Degree Of Explosion Research Articles

The neural basis of emotions varies over time: different regions go with onset- and offset-bound processes underlying emotion intensity.

According to theories of emotion dynamics, emotions unfold across two phases in which different types of processes come to the fore: emotion onset and emotion offset. Differences in onset-bound processes are reflected by the degree of explosiveness or steepness of the response at onset, and differences in offset-bound processes by the degree of accumulation or intensification of the subsequent response. Whether onset- and offset-bound processes have distinctive neural correlates and, hence, whether the neural basis of emotions varies over time, still remains unknown. In the present fMRI study, we address this question using a recently developed paradigm that allows to disentangle explosiveness and accumulation. Thirty-one participants were exposed to neutral and negative social feedback, and asked to reflect on its contents. Emotional intensity while reading and thinking about the feedback was measured with an intensity profile tracking approach. Using non-negative matrix factorization, the resulting profile data were decomposed in explosiveness and accumulation components, which were subsequently entered as continuous regressors of the BOLD response. It was found that the neural basis of emotion intensity shifts as emotions unfold over time with emotion explosiveness and accumulation having distinctive neural correlates.

Evaluation of parameters to determine the degree of coal dust explosibility

Coal dust is highly explosive and caused dozens of victims in Colombia. In this research the most important and direct influence on coal dust, especially those that cause combustion and explosion inside the mine factors were analyzed; is important to discuss the characteristics of each coal mined and processed, for actions that do not compromise the integrity of the staff or facilities. Four (4) channel samples of coal exploitation faces with High Volatile Bituminous C from Cerrejón Formation were collected and analyzed: Proximal (moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, total sulfur and calorific value ); petrographic (maceral counting and vitrinite reflectance) and Hardgrove mill index. The samples were crushed to obtain fractions corresponding to meshes 200, 270 and 325 considering those sizes could give greater risks of explosion.The analysis showed that there is a direct relationship between the results of the Hardgrove mill index and the degree of explosiveness in the fraction corresponding to 200 mesh, meaning that a higher rate of milling the greater the degree of explosiveness; a direct relationship between calorific inertinite content range and also observed. The 325 mesh fraction for all samples showed the same degree of explosiveness, which indicates that the grain size and the type of coal maceral not influence the content and coal rank. The flash point decreased for finer grains for all samples. Thus, the size of carbon particle is very important as an indicator in the coal-dust explosion factor: finer particles have greater the likelihood of explosion. The percentage of inertinites has a close relationship with the explosivity index, the higher the content of this maceral, coupled with the fine grain, coal dust behaves like a highly explosive element and generate risks in mining operations.Coal rank is an important factor regard to self combustion and explosion of particles with grain sizes greater 200 mesh. If a low rank coal has susceptible and unstable at high temperature elements and this is combined with high volatile matter and some other influential environmental parameters, such as blow air, dust concentration, humidity, and pressure, among others, the ideal combustion and then a likely violent explosion may affect a large portion of mine.

SEPARATION ANXIETY AND DE FACTO DENIAL OF VISITATION

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of separation anxiety and its potential impact upon restriction of legal visitation in preschool age children is discussed. The interplay between adult personality characteristics and the child's developmental level is inextricably intertwined to generate separation fears. This interplay is presented within a theoretical framework of interaction. Unfortunately, the child's reactions to separation are frequently misinterpreted by the parents as indications of some mistreatment by the former spouse. Although adjustment difficulties in preschool age children coping with divorce are likely, the pattern of disturbance associated with separation anxiety is predictable and occurs almost exclusively with temporary removal from the primary parent. Behavioral health and legal professionals are cautioned against allowing such behavioral disturbance to be utilized by combative parents to deny, restrict or abridge scheduled visitations with the nonresidential parent.Requests for private custody evaluations have increased dramatically in the past decade. Behavioral health professionals often find themselves being jointly stipulated to by disagreeing parties, or directly appointed by the court, to help formulate a residential plan to meet “the best interests of the children” affected.When assessing divorcing families with young children, varied adjustment patterns are observed. However, as Wallerstein and Kelly (1980) discovered, almost all children are adversely affected by the family rupture, at least on a short‐term basis. Surprisingly less than 10 percent of the children experienced relief following the parental decision to divorce, despite the degree of explosiveness which may have characterized the dysfunctional marital relationship. Further, the particular response style exhibited by the children was primarily dependent upon the developmental and emotional level the child attained prior to the time of divorce.While positive adjustment has been correlated with an absence of feuding or animosity between the divorcing parents (McKinnon & Wallerstein, 1986), preschool children seem quite vulnerable to adjustment difficulties. Evidence has also begun to accumulate to suggest that divorce has a more serious impact upon boys than girls (Hetherington, 1979).Problems frequently surface during times of exchange, particularly when parents are actively engaged in battle. At its worst, these extreme maladjustments may resemble what appears to be a separation anxiety. Again, the Wallerstein and Kelly (1980) studies reported that preschool age youngsters displayed fright, exhibited regressions, confusion, increased aggression, maintained disruptive fantasies, and experienced guilt. While most of these symptoms remit within a year to a year and a half following divorce, continued bickering and conflict between the parents either prevents resolution, or may even exacerbate, these symptoms later.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the phenomenon of separation anxiety in greater detail, and to provide professionals aiding divorcing families with preschool age children sufficient information to recognize and understand these problems. Hopefully, this knowledge will facilitate those entrusted with making custodial‐visitation recommendations, the confidence to follow through with agreed visitation plans despite what at first may appear to be discomfort to the child.

メタノール・水素混焼機関の基本サイクルによる性能推測

In this paper the theoretical cycle of OHV type single cylinder engine which carburetes hydrogen and methanol is compared with its actual cycle.That the change in number of molecules in combustion is independent of the excess air ratio and the residual gas fraction. When hydrogen methanol feed ratio is equal to or less than 0.0625, the number of molecules in combustion is increased and it usually has beneficial effect on engine performance, which is not the case when hydrogen only is supplied.Final temperature (or pressure) of compression and theoretical thermal efficiency increase progressively as hydrogen methanol ratio and excess air ratio increase.The heating value and final temperature of combustion decrease gradually in proportion to the increase in excess air ratio and to the decrease in hydrogen methanol ratio.However, when hydrogen methanol ratio is decreased rise of the final pressure of combustion is seen caused by the mole variation with combustion.The temperature rise ratio for combustion is nearly independent of hydrogen methanol ratio, whereas at a relatively high excess air ratio, only small curve differences between hydrogen methanol ratio are found. In contrast, the effect of hydrogen methanol ratio on degree of explosion is larger at lower excess air ratio.It is observed that the variation in actual engine brake horsepower by the increase in amount of hydrogen supplemented to methanol is almost the same, when it is compared with the results of the calculation method which was treated in this work.

The Thermal Efficiency of Free Piston Gas Turbines

The free piston gas turbine will be classified into several cycles by the method of heating the compressed air, the fundamental cycles of wich are Pescara, constant pressure combustion, regeneration and regenerative constant pressure combustion cycle. By analysing the reversible air cycles of them thermodynamically, the relations among thermal efficiency and principal factors were obtained. The thermal efficiency of the three cycles except Pescara can be determined by the three factors, namely, thermal efficiency of engine cylinder, pressure ratio in compressor cylinder and ratio of turbine inlet temperature to the atmospheric one. While the efficiency of Pescara cycle can be determined only by arbitrary two factors among them and is equal to that of a Sabathe cycle which has the same max. pressure, degree of explosion and cut-off ratio as the engine cylinder of Pescara and operates on the atmospheric pressure. Assuming that the efficiency of engine cylinder is equal to 60% and the ratio of turbine inlet temperature to the atmospheric one 3, the max. thermal efficiency and the pressure ratio for each cycle were calculated as follows : [table]