Degree Of Embedding Research Articles

Embedding constitutional rights

Abstract This article details the concept of constitutional embedding and demonstrates its utility in four country-rights cases. Constitutional embedding refers to the process by which some understanding of constitutional rights comes to take root in everyday life, moving from words on paper to something that shapes expectations and behavior. The degree of constitutional embedding varies along two dimensions: social and legal, or how individuals and groups operating in the social sphere understand and relate to constitutional rights, and how those working in the formal legal sphere do so. In a global political climate defined by democratic backsliding, powerful vested interests, and backlash against moves toward equality, the status of constitutional rights and how they become and remain embedded is doubly important. The constitutional embedding framework highlights how interactions between legal elites and ordinary citizens constitute the extent to which constitutional law influences daily life. The framework has broad applicability across contexts and rights domains.

Postoperative Bleeding in Children With Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective Cohort.

It is necessary to evaluate the risk factors of secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy in children, to provide reference for clinical children management and care. Children who underwent tonsillectomy from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, in our hospital were retrospectively included. The characteristics of children with and without secondary bleeding were analyzed. A total of 1068 children undergoing tonsillectomy were included, and the incidence of secondary bleeding children undergoing tonsillectomy was 4.87%. Age ≥ 9 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 2.609, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.112-3.437), type of surgery (OR = 1.764, 95% CI = 1.148-2.291), and degree of tonsil embedding (OR = 2.116, 95% CI = 1.805-2.644) were the risk factors of secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy in children (all P < .05). Medical staff should proactively monitor and address the identified risk factors by implementing timely warning systems and preventive strategies to reduce the postoperative bleeding following tonsillectomy.

The effect of internet embeddedness on women's non-farm employment under the power perception perspective: evidence from rural China.

Female empowerment can promote gender equality and realize women's comprehensive development, while the Internet has opened up an effective channel for female empowerment. Given the relative lack of women's rights in rural China and the rapid Internet development, this paper, based on the 2021 China Comprehensive Social Survey data, first analyses the effect of Internet embeddedness on rural women's non-farm employment using the Probit model. Then, it uses the mediation effect model to explore the role of women's rights perception in the mechanism between Internet embeddedness and women's non-farm employment. Finally, based on age and regional differences, we also analyze the impact of Internet embeddedness on female non-farm employment. The paper draws the following conclusions: (1) Internet embedding can promote female non-farm employment, and the probability of female non-farm employment is 3.71% for each degree of Internet embedding. (2) Internet embedding can enhance women's perception of their rights and thus promote women's non-farm employment. (3) Internet embedding can enhance the perception of rights of young rural women, which can promote their nonfarm employment. However, the influence of internet embedding on middle-aged women's perception of rights is not significant. (4) Internet embedding in the eastern region can enhance women's perception of rights and realize women's non-farm employment; on the contrary, in the central and western regions, Internet embedding cannot enhance rural women's perception of rights. Therefore, this paper proposes to release further the impact of the Internet in promoting rural women's non-farm employment to improve the deprivation of rural women's rights and promote gender equality and women's comprehensive development.

The Embedding of Higher Education Innovation Theory in the Management of College Students in the Context of Informatization

Abstract This paper uses the BTM algorithm, which has been improved by word embedding and self-attention mechanisms, to analyze the degree of embedding of innovation theory in college students’ management. By analyzing the principle of attention mechanism and self-attention mechanism, it constructs the embedding analysis model for higher education innovation theory. By analyzing the cw2vec and word2vec models, the expression of innovation theory vocabulary is derived. Based on the improved BTM algorithm, the WESA-BTM model is applied to give higher weights to the subject words with higher subject contributions. Parameter solving, as well as derivation, were used to determine the impact of innovation theory on college students’ management follow-up. The results show that the improved BTM algorithm can effectively analyze the embeddedness of innovation theory in college students’ management, and the WESA-BTM model in Web Snippets is evaluated to be −573.26 at the number of topics of 20 and −561.71 at the number of topics of 40. This study improves the efficiency of college students’ management in colleges and universities to a certain extent.

Advanced front plow

The process of smooth plowing with the turnover of layers within its own furrow is characterized by high energy costs due to the interaction of the plow body and the plow in conditions of blocked cutting. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the type of the second-rear body of the frontal plow. The proposed front plow for smooth plowing contains twin screw housings, first-row colliders, rear screw right- and left-turning plow housings, second-row colliders. Screw right- and left-turning plow housings are equipped with mirror-mounted screw shortened stabilizing plates. The transverse distance from the field cutoff to the front of the stabilizing plate is greater than the width of the body grip. As a result, the rear bodies work in a semi-open furrow, which helps to reduce the traction resistance of the plow. The results of experimental studies to substantiate the type of rear enclosures are presented. Experiments were carried out with the following types of rear housings: cultured, semi-screw, screw and screw housing with a guide plate. It is established that when performing the rear screw housings and equipping them with guide plates, the quality indicators of the plow fully comply with agro technical requirements. At the same time, the degree of embedding of plant residues and the height of irregularities is 92-95% and 4.3-5 cm, respectively.

Proppant embedment in rough fractures considering shale hydration

Shale reservoirs are significantly hydrated owing to the presence of large amounts of clay minerals. However, the mechanical properties of the hydration layer on the rock surface decline, resulting in severe proppant embedding. In this study, we established a mathematical model of proppant embedding based on the rock surface indentation experiment and Hertz contact theory, carried out shale spontaneous imbibition experiments to develop a mathematical model for the hydration depth, and built a proppant embedded mathematical model of rough fractures considering the elastic–elastoplastic–plastic whole-stage. We analyzed the proppant embedding laws by considering the hydration layer under closing stress. Our observations were as follows: the surface mechanical properties of hydrated shale decreased by 35.7% after 15 days of hydration intrusion; spontaneous imbibition water absorption in horizontal bedding was greater than that in the vertical bedding; the degree of proppant embedding increased with the increase in shale hydration time. As the closing stress increased, the degree of proppant embedding in the slick water liquid shale became significantly weaker than that in the distilled water liquid shale. This research provided a theoretical basis for shale reservoir fracturing design and fracture effectiveness analysis after fracturing.

Highly flexible, stretchable, durable conductive electrode for human-body-attachable wearable sensor application

Flexible/stretchable electrodes based on conductive polymers are used in various fields, including wearable devices and human body sensors. However, the durability of flexible/stretchable electrodes is insufficient. In this study, a carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode layer was formed on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface with a controlled precuring time using a simple spray-coating method. The electrical properties and durability of the CNT-based conductive polymers were evaluated. To evaluate the durability of the electrodes, bending, stretching, tribo, and scratch tests were performed. The degree of embedding of the CNT electrode layer on the PDMS surface differed according to the PDMS precuring time, which showed a difference in durability. The case in which the CNTs were coated at a precuring time of approximately 8–12 h had the best durability. It was verified that CNT-embedded PDMS electrodes fabricated under optimal conditions can be attached to the skin of human joints and used as human-body-attachable wearable sensors that measure changes in electrical resistance according to joint movement, resulting in excellent elasticity, durability, and performance.

Design and evaluation of micro-sized glass bubble embedded PDMS composite for application to haptic forceps

The purpose of this study was to improve the durability and gripping performance of haptic forceps without damaging the counter materials. Glass bubbles (GBs) were embedded on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a GB embedded PDMS (GBEP) composite, and then coated on the gripping part of the haptic forceps. The PDMS base and a curing agent were mixed with various precuring times, and the degree of embedding of GBs on the PDMS surface was controlled. As the precuring time increased, the depth of the GBs embedded in the PDMS surface decreased significantly. The friction coefficients of the GBEP specimens were lower than those of the bare PDMS. Bare PDMS and GBEP specimens with long precuring times were severely damaged, whereas GBEP specimens with short precuring times were relatively less damaged. When deionized (DI) water-based lubricants containing surfactants in various weight ratios were used, the friction coefficient of the specimens significantly decreased compared with dry or DI water lubrication conditions. Although the counter material was severely damaged by uncoated haptic forceps, it was not damaged by PDMS and GBEP coated haptic forceps, respectively. The durability of GBEP was superior to that of bare PDMS, and GBEP coated haptic forceps maintained gripping performance.

The Cell-Penetrating Peptide Tat Facilitates Effective Internalization of PSD-95 Inhibitors Into Blood–Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells but less Efficient Permeation Across the Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro and In Vivo

Inhibition of the interaction between the scaffolding protein PSD-95 and the NMDA receptor has been shown to obstruct ischemic stroke-triggered excitotoxic reactions, leading to neuronal death. The peptides NR2B9c and N-dimer are inhibitors of this interaction. Delivery of the peptides to the brain is challenging due to the general low blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. NR2B9c and N-dimer have therefore been conjugated to the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) Tat, to facilitate blood–brain barrier permeation. However, the BBB permeation of Tat-NR2B9c and Tat-N-dimer has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that the BBB permeation in vitro and in vivo was lowered upon conjugation of NR2B9c or N-dimer to Tat. In the present study, we aimed to further understand the impact of cargo conjugation to Tat with respect to interaction with and permeation across the BBB in vitro and in vivo. The peptides were labeled with the fluorophore TAMRA (T) and demonstrated efficient Tat-mediated uptake into BBB endothelial cells but differed in their degree of plasma membrane interaction and embedding (T-Tat-NR2B9c = T-Tat &amp;gt; T-Tat-N-dimer) as well as in their chemical stability (T-Tat-N-dimer = T-Tat &amp;gt; T-Tat-NR2B9c). The Tat conjugates all displayed a similar degree of self-association and/or plasma protein adsorption. T-Tat-NR2B9c and T-Tat affected the BBB integrity but not the permeation of the paracellular marker C14-mannitol. T-Tat-NR2B9c and T-Tat-N-dimer displayed less efficient permeation across an in vitro model representing the healthy BBB, when compared to T-Tat, and low BBB permeation in healthy rats.

The Influence of Network Embeddedness on Innovation Performance of MSMEs. The Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Organizational Learning

The Influence of Network Embeddedness on Innovation Performance of MSMEs. The Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Organizational Learning

A taxonomy of social embedding - A systematic review of virtual learning simulations in vocational and professional learning

Vocational and professional learning largely occurs in social situations as an interaction between learners and their occupational environment. Due to the increasing digitization of work and learning, virtual learning simulations (VLS) have been on the rise. Yet, it is unclear to which degree VLS can adequately simulate and foster the social dimension of work-related learning. Drawing on different streams of assessment-related authenticity research, we present a five-level taxonomy of social embedding as an evaluative framework: (1) social placement, (2) social action, (3) social reaction, (4) social interaction, (5) collaborative interaction. We then conduct a systematic review and categorize 23 available VLS regarding their degree of social embedding. The results reveal a large variety of social interaction opportunities with a clear focus on social action, social reaction and social interaction. We recommend increasing social immersion in VLS, particularly by combining them with external communication platforms.

An Analytical Study for Arabic Language Course for the Higher Level in The Primary Education Under The Digital Citizenship Values: دراسة تحليلية لمقرر" لغتي الجميلة" للصفوف العليا من المرحلة الابتدائية في ظل قيم المواطنة الرقمية

This study aimed at identifying the degree of embedding The Digital Citizenship Values in the "Arabic Language Course" for the Higher Level in The Primary Education. The study utilized the descriptive approach and analysis method. The result of the study revealed that there is a list of Digital Citizenship needed for the Higher Level in The Primary Education, and this list contained nine main values, including sub-indicators which has reached (35) sub-indicators. Also, the research used the content analysis method as a tool to achieve the target of this search and its applied to the "Arabic Language Course" for its both semesters. According to this study the results showed: that the weak inclusion of Digital Citizenship Values which appeared in the content analysis results, also there is a wide variation in the availability of these values in "Arabic Language Course", is shown below that the values of Digital Citizenship in the "Arabic Language Course" for the Higher Grades of Primary Education was repeated (590) times, with low embedding. While the Value of Digital Culture included a high degree and it was repeated (64.41%), for that, it ranked first. Therefore, The Value of Digital Access has become a second by (11.02%). However, The Value of National Trade ranked the lowest with (1.36%). In the light of these results, the researcher offered a number of recommendations, prominent among which were: redesigning the "Arabic Language Course" takes into account the Values of Digital Citizenship required for the students of Higher Grades. Also, include training courses for Arabic Language teachers, so they will be able to implement The Digital Citizenship Applications on the "Arabic Language Course".

Robust LSPR Sensing Using Thermally Embedded Au Nanoparticles in Glass Substrates.

The poor adhesion and chemical and thermal stability of plasmonic nanostructures deposited on solid surfaces are a hindrance to the longevity and long-term development of robust localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based systems. In this paper, we have deposited gold (Au) nanolayers with thicknesses above the percolation limit over glass substrates and have used a thermal annealing treatment at a temperature above the substrate’s glass transition temperature to promote the dewetting, recrystallization, and thermal embedding of Au nanoparticles (NPs). Due to the partial embedding in glass, the NPs were strongly adherent to the surface of the substrate and were able to resist to the commonly used cleaning procedures and mechanical adhesion tests alike. The reflectivity of the embedded nanostructures was studied and shown to be strongly dependent on the NP size/shape distributions and on the degree of NP embedding. Strong optical scattering bands with increasing width and redshifted LSPR peak position were observed with the Au content. Refractive index sensitivity (RIS) values between 150 and 360 nm/RIU (concerning LSPR band edge shift) or between 32 and 72 nm/RIU (concerning LSPR peak position shift) were obtained for the samples having narrower LSPR extinction bands. These robust LSPR sensors can be used following a simple excitation/detection scheme consisting of a reflectance measurement at a fixed angle and wavelength.

Design and evaluation of light-transmitting concrete (LTC) using waste tempered glass: A novel concrete for future photovoltaic road

Millions of tons of waste glass are produced every year and its management is one of the biggest environmental problems. In other hands, there is a need to discover potential light-transmitting layer for the future photovoltaic road. The purpose of this research is to assess the feasibility of waste tempered glass (WTG) as the aggregates in light-transmitting concrete. Light-transmitting concrete (LTC) specimens were prepared by penetration method with different proportions of waste tempered glass aggregates and epoxy resin binder. Four grading types were selected preliminarily to determine the resin content and curing age. The WTG particle distribution was tested, as well as the optimal gradation was determined according to the light transmittance test and compressive strength test. The results show that the light transmittance of LTC is related to the WTG particle size and gradation. The larger the particle size, the higher the light transmittance, while, the denser the gradation, the lower the light transmittance. There are two main factors affecting the compressive strength, including the amount of cement and the degree of embedding between aggregates. Since the penetration method is applied to mold the specimens, the bonding between binder and the aggregate plays a major role. The smaller the particle size, the larger the specific surface area, and the more contact with the binder, the higher the strength. By comprehensively comparing the two indexes of light transmittance and compressive strength as well as the utilization ratio of glass, the GOGFC-13 was determined as the optimal gradation. Further, the design process of LTC was summarized with a view to have the potential application values for the future photovoltaic road.

A new fracturing technology of intensive stage + high-intensity proppant injection for shale gas reservoirs

So far, large-scale development of shale gas wells above 3500 m in the Changning Block of the Sichuan Basin has been realized by means of the large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology. As the main process parameters are finally set, however, the improvement rate of its stimulation effect tends to slow down, while in North America, single-well production has increased significantly by shortening cluster spacing and increasing proppant volumes. In order to provide a reliable practice basis for optimizing the parameters of shale gas fracturing process, this paper analyzes the productivity increasing mechanism of the new fracturing technology of intensive stage + high-intensity proppant injection by virtue of the model for calculating induced stress and multi-stage and multi-cluster productivity of horizontal wells. And accordingly, the main engineering factors of fracturing stimulation technology were ascertained. Then, after the pilot test scheme on this new fracturing technology was formulated according to the geological parameters of this block, the pilot test was carried out. Finally, the fracturing process parameters were optimized based on actual production effects and experimental results. And the following research results were obtained. First, shortening the spacing between main fractures, increasing the interference degree of induced stress and improving the stimulation degree of hydraulic fractures to shale reservoirs are the technical keys to the intense stage, and increasing the proppant volume, reducing the influence degree of proppant embedding and breaking on the attenuation of fracture conductivity and ensuring the long-term conductivity of propped fractures are the internal causes of significant production increase through high-intensity proppant injection. Second, the optimized implementation parameters of this new process in the Changning Block are as follows. The cluster spacing is in the range of 15–20 m, the proppant injection intensity is 2.0–2.5 t/m, and the liquid consuming intensity is 30–35 m3/m. It is concluded that this new process increases the single-well production of shale gas wells and the development benefit of the Changning Block and provides technical support for improving the comprehensive development benefit of shale gas wells in this block.

Influence of Formulation Parameters on Redispersibility of Naproxen Nanoparticles from Granules Produced in a Fluidized Bed Process.

The particle size reduction of active pharmaceutical ingredients is an efficient method to overcome challenges associated with a poor aqueous solubility. With respect to stability and patient’s convenience, the corresponding nanosuspensions are often further processed to solid dosage forms. In this regard, the influence of several formulation parameters (i.e., type of carrier material, type and amount of additional polymeric drying excipient in the nanosuspension) on the redispersibility of naproxen nanoparticle-loaded granules produced in a fluidized bed process was investigated. The dissolution rate of the carrier material (i.e., sucrose, mannitol, or lactose) was identified as a relevant material property, with higher dissolution rates (sucrose > mannitol > lactose) resulting in better redispersibility of the products. Additionally, the redispersibility of the product granules was observed to improve with increasing amounts of polymeric drying excipient in the nanosuspension. The redispersibility was observed to qualitatively correlate with the degree of nanoparticle embedding on the surface of the corresponding granules. This embedding was assumed to be either caused by a partial dissolution and subsequent resolidification of the carrier surface dependent on the dissolution rate of the carrier material or by resolidification of the dissolved polymeric drying excipient upon drying. As the correlation between the redispersibility and the morphology of the corresponding granules was observed for all investigated formulation parameters, it may be assumed that the redispersibility of the nanoparticles is determined by their distance in the dried state.

J-integral based correlation evaluation between microstructure and mechanical strength for FSSW joints made of automotive aluminum alloys

Through using the crack resistance energy evaluated by a fracture parameter of J-integral, a correlation evaluation approach for potential relationships between post-weld microstructure and resultant mechanical properties was proposed. The present article, based on this method, discussed the effects of welded base metal combinations, AA 5052-H32 and 6061-T6 while considering their dissimilar configuration, on microstructure forming and further tensile strength of friction stir spot-welded (FSSW) joints, in the hope of micro-action mechanism. With the developed numerical evaluation model considering the weakened binding capability caused by inherent Hook defect, the cracking process during the initial and Hook propagation was simulated utilizing Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) to achieve a more accurate prediction of mechanical response. Meanwhile, both J-integral values of main kinked cracks was numerically calculated to study the influence of changes in local microscopic features on the overall performance. Consequently, morphological size of the Hook and amount of precipitated particles (Mg2Si mainly) in the stir zone (SZ) play key roles in determining the shear strength. Additionally, the dissimilar 5052/6061 joints exist a sudden change in Mg and Si concentrations at lap interface, thus making the integrity structure more prone to damage during loading. In terms of the two opposite lap orders while bonding dissimilar alloys, configuring the 5052 with greater plastic fluidity to the upper plate will yield a greater degree of embedding and mixing, accompanied by higher joint strength.

Pseudo-random cryptological security sequences and the halving of a point of a wisted Edwards curve over prime and extended fields

Estimates of the complexity of the point division operation into two for twisted Edwards curve are obtained in comparison with the doubling of the point. One of the applications of the divisibility properties of a point into two is considered to determine the order of a point in a cryptosystem. The cryptological security of the pseudo-random sequence generator proposed by the author is shown on the basis of a curve in the form of Edwards. A new generation scheme and a new one-sided function of a pseudo-random cryptological security sequence based on these curves are proposed. The degree of embedding of these curves into a finite field for pairing on friendly elliptic curves of prime order or almost prime order is investigated. Pairingfriendly curves of prime or near-prime order are absolutely essential in certain pairing-based schemes like short signatures with longer useful life. For this goal we construct friendly curves on base of family of twisted Edwards curves. The possibility of constructing a twisted Edwards order curve, that is, one that has a minimal cofactor 4, has been found. A solution for the inverse doubling problem is obtained for quasi-elliptic curves that represented in the twisted Edwards form. Also its application to the proving of cryptographic pseudo-random sequence generator. It makes it possible to prove the cryptological security of the pseudo-random sequence we developed.

Study of the fish fossil Notelops brama from Araripe-Basin Brazil by Neutron Tomography

In the last decade, Neutron Tomography significantly gained importance as an analyzing tool to inspect samples of paleontological interest. In general, neutrons are able to provide new and complementary information when compared to the ones provided by X-rays imaging methods. Specifically, in the present paper, the Neutron Tomography equipment of the IPEN-CNEN/SP was successfully applied to investigate the internal structure of a fish fossil, embedded in a calcareous concretion. The resulting images, which will be presented, has revealed different contrast between several regions within the specimen enabling the differencing of osteological structures of the fossil, information about its state of conservation, degree of embedding, inclusions as well as regions within the concretion which could be related to humidity or to other substances and minerals containing hydrogen naturally added to the fossil. The technique is non-destructive and non-invasive allowing a close analysis of the specimen. Furthermore, the obtained images have demonstrated the feasibility of the equipment at IPEN-CNEN/SP for investigating this kind of sample.

Risk factor analysis of secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in children

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in children, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing complications after tonsillectomy. Method: A retrospective analysis of 354 children underwent tonsillectomy was performed, among which 42 secondary hemorrhage cases were divided into bleeding group, and other 312 cases were divided into non-bleeding group. To analyze the risk factors of secondary PTH and to discusses the pathogenesis of the hemorrhage, statistical analysis was conducted among eight clinical data including gender, age, reason of surgery, degree of tonsil embedding, surgery approach, surgeon' s skill level, intra-operative hemorrhagic volume, and postoperative absence of upper respiratory tract infection. Result: Univariant analysis showed that there was no statistical difference of gender, reason for operation, surgeon' s skill level, intra-operative hemorrhagic volume and postoperative upper respiratory tract infection different between bleeding group and non-bleeding group, while there was significant statistical difference of age, degree of tonsillar embedding, and surgery approach. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis of the three relevant factors showed that there was a significant correlation between the degree of tonsillar embedding and the surgery approach and the hemorrhage. Conclusion: Hemorrhage after tonsillectomy is a common and potentially fatal complication, with risk factors of the degree of tonsillar embedding, and the surgery approach. .