Degree Of Employment Research Articles

Individual Placement and Support for persons with mental disorders and disability pension: Randomized controlled trial and follow up

IntroductionIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) is a supported employment method used for the vocational inclusion of individuals with mental disorders. There is vast evidence that IPS is effective for finding jobs. However, evidence concerning the applicability of IPS for persons with mental disorders receiving a disability pension and concerning the sustainability of IPS is scarce.ObjectivesThe aim of the studies included in this report was to a) control for the applicability of IPS for persons receiving a disability pension and b) to gain insight in the sustainability of IPS in this context.MethodsA randomized controlled trial with 250 participants was conducted. The participants in the intervention group received job coaching according to the IPS standard. Members of the control group received no organized support but were allowed to seek assistance on their own. The initial phase of the study lasted 24 month. Job coaching was delivered only in the first phase of the study and discontinued after 24 month. A follow up was performed six years after the start of the study to clarify the further course (number of employment relationships, degree of employment, duration of employment, salary).ResultsIn the first phase of the study, the overall dropout rate was 32%. 114 participants (46% of the original number of participants) took part in the follow-up survey. The intervention was superior to the control condition in the first phase. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of number of employment relationships, degree of employment, length of employment, and salary in the follow up.ConclusionsThe effect of a clear superiority of the IPS intervention with regard to the number of employment relationships, which was measured during the originally planned duration of the study, was only slightly detectable six years after the start of the study and up to four years after the end of the intervention and was no longer statistically significant. This result underlines the importance of continuing job coaching for an unlimited period of time, as called for in the IPS concept, in order to perpetuate the positive effects such as finding and maintaining a job in the primary labor market.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

EXPLORING ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF WORK OUT OF COMPANY OFFICE BASED ON BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Increasing the incidence of work out of company office (WOCO) by transforming it from a more limited and circumstantial practice into a predominant work option requires a special attention of social partners and political decision-makers in order to harmonize economic and social performances. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of WOCO from the economic perspective – resources allocation and performance, developing the previous studies through the approach of the broad area of WOCO, extending the analysis at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level, in order to harmonize the objectives of sustainable economic growth. Using bibliometric techniques, the 289 scientific publications from the Web of Science platform were analysed, highlighting the conceptual and intellectual structure of the research, in the field. The research themes related to economic topic consist of: the degree of employment, technology and digital infrastructure development, economic performance and productivity, and carrying out economic activities from the perspective of WOCO. The results of this broad-spectrum research reveal a holistic view of the network, constituting a relevant reference to develop a comprehensive understanding of the impact of WOCO, useful to researchers, managers, and regulatory bodies, and identifying the potential research gaps and future research direction.

Universities in the process of co-working with the labor market

The current research focuses on investigating several generations of graduates to observe the level of absorption of graduates in the labor market in the context of improvements in educational policies. A longitudinal research design was used, a panel study with a prospective design. The research method was a questionnaire-based social survey. The results show that there are significant generational differences regarding the level of assimilation in the labor market, the degree of employment in the field of studies, and the level of satisfaction of the participants. Gender differences were observed in the timing of participants' jobs. Also, labor market absorption is dependent on the field of study, despite educational policies.

The Impact of Knowledge Management on Strategic Management Practices

Purpose : The study aims to assess the effect of knowledge management on strategic management in the General Administration of Education in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach : The research employed a quantitative method and descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS21 and AMOS 23. The design, which has six independent variables and a single dependent variable. The study uses the questionnaire tool, a questionnaire was developed by the researcher, and distributed to a sample of 316 employees of the General Administration of Education in Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. and the questionnaire is two-part. The first is for primary verses such as age, experience, degree of employment, scientific qualification, and average income, and the second part is to address the knowledge management dimensions (knowledge distribution, knowledge acquisition, knowledge diagnosis, knowledge storage, knowledge generation, knowledge application) and its relationship to strategic management practices, the testing measurement validity and reliability could be occurred by EFA then analyzed the data by using multi regression .The study is based on the descriptive analytical approach to suit its purposes, free from reviewing and reviewing the theoretical literature on knowledge management and strategic management practices, in addition to reviewing previous relevant studies. Findings : knowledge management processes impact on Strategic Management Practices when testing the relationship between knowledge management processes and strategic management practices by structural equation modeling SEM, but the knowledge acquisition has no significant effect on strategic management practices. Research limitations/implications : The research was applied to the General Administration of Education in Jeddah, in Saudi Arabia, and the research was limited to the city of Jeddah only, and these tools can also be applied to other government institutions, especially in departments that work in providing services to the public. It is believed that knowledge management will have a role Effective if it is applied in service institutions that seek to apply strategic management to meet the increasing needs of the public. Originality/value : The paper is of theoretical and practical importance, as the theoretical importance is the literary addition to which research contributes to the theoretical enrichment of scientific literature on knowledge management and strategic management practices, The paper also has its applied importance as it deals with the effect of knowledge management on implementing strategic management practices. This will be applied in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which contributes to developing strategic performance based on knowledge management.

Comparative Analysis of Psycho-physiological Parameters of the Deaflympic Karate Champion and Healthy Karate Women

The article compares psycho-physiological indicators of an elite athlete in karate - the champion of the Deaflympics and healthy, highly qualified athletes. The researched indicators were: work efficiency, degree of employment, mental stability, time of simple reaction to a moving object, reaction to a moving object, frequency of movements, the reaction time of choice, Romberg test, concentration and switching of attention according to the Bourdon test. For the analysis, 24 measurements of psycho-physiological indicators of the researched sportswoman were compared with corresponding indicators of highly skilled healthy karate girls, 29 people in total. The measurements of the studied athlete’s indicators were performed during the annual macrocycle at the beginning of a series of shock microcycles, which meant that she was in her optimal physical and psychological shape. It was found that the studied karate person has an invalid type of nervous system, which is not typical for this sport. Work efficiency, speed of work and mental stability also differ in favour of healthy karate women.

Productivity losses due to influenza and influenza-like illness in Switzerland: results of the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network in a non-pandemic era.

The incidence of influenza and influenza-like illnesses in Switzerland is generally high. Although related direct medical costs can be substantial, especially if hospitalisations occur, several studies suggested that indirect costs due to the loss of productivity may represent an even higher economic burden. The aim of this study was to assess the costs arising from lost productivity due to influenza and influenza-like illnesses in Switzerland. Analyses were based on data collected in 2016 and 2017 by the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network of the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH). The available information covered details on the physicians collecting the data, patients' characteristics, symptoms, treatments, and inability to work (in terms of physician-recorded workdays lost for own sickness or caregiving). The cost of lost productivity, estimated using the human capital approach, was calculated as the number of workdays lost due to influenza-like illnesses multiplied by the mean salary for one working day. Salary differences across sex, age and region were considered. Extrapolation to the national level was performed by adjusting for the size of the Swiss population, the age and sex distribution, the regional distribution, the number of Sentinel general physician contacts and the specialisation of the physician. At the Swiss national level, the estimated total yearly number of cases of inability to work due to influenza and influenza-like illnesses was 101,287 in 2016 and 86,373 in 2017. In subgroups defined by year, gender, region and age class, numbers of cases per 100,000 inhabitants ranged from 12 to 2396. The total number of workdays lost in Switzerland, considering degree of employment and visit day, were estimated to be 324,118 in 2016 and 278,121 in 2017. The number of workdays lost was generally higher in men (53.7% of the total in 2016 and 55.6% of the total in 2017) than women. The estimated total costs due to inability to work, calculated using a human capital approach and including the caregiving costs, were CHF 115 million in 2016 and CHF 103 million in 2017, equivalent to CHF 1.4 million per 100,000 inhabitants. The costs of lost productivity due to influenza and influenza-like illnesses in Switzerland are substantial and may vary considerably between different years, regions and age classes. As the present analyses could not consider all causes of lost productivity (e.g., short-term inability to work not requiring a physician consultation, hospitalisations, early retirement, premature death), the total indirect costs due to influenza or influenza-like illnesses can be expected to be higher than the presented estimates.

Prospects Of The Prognosis For The Legalization Of Informal Employment In Uzbekistan

On the basis of the constructed econometric model on the factors that determine the degree of employment in the informal sector, forecast indicators of the prospects for the development of the national labor market have been developed.

Degree of employment, sick leave, and costs following notification of occupational contact dermatitis-A register-based study.

Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is the most commonly recognized occupational disease in Denmark. To examine the impact of recognized OCD on degree of employment, sick leave, unemployment, and job change. Data on all recognized individuals with OCD notified in Denmark between 2010 and 2015 (n = 8940) were linked to information on social transfer payments in the years before and after notification. The number of weeks on unemployment benefits or sick leave and the degree of employment during the 2 years prior to notification was compared with the 2 years following notification. The degree of employment decreased on average 8.9 work-hours/month, corresponding to an average annual loss of income per worker of approximately €1570. The average number of weeks that workers were receiving unemployment benefits and paid long-term sick leave rose by 2.5 and 3.4 weeks, respectively, corresponding to an average additional annual cost per worker of approximately €420 and €770, respectively. Longer case-processing time was significantly associated with lower degree of employment and higher levels of unemployment and sick leave. OCD has a significant negative impact on employment and economics, thus highlighting the need for a national, strategic action plan for effective prevention of OCD.

Geospatial Development Using GIS Smart Planning

Zoning is the most effective public tool for controlling land use, reflecting the spatial separation of urban land use incompatibilities and influencing, consequently, the physical economic and social structure of cities. In this paper we want to emphasize the possibilities and benefits of using dedicated GIS solutions for geospatial planning, integrating 3D and 2D data. At present, GIS provides complex tools dedicated to spatial planning analyzes, of which we chose a new Esri solution. The results consist of setting up the appropriate planning parameters, correlated with the local urban planning regulation and applying a coherent workflow in ArcGIS Urban for the GIS analysis of the reconfiguration of an area in Bucharest, as example. We have demonstrated the advantages of using intelligent spatial planning products to verify the conditions provided in the local urban planning regulations. We highlighted the possibility to highlight by analyzing certain evolving indicators, such as population, degree of employability, etc. Obviously, as more relevant Romanian statistical data will be available in the online environment, such analyzes may increase as complexity level.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ТА ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ КІРОВОГРАДСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The paper defines the concept of the labor market from the point of the geographic study. The preconditions for the labor market formation in Kirovograd region are defined by a short history of the territory development, agrarian specialization of the economy, uneven population distribution, low urbanization, absence of significant urban centers. The labor market in the region is the result of the interaction of economic, demographic, social, environmental, cultural, political and other regional processes. The article characterizes the dynamics and current trends of the labor market in the region based on the analysis of the number of economically active population according to the place of residence, age and gender distribution. The level of economic activity of the regional population aged 15-70 years for the period of 2012–2017 is determined in accordance with the average Ukrainian indicators. The degree of employment and unemployment of the regional population in the sectoral and gender-related aspects for the period of 2012–2017 is analyzed. The paper determines the intra-regional territorial aspects of unemployment which involve transport accessibility to medium, large cities and to the regional center, density and quality of transport routes, level of agricultural production development, mining and processing industry, level of natural resource potential, level of regional management of the territory. On the basis of the above mentioned facts, it is concluded that the labor market is a structural element of the geographic space. The geographic theory of “center-periphery” is clearly reflected in its development, and determines in its territory functioning indicators a relatively prosperous center and problematic periphery of the region. The paper conclusions indicate the necessity of labor market regulations considering specific interregional peculiarities.

Grieving for Job Loss and Its Relation to the Employability of Older Jobseekers.

Introduction: Loss of employment is an experience that is lived and interpreted differently depending on a series of individual variables, including the psychological resources available to the affected person as well as their perception of their degree of employability. Losing one’s job can be one of the most painful and traumatic events a person has to withstand. Following a dismissal, the worker needs to overcome a period of emotional adaptation to the loss. But that period of grieving can also condition the job searching process of the individual and can be influenced by different variables, highlighting the age and work experience. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between intensity and type of affliction due to the loss of employment in older workers and their level of employability.Methods: We carried out a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 unemployed participants, from 19 to 65 years of age—users of Job Orientation in the Public Employment Service of Andalusia (Spain). Of the total participants, 66 were unemployed and over 45 years of age. They all took the Labour Insertion Potential Assessment Test and the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, adapted for job loss.Results: Significant differences are shown in the grieving process due to loss of employment between both groups, with the older unemployed living the process more intensely. In relation to the employability potential, differences are found between both groups in terms of availability, perceived difficulties and fears. Interrelationships between total grieving intensity and the importance that older jobseekers give to work are also indicated.Conclusion: Loss of employment and the psychological and health consequences of this situation are identified with those that arise in the grieving process. Older workers present a series of features that determine that their job loss grieving process is more intense and lasts longer than that of other younger workers, regardless of whether the job loss was recent or not. On the other hand, it is shown that the intensity of grieving for job loss is related to the decrease of certain variables that are part of the concept of employability.

Organización microespacial del comercio de bienes de consumo inmediato en la región metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (1993-2013)

The new urban structure patterns of metropolitan regions tends to the Lang's (2003) model called edgeless cities, where there is no possible to identify spatial concentrations of economic activity. The main objective of this paper deal with to understand employment distribution of immediately consume goods retail trade. Through theoretical postulates interpretation it is foresee a sprawl organization where population distribution and other economic activities location influence in concentration or dispersion employment degree. For that, spatial econometric is used in order to identify the importance of each analyzed variable. To the geographic inertia, economic activity complementarity, and population distribution are transcendental to understand spatial configuration of immediately consume goods retail trade.

The Impact of Regulation on Occupational Safety – A Regional Study for Italian Food Industry

This paper analyses the impact of the most recent Italian safety national regulation (Dlgs. 81/08) on the occupational accidents frequency and severity in Food and Drink Industry.Food and Drink Industry (FDI) is a branch of manufacturing sector with a relevant role in European Union and Italian economy. Far away from the common way of thinking, the FDI sector has an accident frequency comparable to those of other manufacturing sectors. The occupational accidents analysed were more than 6000, all occurred in Piemonte, a north west region of Italy, from 2006 to 2013. The study was carried out analysing the relationships between occupational accidents trend and macro-economic variables concerning the degree of employment, the worked hours and working force distribution. Furthermore a specific focus was done on evolution of the occupational accidents dynamic with the using of an innovative clustering method named SKM (S.O.M & K-Mean method). This study identified as relevant factor in the occupational accidents reduction the effects of economical crisis expressed in term of smaller number of worked hours.Results showed that big companies reported a bigger reduction of occupational accidents than small and micro enterprises.

Hearing loss and work participation: a cross-sectional study in Norway

Objective: To study work participation of persons with hearing loss, and associations with hearing disabilities, self-reported workability, fatigue and work accommodation.Design: Cross-sectional internet-based survey.Study sample: A total of 10,679 persons with hearing loss within working-age were invited to answer the survey, where 3330 answered (35.6%).Results: Degree of hearing loss was associated with low workability, fatigue and work place accommodation, while sick leave was associated with fatigue. Degree of hearing loss was positively associated with being unemployed (p < .001) and having part-time work (p < .01) (often combined with disability benefits) for women. Work place accommodation was more frequently provided among respondents working with sedentary postures, high seniority, long-term sick leave or low workability. Additional unfavourable sensory conditions were associated with decreased employment (p < .001) and workability, and an increase in sick leave (p < .01) and fatigue (p < .001).Conclusions: Hearing loss seemed to influence work participation factors negatively; particularly, for moderate hearing loss and for women, even though the degree of employment was high. A lack of work place accommodation when there was a need for such was found. This implies increased attentiveness towards individual needs concerning the experienced disability a hearing loss may produce. A more frequent use of hearing disability assessment is suggested.

The Evaluation of Necessity of Individuals Older Aged 50 Years and Older in Outpatient Polyclinic Services

The department of X-ray diagnostics of the out-patient center was used to carry out a sociological survey with the purpose of studying such social demographic characteristics of patients as level of education, material condition, benefits availability, degree of employment. The patients of advanced age visit the out-patient center most often for X-ray examinations because of diseases of nervous system, neoplasms and diseases of musculoskeletal system. In average, the patients wait their line for examination during up to three days. In both cases of implementing examination by appointment of hospital physician or by initiative of patient oneself (for fee) waiting time decreases. The main causes of using of paid medical care is the queue for free-of-charge examination and lacking of needed physician in polyclinic. The most of patients characterize scope of services provided in out-patient center as inadequate. At that, less than a half of respondents are agreed for broadening of paid diagnostic services. The readiness of patients for broadening of scope of paid services at the pre-hospital stage of treatment depend on their economic condition and employment status. The maximal readiness is expressed by working people with good economic condition. The application of obtained data provides an opportunity of optimizing of diagnostic care optimization.

The labor market and gang membership in adulthood: is the availability, quality, and nature of legal work associated with adult gang involvement?

Gang scholars generally contend that adult gang membership has grown more common in US cities since the 1970s. The greater presence of adult members is often attributed to conditions in the local labor market, an explanation that has been rarely tested. This research tests whether measures of the availability, quality, and nature of legal work are associated with the rate of adult gang membership among large US cities (N = 133). The current findings offer mixed support for the tested hypotheses and, in general, indicate that labor market conditions account for a small share of the variation in the rate of adult membership. Nonetheless, the current findings provide some support for measuring labor market conditions beyond simply the availability of work (e.g., rate of unemployment), for measures of the quality (e.g., extent of full-time employment) and the nature of work (e.g., degree of employment in service occupations) were no less important in explaining the rate of adult membership. The implications of the current findings for social responses to gang membership (opportunities provision) and for future research are discussed.

The Degree of Employment of Faculty Members for Assessment Standards Defined by the American Educational Organizations in Assessing Student Learning at the University of Najran

This study investigates the faculty members' employment of assessment standards defined by the American educational organizations (NCME, AFT and NEA) to assessing student learning at the University of Najran from the students' point of view. To achieve the objective of the study, the questionnaire which consisted of 38 items distributed to seven standards was administered to 323 male and female students at some colleges. The results showed moderate level of the faculty members' employment of assessment standards. There were also statistically significant differences according to gender in favor of males and college in favor of practical college.

Employability of Graduates of Public and Private Management Education Institutes: A Case Study of Two Institutes in Sri Lanka

The rationale for carrying out this research project lies in the findings of a survey regarding the mismatch between the qualifications and the demand for employment in the job market in Sri Lanka. This study aims to identify the degree of employability of graduates in the public and private sector higher education institutes which offer Management Degree programmes. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been applied to elicit data. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews with 121 selected graduates who had graduated from two selected education institutes to extract views and experiences of graduates who use Facebook and those who use Google+ sites by applying the ‘Snowball sampling’ method of sampling. The findings suggest that both institutes have paid attention in developing employability skills in their students, supported developing enterprise skills and interpersonal skills which were seen inadequate to fulfil the requirements of the job market.

Heuristic vs formal dynamics of the wage- and price-curve model of equilibrium unemployment

Purpose– A standard model of equilibrium unemployment consists of static equations for real-wage ambitions (wage curve) and real-wage scope (price curve), which jointly determine the NAIRU. The heuristics of the model states that unless the rate of unemployment approaches the NAIRU from any given initial value, inflation will be increasing or decreasing over time. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The authors formalize this influential heuristic argument with the aid of a dynamic model of the wage-price spiral where the static theory’s equations are re-interpreted as attractor relationships.Findings– The authors show that NAIRU unemployment dynamics are sufficient but not necessary for inflation stabilization, and that the dynamic wage-price spiral model generally has a dynamically stable solution for any predetermined rate of unemployment. The authors also discuss a restricted version of the model that conforms to the accelerationist view that inflation increases/falls if unemployment is not at its “natural rate”.Research limitations/implications– To investigate the relevance of heuristical dynamics of influential macro models, explicit modelling of such dynamics is a necessary step.Practical implications– An important argument against social orders that represent an attempt to target unemployment at relatively low levels, is refuted by the analysis.Social implications– A high degree of employment is a main premise for a social order with equal income distribution and a drive for productivity growth.Originality/value– It is important that economics give a balanced view of the possibility of attaining inflation stability at low or moderate levels of unemployment. This offering is contributions to establish such a balance.

Factoids of Working Life

Factoids are statements that are repeated so often that they appear as facts even though they are not. I don't know any field that is as full of factoids as working life. And-sadly-there are working life researchers contributing with factoids to what is called the public debate.When I detect factoids of working life, they have one thing in common: They are portrayed as self-evident truths, but they do not have any data to back them up. For example, it was not long ago when this had become a fact: People in general and youth in particular don't want secure employment any more. Earlier, in the old society, people wanted such security, but now, in the new society, nobody wants it any longer. But the statement was false. It was a factoid. It was spread in mass media, most politicians believed in it, and there were even working life researchers who disseminated it. But it was false. It was a factoid. For those who wanted to see, there were numerous empirical studies of what people really thought about secure jobs. They showed clearly that secure jobs were what people wanted and that there was no difference between age groups. But in the public debate, facts succumbed to the factoid.Another example: Labor law, especially the Law on Security of Employment, is stricter in Sweden than in other countries and it curtails the rate of employment. It is false. To begin with, Sweden belongs to a middle category of strictness, that is, the degree of security of employment, in international comparison. At the top of the table of strictness, we find France, Portugal, Turkey, and Spain. At the bottom are for example Japan, Denmark, Canada, UK, and USA. And among those in between are Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, and Poland. Further, if the statement was true, those countries that have liberalized their labor market laws should have reached a higher level of employment than other countries. But that is not the case. There simply is not any correlation between the strictness of labor law and the degree of employment (Furaker, 2009; Furaker et al., 2007). The statement is a factoid.A further example: The demands of qualifications in working life have risen to such an extent that people's level of education has not managed to keep up. There is a widespread under-education on the labor market. It is false. In reality, it is the other way around. It is true that there is a big gap between individuals' level of education and the qualification level of the jobs, but it goes the other way as it were: People's level of education has risen to such an extent that qualifications in working life have not managed to keep up. There is a widespread over-education on the labor market (le Grand et al., 2004; Tahlin, 2007). The statement is a factoid.It's hard to stop, here is another one: Equal pay threatens jobs: the smaller the wage gap, the lower the level of employment. Sometimes it is also expressed as a big wage gap is favorable to the number of jobs. But however it is formulated it is false. Let us have a look at the employment and wage differences in 22 countries during 22 years (Barth & Moene, 2012). If the statement was true, the level of employment should be lower in countries with a high degree of equality of wages. But it isn't like that. On the contrary, there is a stable pattern of the level of employment being higher in those countries-like the Nordic ones-that have the smallest wage differences. Further, if the statement was true, the percentage of the population in the labor force should be lower where wage equality is high. …