientific schools that existed in Soviet scholarship. Correspondence with M. Finley shows a high degree of inclusion of a Soviet scientist in the current agenda of world science about Antiquity in the late 1950s – first half of the 1960s, however, the closeness of the Soviet scientific community, the lack of full-fledged international communication did not contribute to the perception of V. N. Andreev’s ideas by Western scientists. For M. Finley, V. N. Andreev was apparently just one of his many followers scattered around the world. The lack of personal contact did not allow this position to be changed. The very fact that the Soviet scientist in matters of methodology followed and listened to the advice of the scientist of the «bourgeois» testified that the Soviet historiography of Antiquity since the late 1950s could no longer be perceived as a single stream; the Soviet historical narrative of the thaw era ceases to be unified.

ADAPTATION AS AN OBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS

The problem of adaptation in the educational process is quite relevant in connection with the intensive informatization of society. The article is devoted to the analysis of existing approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «adaptation». Attention is focused on the interdisciplinary nature of adaptation, which is studied in detail from the point of view of biological, socio-philosophical, psychological and pedagogical, cybernetic and other approaches. To achieve the goal of the study, the analysis, systematization and generalization of the works of domestic and foreign researchers were applied. According to the results of the study, it was found that adaptation is an integral characteristic of a person, which directly affects the degree of its inclusion in social relations, as a consequence, in the educational process. Considering the student as a subject of learning, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of adaptation due to different subject areas. Therefore, adaptation is interpreted as a process of interaction between the environment and the individual, which occurs at different levels (biological, psychological, social) and provides a sustainable and purposeful response to changing environmental conditions. Adaptation has its types: biophysiological, psychological, social, professional, didactic adaptation; forms: formal, social, didactic. The article focuses on adaptation in terms of the interaction of the system «human – electronic environment», which is determined by intrapsychic and environmental factors. It is found that the adaptation of higher education students to learning is understood as a holistic system process «student – teacher – environment», which determines the degree of inclusion of students in the educational process, an important factor of which is the electronic educational environment. It can be implemented in the following forms: formal, social, didactic adaptation.

University professors and the inclusion of students with special educational needs in higher education: proposal and validation of a measurement scale

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the construction and validation process of a new measurement scale, the APTD questionnaire (Accessibility, Processes, Training, Demand), which consists of four factors related to the evaluation of the accessibility of university campus, the inclusive educational actions and processes carried out by university professors in class, the degree of permanent training in attention to diversity and, finally, the training demanded by professors in attention to diversity. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of any instruments that measure the response of university professors to the inclusion of students with special educational needs, taking into account these dimensions. The sample was made up of a total of 580 professors from different Faculties of Education of public universities of Andalusia (Spain). The results obtained show agreement among the judges/experts in relation to the clarity, coherence and relevance of the scale of measurement. On the other hand, the validation process carried out concludes that it is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the degree of inclusion of students with special educational needs in universities through the response of university professors.

A tripartite approach to social inclusion in selected slums in Lagos State, Nigeria

PurposeThis study aims to examine the social inclusiveness of slum dwellers by focusing on three key institutions which are social relations, government and the labour market. The literature emphasises the activities of these three institutions as indicators of social inclusion. Also, they accurately describe the social interactions of slum inhabitants at different levels.Design/methodology/approachThree large slums (Makoko, Ilaje and Iwaya) in Lagos State were purposively selected for this study. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, there was the first level of cluster sampling across the communities and second-level random sampling of household heads in the clusters. In all, 400 respondents were sampled but 388 valid responses were used for the analysis.FindingsThe study found minimal levels of inclusion in many of the indicators. However, Makoko had a higher degree of inclusion with respect to social relations and political participation compared to the other locations. Due to the poor level of governance, the resilience of slum dwellers has waned.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to three of the largest slums in Lagos State. Moreover, due to threats of eviction in recent times, many respondents were reluctant to provide adequate answers to some of the questions asked. However, the responses gotten were adequate to provide appropriate awareness and relevant recommendations.Originality/valueThe use of primary data made it possible for novel results to be generated on social inclusiveness in selected slums. The study extends the frontier of knowledge on social inclusion.

A tyranny trap in community territorial planning: The case of three ejidos in Southeastern Mexico.

Community land use planning must integrate plural and active participation, especially of those who live there. However, this is difficult to achieve, mainly due to the heterogeneity of interests and levels of power. In this paper, we studied the design and implementation of a Community-based Land Management governmental program in three communities in Calakmul, Campeche, to critically assess and learn in retrospect about the participatory methods and techniques, the social inclusion degree, and the decision-making procedures throughout the process. We interviewed participants who attended workshops, including local representatives and authorities, as well as the facilitators of this participatory process. Our findings indicate that participation was promoted under a tyranny of method, a tyranny of the group, and a tyranny of decision making. Through this case study, we reflect on strategies to avoid tyrannical participatory processes that include questioning the need, timing, and strategy to promote participation, as well as adaptively designing and implementing mechanisms that foster meaningful participatory territorial planning.

Adaptation of youth of student age to fitness

Adaptation to fitness; is a complex multi-stage process that requires a complex of measures and the creation of optimal conditions to attract young people to regular fitness classes and make them a necessity for many years. As a result of the measurements, the level of adaptation is determined: complete "fitness adaptation" if the personality portrait fully fits into the structure of the young person's individuality; partial "adaptation to fitness", if the portrait of a young person partially fits into the personality structure; maladjustment, if the portrait of a young person does not fit into the structure of the personality of the individual, and as a result, the young person does not want to engage in fitness and continue the club card. The results of "fitness adaptation" depend on personal variables, life events and social support, as well as on the degree of inclusion in contacts and intergroup attitudes. In the "fitness adaptation of student youth" model developed by us, the staff of the fitness club actively contributes to the successful adaptation of youth to fitness. The author considers the following to be the main indicators of adaptation to fitness: assessment of well-being; physical fitness; activity in achieving goals; compatibility of the individual with the environment; optimism.The article tells the research results of youth fitness adaptation. Author created the “Fitness adaptation” model; scheme is shown in the article. The aim of work is theoretical and experimental development and test the “Fitness adaptation” model. The results prove that young people who have some knowledge in Physical Culture sphere go in for sport regularly and more adapted in life. The experiment took place at fitness club “Fanat” in Uzhhorod in December, 2021. It was held with surveys, students (16-23 years old) physical readiness results analysis. The results were as follows: full “fitness adaptation” 68%, part “fitness adaptation” 22% and 10% disadaptation.

Toward Unity and Inclusion in the Clinical Workplace: An Evaluation of Healthcare Workforce Belonging During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: In a challenging time for the healthcare workforce responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is critical to identify factors contributing to team members' feelings of “belonging” in the workplace. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Quintuple Aim’s principle of improving healthcare worker well-being could be applied to explore the implications of the increased turnover and stress, which connect to components of belonging. This study applies a qualitative approach to the organizational issues impacting healthcare teams, particularly during a complex and uncertain time.Methods: To elucidate factors contributing to belonging, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with an interdisciplinary cross-sectional sample of healthcare workers. Interviews were conducted with 23 total staff members in two clinical settings, the emergency department and hospital medicine groups at a large urban teaching hospital, to evaluate team members’ perspectives of the work environment.Results: Participants discuss their degree of inclusion, excitement, challenges, and respective needs from the organization. Perspectives of workers representing varied professional roles of the healthcare team were gathered to provide robust and unique insights into initiatives that can enhance belonging in the clinical workplace.Conclusion: Our findings provide a preliminary framework to identify strategies that can potentially reinforce collective team member belonging and consequently improve staff well-being, morale, and retention.

(Re)learning to Teach Science with a Hearing Impairment: An Auto-ethnographic Study

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in inclusive education, there has been little attention to the inclusion of students with disabilities in teacher education. Research by educators with disabilities about teachers with disabilities can provide vital information that may help improve support services for teachers with disabilities. As a teacher educator who recently became single-sided deaf, and a preservice teacher who has had hearing loss since childhood, we contribute our voices to this gap in the literature. Through autoethnography, we draw on our lived experiences to identify critical incidents in our (re)learning to teach science, contextualizing these within the broader issue of inclusion in science teacher education. By identifying points of intersection and difference in our stories, we generated a list of salient themes related to arenas, levels, and degrees of inclusion. While our specific experiences may not be generalizable, they highlight broader themes that have implications for creating inclusive science teacher education programs.